中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解課件代詞.ppt

中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,代詞,英語(yǔ)的2/3,Between兩者之間 Onethe other一個(gè)另一個(gè) Both兩者都(both sides) Either兩者中任何一個(gè)(either side) Neither (兩者中任何一個(gè)也不) Each other彼此,Among三者之間 Another另一個(gè) All所有 Each每個(gè)-none任何一個(gè)都不 Nor所有都不 One another 彼此,1 . Some of you will water the flowers,_ will clean the classroom. A. other B. the others C. another D. others B考點(diǎn)分析: 1. Others =other+ ns. 其他的. 例:would you like other books? 2. The others=the other+ ns. 指兩大類(lèi)中的其中一類(lèi).請(qǐng)聯(lián)系(onethe other理解) 3. Another 三者中的任何一個(gè)(無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)) 2 . There are not _ buses in the street. A. any B. some C. much D. little A考點(diǎn)分析: 當(dāng)表示一些時(shí):Any 用在否定/疑問(wèn)句 當(dāng)表示一些時(shí):some用于陳述句. (但是表示征求意見(jiàn)除外) 例: can I borrow some books from you?,3. The question is so difficult that _ students can answer it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little C考點(diǎn)分析: few./little; a few/a little的區(qū)別 Sothat從句.如此以至于 4 . Can you give me _ink? -certainly A. any B. some C. much D. many B考點(diǎn)分析: 訊問(wèn)用some(詳見(jiàn)2題),5 . She has two brothers._ of them is a teacher. A. every B. both C. neither D. nor C考點(diǎn)分析:常考題,易錯(cuò)題 沒(méi)有every of的用法 Both of them +are (both配復(fù)數(shù)) Neither of them+ is兩者中一個(gè)也沒(méi)有 (neither配單數(shù)) Either of them +is兩者中任何一個(gè)(either配單數(shù)) 沒(méi)有nor of 提問(wèn):能用either; each; all; none嗎? 6 . _ of them has a new watch. A. both B. each C. everyone D. all B考點(diǎn)分析: Each of them 三者以上其中任一個(gè),7. Is there _ in todays newspaper? A. new anything B. new nothing C. anything new D. something new C考點(diǎn)分析:常考題,易錯(cuò)題 Anything 用于否定/疑問(wèn)句 Something 用于肯定句 對(duì)Anything/something不定代詞的修飾后置. 8. Toms mother has one new coat and two old _. A. one B. ones C. ones D. them B考點(diǎn)分析:湯姆的媽媽有一個(gè)新外套和兩個(gè)舊外套 此題較少見(jiàn).請(qǐng)大家注意 One除了一個(gè)之外,還可以表示上面提到的.(請(qǐng)重點(diǎn)記憶) 8A. He lost his pen, I will buy _ for him. A. one B. it C. that D. ones,9 . She danced better than _ other girl in her class. A. some B. many C. any D. one C考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱},易錯(cuò)題 請(qǐng)大家背這兩個(gè)句型 Someone doesbetter than any other student Someone does.better than other students. 意思都是:某人做比班里其他同學(xué)好. 10. She speaks English better than _ else in her class. A. anyone B. each one C. other D. any other A考點(diǎn)分析: Else 其他的 此詞常用在不定代詞(anyone, someone, nowhere等) 和疑問(wèn)代詞(whoever; whatever),11 . -Have _ piece of bread, please? -Thank you. I am quite full. A. other B. another C. several D. some B考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱}, 見(jiàn)到詢(xún)問(wèn)別人再來(lái)一塊/杯等,就記 would you like another cake/cup? 12 . About twenty of the students went abroad. -Oh, what about _? A. others B. the others C. the other D. another B考點(diǎn)分析: 分兩批,一批去國(guó)外, 另外一批(符合兩類(lèi);復(fù)數(shù)),13 . They didnt get as _ information as you did. A. many B. much C. more D. worse B考點(diǎn)分析:同級(jí)比較的擴(kuò)展 Asas像一樣(中間配原型) Information信息(不可數(shù)) 不要和 asas sb can 混淆(盡某人全力) 14 . There are trees on _ sides of the river. A. both B. either C. each D. every A考點(diǎn)分析: Both sides Both 擴(kuò)展: both sides (both+ ns) ;both of them (both of+代詞) Either side 提問(wèn)each 為何錯(cuò)?,15 . As a teacher, I know _. A. all them B. them all C. all they D. them of all B考點(diǎn)分析:死背 Them all (all放于代詞后) 作為一個(gè)老師,我了解他們所有 16 . There are not _ vegetables in my bowl, but there is _ chicken in it. A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some B考點(diǎn)分析: Any 疑問(wèn); some 陳述,17 . _ is very kind of you to help me. A. This B. That C. There D. It D考點(diǎn)分析:常考題,易錯(cuò)題 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 it is for sb to It is to do 特例: It is kind/nice of you to help me. There be 句型+n 18 . You two should help_. A. each other B. to one another C. that D. this A考點(diǎn)分析: Each other彼此,19 . There is a glass of water. Please pass_ to me. A. it B. one C. that D. this A考點(diǎn)分析: 提問(wèn): 此題怎么改能用 one? 20. This new book doesnt belong to _. A. my B. mine C. me D. my own C考點(diǎn)分析: Sth belong to sb 某物屬于某人 Sb要用賓格,21 . Do you think her T-shirt is more beautiful than_? A. me B. my C. mine D. I C考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱},易錯(cuò)題 你認(rèn)為她的T-shirt比我的更漂亮嗎? 從翻譯中我們可以看出,比較的是襯衫,mine=my shirt所以選C 22 . You always study harder than _. You can do with it better than _ do A. me, me B. I , me C. me, I D. I, mine C考點(diǎn)分析: 第一句缺賓語(yǔ) 第二句缺主語(yǔ),23 . _ will all go swimming this afternoon. A. We, you and they B. You, we and they C. We, they and you D. They, you and we A考點(diǎn)分析: 復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)順序?yàn)?“一二三” 單數(shù)人稱(chēng)順序?yàn)?“二三一” 24. Smith and Black had a picnic with a couple of friends of _ yesterday. A. their B. theirs C. his D. them B考點(diǎn)分析: 史和布和他們的朋友中的兩個(gè)昨天去野營(yíng). A couple of friends of theirs= a couple of their friends 死背 翻譯:我的學(xué)生中的一些會(huì)成功,他們中的一個(gè)會(huì)成為明星 A few of students of mine will be successful, and one of them will be a star,25 . To _ surprise, what_ said is the same as_. A. my, he, our B. me, his, ours C. my, he, ours D. me, him, our C考點(diǎn)分析: 出乎我的意料,他所說(shuō)的和我們所說(shuō)的一樣 To ones surprise. -見(jiàn)到詞組中的ones ,都要用定語(yǔ)類(lèi)人稱(chēng)詞. What he said 是主語(yǔ)從句,此從句缺主語(yǔ),所以填he 26. A friend of _ came to our school and gave a talk. A. my B. his C. her D. your B考點(diǎn)分析: 詳見(jiàn)24題. Imine; weours; youyours; hehis; shehers; itits; theytheirs,27. Everyone should care for_ own health. A. his B. her C. theirs D. its A考點(diǎn)分析: 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)在乎他自己的身體. Everyone單數(shù),-決定其后a/b/d Everyone -搭配his ; 28. “Help _ to some chicken.” said the host to me. A. yourself B. you C. yours D. yourselves A考點(diǎn)分析: Help yourself請(qǐng)自便,29 . The kid can dress_ when he gets up. A. him B. his C. He D. himself D考點(diǎn)分析: Sb be dressed in+服裝= sb wear 服裝 Sb dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服 30. Someone is behind the tree, _? A. what is it B. who is it C. who are you D. which one is it B考點(diǎn)分析: 當(dāng)不清楚性別時(shí), 某人用 “who is it?” 而不說(shuō)who are you? 打電話(huà)/應(yīng)門(mén)類(lèi)中的 “你是誰(shuí)”. who is that? 不要混淆.,31 . I think _ easy to help you with your Chinese A. it B. one C. that D. this A考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱},易錯(cuò)題 I think it easy to do單句,(有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似強(qiáng)調(diào)句) I think that it is easy for me to do復(fù)句(劃線部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句) I think it easy to help you.我認(rèn)為幫你很容易 I think that it is easy for me to help you. 32. The price of a bike is higher than _ of a watch. A. it B. price C. any D. that D考點(diǎn)分析: 這個(gè)車(chē)的價(jià)格比那個(gè)手表(的價(jià)格)高. That of a watch代替了 the price of a watch,避免重復(fù) It of a watch是錯(cuò)誤的, 沒(méi)有 it of的用法,33 . This is Jane speaking. Whos _? A. you B. that C. he D. it B考點(diǎn)分析: 電話(huà)用語(yǔ), 你是誰(shuí)-who is that? 不確定性別的某人; 有個(gè)人,是誰(shuí)?- who is it? 詳見(jiàn)30題 34. I have never met_ a person. A. such B. that C. this D. it A考點(diǎn)分析: 我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)如此的一個(gè)人. 提問(wèn):能用so嗎?,人稱(chēng)代詞歸類(lèi),I - me- my- mine-myself Weus-our- ours- ourselves Youyou-your- yours-yourself/ yourselves He - him-his- his- himself She her -her- hers - herself It - it- its- its- itself Theythem-their theirs themselves,不定代詞,Someone Some place/time/body/one/thing Any Every No Someplace new Someplace else new,Onethe other一個(gè)另一個(gè)-another: 前提: 單數(shù) 二/三 I have two pens, one is mine, the other is hers I have 3 pens, one is mine, one is hers, another is hers,Others=other+ns,前提:多方 有很多人打架,一些人在圍觀,其他人在幫忙 有兩幫人在打架,一幫在跑,一幫在砍 Many men are fighting. Some are watching. Other men are helping Some=some men Others=other men,Onesthe others-others,【考點(diǎn)直擊】 1. 人稱(chēng)代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法； 2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法； 3.反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法； 4.常見(jiàn)不定代詞的一般用法； 5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法； 6. 相互代詞的基本用法； 7. 疑問(wèn)代詞的基本用法。 8. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。,代 詞,一、1. 定義：代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語(yǔ)、不定式、V-ing形式、從句或句子的詞。 2. 分類(lèi)：大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。,二、 人稱(chēng)代詞 1. 概念與形式 ：人稱(chēng)代詞是表示“我(們)”、“你(們)”、“他、她(們)”、“它(們)”的詞。人稱(chēng)代詞不僅可以指認(rèn)，也可指物，有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的變化。,數(shù),格,人 稱(chēng),2. 功能：人稱(chēng)代詞有主格和賓格之分。主格形式在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分，賓格形式在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，有時(shí)也作表語(yǔ)。如： I like table tennis. Do you know him? -Who is knocking at the door? -Its I/me. 注：人稱(chēng)代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如： He is older than me. He is older than I am. Miss Lin taughter her an English song.,I主格, 作主語(yǔ),him賓格, 作賓語(yǔ),I/me作表語(yǔ),在口語(yǔ)中作表語(yǔ)常用代詞賓格,her賓格, 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),Dont worry about me! I can look after it well. We, us three will be able to finish the work. 3. 用法： it的用法：A: 人稱(chēng)代詞it的用法 it作人稱(chēng)代詞代替人或事物。it一般指人以外的一切生物或事物, 有時(shí)也指嬰兒或不知性別的人。,me,it是賓格, 作介詞的about、after的賓語(yǔ),us是賓格, 作we的同位語(yǔ),I have a lovely cat. I like it very much. English is very useful. It is my favorite subject. The baby is crying. It might be hungry. Someone is ringing. Who might it be?,it指動(dòng)物,it指事物,it指嬰兒,it指不知性別的人,B: 非人稱(chēng)代詞it的用法 it用作無(wú)人稱(chēng)的主語(yǔ)，不指物，而指時(shí)間、天氣、季節(jié)、距離、溫度或事物的狀態(tài)。It還可以指代上文提到的事情，還可指代短語(yǔ)或句子。 It is about five kilometers from here. Its 9:00pm. I must go. How windy it is today! Professor Lee gave us a lecture yesterday. It was interesting.,it指距離,it指時(shí)間,it指天氣,C: 指示代詞it的用法 用于“it is/was+表語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu) - Who is there downstairs? - Its the postman. - Who is there talking? - Its your father. 指代this或that Whats that on the desk? I guess it might be robot. This is your plan,isnt it?,D: 形式代詞it的用法 形式代詞可代替句子中的不定式、V-ing形式、從句等，作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)等,it無(wú)意義。 it作形式主語(yǔ) 代替不定式即用于“Its + adj + to do sth”句型中。 Its very nice of you to help me. 代替V-ing形式 Its great fun climbing mountains.,常用it代替V-ing形式的結(jié)構(gòu) It is no use doing sth. 做沒(méi)用 It is not any use doing sth. 做沒(méi)用 It is no good doing sth. 做沒(méi)好處 It is not any good doing sth. 做沒(méi)好處 It is no need doing sth. 做沒(méi)必要 It is fun doing sth. 做有趣 代替that從句 It is a fact that population is still increasing. It turns out that were going to have another busy day.,常用it代替that從句的結(jié)構(gòu) It is a good thing that 是好事情 It is a good news that 是好消息 It is obvious that 很明顯 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 很重要 It is strange that 很奇怪 It is surprising that 令人驚訝 It is likely/possible that 很可能 It is well-known that 眾所周知,It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō) It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is recorded that 據(jù)記載 It is suggested that 有人提議 It is ordered that 根據(jù)命令 It turns out that 結(jié)果是 It should be noted that 應(yīng)注意 It has been proved that 已證明 It has worked out that 結(jié)果是 It seems/appears that 好像 It happened that 碰巧,it作形式賓語(yǔ) I find it hard to learn maths. I believe it no use reading without understanding. 常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 believe guess suppose think feel find discover notice make,E: 常用固定句型 It is/has been+時(shí)間+since 此句型表示“從以來(lái)有”, since后常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 It is/has been years since we parted in the college. Its time to do sth/for sth 到了該做某事的時(shí)間了 Its time to go to school/for school.,多個(gè)人稱(chēng)代詞并列時(shí),順序?yàn)? 單數(shù):二,三,一(you,he/she(him/her) and I(me) 復(fù)數(shù):一,二,三(we(us), you(you) and they(them) 如果男女并列時(shí)，應(yīng)先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，單數(shù)時(shí)用，I, he, she, you, 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用they, you, we. 注:若把錯(cuò)誤責(zé)任擔(dān),第一人稱(chēng)最當(dāng)先,(即若做錯(cuò)事時(shí),把第一人稱(chēng)放在最前面.),例如： She and I have been to Beijing. Who broke the window? I and Mike. You,he,and I are of the same age. I, he and you have to pay for it. We,you and they should return on time.,三、物主代詞,1. 概念與形式 ：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。,2. 作用和用法：形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（theirs相當(dāng)于their school,作主語(yǔ)） - Is this English-book yours? - No. Mine is in my bag. （yours相當(dāng)于your English-book,作表語(yǔ);mine相當(dāng)于my English-book,作主語(yǔ) ）,Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （yours相當(dāng)于your homework,作賓語(yǔ)） 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，名詞是單數(shù)，名詞性物主代詞為單數(shù)，反之為復(fù)數(shù)。 特定人的不特定的所有關(guān)系 雙重所有格帶有s所有格的名詞，必須是一個(gè)明確限定的指人的名詞，同時(shí)of前面的名詞必須不確指。 a cousin of my fathers 我父親的一個(gè)堂兄(弟) several friends of mine 我的幾個(gè)朋友,物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置，修飾一個(gè)名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。 公式為： a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如： a friend of mine. each brother of his. a friend of hers/his/theirs/ours = one of his friends 她(他、他們、我們)的一個(gè)朋友 the watch of hers= one of her watches,四、指示代詞,1. 概念與形式 ：用來(lái)指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代詞。表示“那個(gè)”、“這個(gè)”、“那些”、“這些”包括：this，that，these，those。 2. 作用和用法：A: this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人; that和those 則指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time,B: 有時(shí)that和those代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以避免重復(fù)。 that代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞。this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。例如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this:pronunciation is very important in learning English Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai C: this在電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中代表自己, that 則代表對(duì)方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?,五、反身代詞,1. 概念與形式 ：表示“我(們)自己”，“你(們)自己”，“他(她、它)(們)自己”的代詞稱(chēng)為反身代詞也叫自身代詞。,2. 作用和用法：反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。 A: 作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或一些人。有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fish. He called himself a writer 注: 有些動(dòng)詞后不跟反身代詞, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。 Please sit down.,在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下，but, except, for 等介詞后賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格均可。 如：No one but myself (me) is hurt. 注意: a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。 (錯(cuò)) Myself drove the car. (對(duì)) I myself drove the car. 我自己開(kāi)車(chē)。 b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語(yǔ)中，第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)可用反身代詞，特別是myself 作主語(yǔ)。 Charles and myself saw it. B: 作表語(yǔ)。 It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon The girl in the news is myself,C: 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)） You should ask the teacher himself（作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)） D: 反身代詞常和for,of,in,by等介詞搭配，構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)。 for oneself 親自 of oneself 自動(dòng) in oneself 本身固有 by oneself 獨(dú)自 Think for yourself and youll get the answer. The computer can shut off of itself. You shouldnt leave the child by himself at home.,六、 不定代詞,1. 概念與形式：不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，不定代詞除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞，也可用作形容詞。every和no在句中只能作定語(yǔ)。且不定代詞沒(méi)有主格、賓格之分，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。 I have no idea about it.,二三問(wèn)題,二 both, between, either, neither, onethe other;,三 All Among Each None Another,other,一: other+ns= others 從詞性上說(shuō), other （形容詞，代詞) Someothers 二：Onethe other-onesthe others 三: another 有復(fù)數(shù)嗎？ 三單 當(dāng)任何表示意愿類(lèi)時(shí)，只用another Can/ may/ Would you like Would you mind Would you please do How about/ what about doing? Why not Let us 擴(kuò)展復(fù)數(shù) another two= two more,不定代詞,不定代詞后置修飾 不定代詞的其他 someone else 不定代詞表其他時(shí)的修飾 例其他的某人陌生人 Someone else strange,1. some與any的區(qū)別,1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?,3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。,2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別,1）用作形容詞：,含義,用法,Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí)) She slept very little last night.,3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。,1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.,3）other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some , others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.,4. every與each的區(qū)別。,The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 當(dāng)我們說(shuō)each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說(shuō)every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.,5. all和both的用法,1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。all of/both of后為名詞時(shí), of可省略, 但為賓格代詞時(shí)不可省略。 All of us like Mr Pope. (作主語(yǔ)) = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語(yǔ)) Thats all for today. (作表語(yǔ)) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ)) All the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ)) All(of) the people here love peace.,all 的主謂一致：all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定指事物的整體或抽象概念時(shí)當(dāng)做單數(shù)，指人時(shí)當(dāng)做復(fù)數(shù)。 All goes well. 一切進(jìn)展得很好。 all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，如：不說(shuō) all the book，而說(shuō) the whole book。 但all可與表時(shí)間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但習(xí)慣上不說(shuō) all hour，all century。 all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用，如 all China，all the city，all my life，all the way,2）both作代詞。 與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個(gè)都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting.,單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.,6. neither 兩者都不 a.neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 b. 作定語(yǔ)與單數(shù)名詞連用，但neither nor 用作并列連詞，可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語(yǔ)采用就近原則。 c.可用于下列句型，避免重復(fù)。 She cant sing，neither (can) he. neither 與nor d.如前句是否定式從句，則主句用neither，而不用 nor。 If you dont do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。 e. 如后連續(xù)有幾個(gè)否定句式，則用nor，不用neither。 He cant sing，nor dance，nor skate.,7. none, few, some, any, one, ones none 無(wú) 1) none作主語(yǔ)，多與of 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) none of。 在答語(yǔ)中，none可單獨(dú)使用。 Are there any pictures on the wall? None. 2) none作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。但如做表語(yǔ)，則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語(yǔ)一致。 It is none