lecture5連詞的翻譯.ppt

連詞的翻譯,注意：在翻譯連詞時(shí)，切忌按字面意思追逐字翻譯，一定要根據(jù)連詞前后文的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)翻譯： He has read widely, if superficially. 他閱讀范圍很廣，即使都是淺嘗則止。 Teachers said they had some difficulties adjusting to the informality of American schools after working in a country where students leap to attention when a teacher enters the room. 老師們說(shuō)他們難以適應(yīng)美國(guó)學(xué)校不拘小節(jié)的氛圍，因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)，老師一進(jìn)教室，學(xué)生馬上就打起了精神。,一 or 1.Or用語(yǔ)否定句中，提出兩種或多種事物時(shí)，與前面否定的關(guān)系是并列，追加或補(bǔ)充?？勺g為 “也不”。 He cant read or write. 他不會(huì)讀也不會(huì)寫(xiě)。 He chouldnt speak clearly or correctly. 他講得既不清楚又不正確。 2 or 表示否定的條件，相當(dāng)于if.not Make up your mind, or youll miss the chance. 3 當(dāng)or 連接的主語(yǔ)只有兩個(gè)時(shí)，or可譯為“不是就是”。 Mary or Tom is wrong.不是瑪麗錯(cuò)了就是湯姆錯(cuò)了,4 or 可以連接兩個(gè)詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)，表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系。 Walking or sleeping, she always has the question in her mind. （無(wú)論）吃飯睡覺(jué)，她總是想著這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 In or out ,a spoiled child is often naughty. 不管在家在外，一個(gè)被寵壞的孩子總是很調(diào)皮。,二 and 1 在nice(good,fine ,lovely)and +形容詞這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，nice 相當(dāng)于very. He looks nice and healthy. 他看上去很健康。 The grass is fine and tall. 草長(zhǎng)的高高的 2 and 有時(shí)可以構(gòu)成比喻 A false friend and a shadow attend only while the sun shines. 假朋友如同影子，只有太陽(yáng)照耀時(shí)才相隨。 Love and a cough cannot be hid. 愛(ài)情如同咳嗽，是藏不住的。,3 表示前后文邏輯關(guān)系（purpose ,cause ,condition, time ,apposition, concession) Rich and poor, all must drink.(concession) 不論窮富，人都要喝水。 Self-love is a cup without bottom,you might pour all the great lakes into it ,and not fill it up. (result) 自私是只沒(méi)底的杯子，把五湖之水傾倒進(jìn)去，也難以灌滿。,How can I leave home ,and my father is seriously ill.（time） 我父親病的這么重，這時(shí)候我怎么能離家呢？ Aluminum is used as the engineering material for planes and spaceships and it is both light and tough.(cause) 因?yàn)殇X質(zhì)地輕，韌性強(qiáng)，所以用作飛機(jī)和宇宙飛船材料。,三 before 1 before用以表達(dá)動(dòng)作前后關(guān)系，語(yǔ)義上有否定含義。表示“未來(lái)得及就” . The day began to break before we got to the hill top. 我們還沒(méi)到山頂，天就開(kāi)始亮了。 Before I could say a single word, he ran away 。 我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)一句話，他就跑了。,2 在否定句中，before 可以和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，可譯為“不到不“。 We will not begin the match before the downpour stops. 大雨不停我們不開(kāi)始比賽。 People do not know the value of health until they lose it. 人在失去健康時(shí)才知健康之可貴。 3 在before從句 有know,relize,understand 等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可譯為“不知不覺(jué)就”. A month passed before he know it. 又不知不覺(jué)過(guò)了一個(gè)月。 She fell off the boat into the river before she knew it. 她還沒(méi)弄清楚怎么回事就從船上掉進(jìn)了河里。,四 since Since 引導(dǎo)的從句用狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，since從句有時(shí)含有否定意味。 I havent seen him since we were at school together. 自從我們離開(kāi)學(xué)校不在一起以來(lái)，我們一直沒(méi)有看到過(guò)他。 How long is it since you were in London? 你離開(kāi)倫敦有多久了？,五 When 當(dāng)連詞when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可譯為： A. .時(shí) When he listens to music,he falls asleep. 他聽(tīng)音樂(lè)的時(shí)候，總要睡覺(jué)。 Be careful when you are crossing the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。 B when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作時(shí)可以譯為“之后” Ill go when Ive had dinner. 吃過(guò)晚飯之后，我就去。,You can go home when the work is done. 工作結(jié)束之后，你就可以回家了。 C when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后時(shí)，when 相當(dāng)于and then 的意思。 I had been puzzling over the problem for over an hour without any result, when all at once the solution flashed across my mind. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題把我難住了一個(gè)多小時(shí)，后來(lái)我突然找到了答案。,We played outside till sunset,when it began to rain. 我們?cè)趹敉庖恢蓖娴教?yáng)下山，那時(shí)天下起雨來(lái)。 When 引導(dǎo)讓步與條件從句的譯法 譯為“雖然，盡管，如果就” They built the bridge in three months when everyone thought it would take a year. 他們用三個(gè)月就把這座橋建成了，可那時(shí)候大家認(rèn)為需要一年時(shí)間。,We have only three books when we need five. 我們需要五本書(shū)，可我們只有三本。 I cant tell you anything when you wont listen. 如果你不想聽(tīng)，我就什么也不能對(duì)你講了。 How convince him when he will not listen? 如果他不聽(tīng)勸告，怎么才能說(shuō)服他呢？,六 unless 1 unless (如果不）=if.not If you dont change your mind, I wont be able to help you .=Unless you 但當(dāng)unless引出分詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，除外。 Unless paying by credit card ,please pay in cash. 2 unless 表示例外的情況，譯為“除非”。 We had no snow this winter ,unless in the mountain districts.,比較： I couldnt have got to London in time unless Id had a helicopter. I couldnt have got to London in time if Id not had a helicopter.,七 until 句子肯定句時(shí)，可以譯為“一直到為止” 。句子否定式時(shí)，可以譯為“直到，才” 。 She slept till nine. She didnt sleep till nine. People had no idea of radioactivity until Curie discovered radium. 直到居里發(fā)現(xiàn)鐳，人們才了解放射性。,注意：比較下列兩組句子： I didnt go to bed before midnight. 我不曾在半夜以前就寢。（半夜或半夜以后就寢） I didnt got to bed until midnight. 我到半夜才就寢。,八 what What +名詞 （關(guān)系代詞=all the that) I gave him what little money I had. 我把我身上僅有的錢(qián)給他了。 She waited with what patience she could command. 她竭力忍耐在等待。,練習(xí),I will use what influence I have with the minister in your behalf. 我當(dāng)竭盡全力為君向部長(zhǎng)推薦。 I have come to render what service is in my power. 我特來(lái)效勞。,What 作為副詞 What with an