中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第八章 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)課件

第 八 章 動(dòng) 詞 的 時(shí) 態(tài),時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通過(guò)自身的變化來(lái)表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) 指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但初中英語(yǔ)要求掌握六種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,考 點(diǎn) 1 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí),1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法和構(gòu)成,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài):She is 12 years old.,(2) 表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作: He goes to work by bus every day.,(3) 表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力:The boy is able to speak English very well.,(4) 普遍的真理和自然規(guī)律: Light travels much faster than sound.,否定句 主語(yǔ)+be (am/is/are)+not+表語(yǔ):She is not/isnt 12 years old. 主語(yǔ)+dont/doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ): He doesnt go to work by bus every day.,肯定句 主語(yǔ)+is/am/are+表語(yǔ):He is 13 years old. 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)+賓語(yǔ): He goes to work by bus every day.,標(biāo)志詞: sometimes，often，usually，always (2) every day/week/month/year (3) on Sunday/Monday (4) once a week，twice a month (5) in the morning/afternoon/evening,特殊疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ):How old is she？ 疑問(wèn)詞+do/does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ): How does he go to work every day？,一般疑問(wèn)句 Be+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ): Is she 12 years old？ Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ):Does he go to work by bus every day？,2. 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成方式,真題熱身,( ) 1. Whats your father? He is a doctor. He _ in a local hospital. (2015綿陽(yáng)市) 1. worked B. has worked C. works D. will work ( ) 2. Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday_ . (2015濰坊市) A. will begin B. has begun C. begins D. is beginning,中 考 真 題,C,C,考 點(diǎn) 2 一 般 過(guò) 去 時(shí),1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法和構(gòu)成,表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài):I stayed up late when I was in Grade 9.,否定句 主語(yǔ)+wasnt/werent+表語(yǔ)She wasnt in Shanghai 3 days ago. 主語(yǔ)+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)They didnt have a good time last night.,(2) 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作: My father used to be a worker.,肯定句 主語(yǔ)+was/were+表語(yǔ):She was in Shanghai 3 days ago. 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式:They had a good time last night.,一般疑問(wèn)句 Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ): Was she in Shanghai 3 days ago？ Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ): Did they have a good time last night？,特殊疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ): When was she in Shanghai？疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ) :What did your father use to be？,標(biāo)志詞: last+ (2) yesterday，the day before yesterday (3) ago(4) just now (5) after+一段時(shí)間，after a while，after ten minutes (6) 表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間詞,2. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成方式,中考 真題,( ) Have you ever been to Xiamen？ Yes. I _ there in 2013. (2015龍巖市) A. go B. went C. have gone,B,真題熱身,考點(diǎn)3 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),(1) 表示現(xiàn)在 (說(shuō)話瞬間) 正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Listen，whos singing？,(2) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) (但說(shuō)話時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不一定在進(jìn)行)。 如：We are preparing the final examinations these days.,(3) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 (如come，go，leave，arrive，start，die等) 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 如：Be quick，the bus is coming.,肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be (is，am，are)+doing: We are listening to music now.,否定句 主語(yǔ)+be not + doing: She isnt sleeping at the moment.,一般疑問(wèn)句 Be+主語(yǔ)+doing : Is she sleeping at the moment？,特殊疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+doing: What is she doing at the moment？,標(biāo)志詞: Listen！/Look！ (2) now，at the moment，at present (3) these days，this month (4) all the time，always (含有感情色彩，表示厭煩、贊揚(yáng)等) (5) while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中 (6) 上下文提示,2. 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成方式,真題熱身,( )1. What are you doing now, Lily? I _ music. (2015龍巖市) A. am listening to B. listen to C. will listen to ( ) 2. Pass the raincoat to me, please. It _ hard now. Here you are.（2016福州市) A. is raining B. rained C. will rain,中 考 真 題,A,A,考 點(diǎn) 4 過(guò) 去 進(jìn) 行 時(shí),表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài): She was watching TV at nine last night.,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法和構(gòu)成,(2) 表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：I got home when my mother was cooking dinner.,(3) 表示兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，這時(shí)可用連接詞while連接：Jim was reading a book while Jane was listening to music.,肯定句 主語(yǔ)+was/were + doing :We were watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night.,否定句 主語(yǔ)+wasnt/werent + doing: We werent watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night.,一般疑問(wèn)句 Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing: Were you watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night？,特殊疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+doing When were you watching a movie last night？,(1) at that time，then (那時(shí)) (2) at this time yesterday，at 8 oclock yesterday，from 6 to 8 last night (3) when，while，all morning,標(biāo)志詞:,真題熱身,( )1. How did the accident happen? The girl _ WeChat(微信)while walking across the street. (2016漳州市) A. reads B. is reading C. was reading ( ) 2. Miss Lin _ my desk-mate with her lessons when I left school. She is really a nice teacher.(2015福州市) A. helps B. is helping C. was helping,中考真題,C,C,考 點(diǎn) 5 一 般 將 來(lái) 時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法和構(gòu)成,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài):He will go to the USA soon.,(2) be going to do表示準(zhǔn)備或打算做某事或根據(jù)跡象表明 “將會(huì)發(fā)生某事”: Im going to visit my aunt this weekend.,(3) be doing表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情，常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的有come，go，leave，arrive，start等: He is leaving for the USA soon.,肯定句 主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)詞原形He will teach us English next term. 主語(yǔ)+be going to+動(dòng)詞原形Jim is going to have a party soon.,否定句 主語(yǔ)+will not/wont+動(dòng)詞原形He wont teach us English next term.主語(yǔ)+be not going to+動(dòng)詞原形Jim isnt going to have a party soon.,一般疑問(wèn)句 Will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形:Will he teach us English next term？ Be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形:Is Jim going to have a party soon？,特殊疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)詞+will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形:What will he teach us next term？疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形:When are you going to visit your aunt？,標(biāo)志詞: (1) next week/month/year (2) “in+一段時(shí)間”：in a week/two days/ten minutes (3) tomorrow，the day after tomorrow (4) 表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間詞：soon，in 2019，at the end of this year,真題熱身,( ) Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Panda 3, Kelly? Not yet. I _ it with my classmate tonight. (2016泉州市) A. will watch B. was watching C. have watched,中 考 真 題,A,考 點(diǎn) 6 現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時(shí),1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法和構(gòu)成,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響和結(jié)果。如：Ive finished my homework，so Im watching TV now.,(2) 表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能延續(xù)下去。如：I have worked in the company for 10 years.,肯定句 主語(yǔ)+has/have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。如：She has already seen the movie.,否定句 主語(yǔ)+hasnt/havent+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。如： She hasnt seen the movie yet.,一般疑問(wèn)句 Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞, 如： Has she seen the movie yet？,特殊疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)詞+has/have+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞,如： How long have you worked in the company？,(1) already (肯定句句中)，yet (疑問(wèn)句或否定句句末)，ever (疑問(wèn)句句中)，never，just (2) so far (到目前為止)，in the last/past years (在過(guò)去的年里) (3) for+一段時(shí)間，for ten years，for an hour (4) since+ ago，since 10 years ago，since an hour ago since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，since last night，since 2013 since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句，since we last met，since he came here， ,標(biāo)志詞,2. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (詳見(jiàn) “第七章 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)”) 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，即不能與for或since短語(yǔ)連用，要把動(dòng)詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作適當(dāng)調(diào)整，如把短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： 誤：The old man died for 3 years./The old man died since 3 years ago. 正：The old man died 3 years ago. The old man has been dead for 3 years./The old man has been dead since 3 years ago.,(1) have been to意為 “去過(guò)”，常與表示次數(shù)的副詞連用。如：I have been to Australia a few times.,3. 重點(diǎn)區(qū)分：have been to，have gone to，have been in,(2) have gone to意為 “去了