電牽引采煤機(jī)的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)現(xiàn)外文翻譯/中英文翻譯/外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

英文原文  The Technical Situation and Development Trend of Electrical Haulage Shearers Abstract：  In this paper， the technical development history and technical situation of electrical haulage shearersfor thin seam of China are reviewed， and the main technical parameters， general structure， serialization anddevelopment trend of such sheares are introduced  Keywords：  thin seam； shearer； electrical haulage； multi motor driving； transverse arrangement German Eickhoff company and American JOY company, the mid 70's in 20 centuries develops a direct current to lead to adopt coal machine one after another.Henceforth, each mainly adopted coal machine a research a manufacturing a company to all lead to adopt coal machine to carry on to the electricity in the world a great deal of of study a development.80The age expected to appear alternate current to lead to adopt coal machine behind.90Age, the big power electricity which develops to gather electronics, micro-electronics, information management and calculator intelligence technique in the integral whole leads to adopt coal machine, like the LS series of American JOY company, British Long-Airdox the Electra, SL series of the company, the EDW, SL series of German Eickhof company, three wells in Japan three pond creation the MCLE-DR of series etc. the electricity lead to adopt coal machine.The electricity leads to adopt coal machine good and dependable sex with its function parameter Gao, automation degree Gao, operation convenience, supervision protection and examination the function perfect and economic performance Gao Deng3's advantage be quickly expanded an usage. 1 The foreign electricity leads long to adopt the coal machine development general situation 1.1German Eickhof company After 1976 developped successful direct current to lead to adopt coal machine, it was basic to stopped a liquid to press to lead a development research of adopt the coal machine and continuously developped various form electricities to lead to adopt coal machine.90The SL series that the age develop is horizontal to arrange the alternate current lead to adopt coal machine, cut to mow electrical engineering to arrange in shaking arm.Among them, the S type electricity leads to adopt coal machine to pack machine power to reach to one 580 kWs, biggest lead dint 998 LSOkNs.SL300 type electricity leads to adopt coal machine to always pack machine power one 018 kWs, the adoption double change once the Pin machine drag along one system, biggest lead speed to reach to 54.5 ms/rai system the system have to hand over with each other a type a person the machine dialogue, equipments healthily forecasts, the on-line control, data deliver etc. function. 1.2 :British Long-Airdox company After 1984 developped success the first set cut to mow electrical engineering to arrange at many decorations with horizontal electrical engineerings of shake the arms get Electra550 type direct current led to adopt coal machine, at its foundation top enlargement power, and then develop into an Electra1000 type direct current to lead to adopt coal machine.90Age, on the model foundation of the Electra series, enlargement power, the improvement controls system, developped EL series alternate current to lead to adopt coal machine and the main model contains EL600, EL1000, EL1500, EL3000 type.At EL series model up equip of the Impact integrate protection and supervise and control system and have burden to control, machine supervision, adopt coal machine to automatically position, automatically key up, district control, the intelligence turn safe catena and random break down diagnosis, data to deliver etc. function. 1.3American JOY company 2070's in century's developping successfully a 1 ls many electrical engineerings is successfullyhorizontal to arrange the direct current after lead adopt coal machine continuously developped a 2 IS ISs-7s again etc. type many electrical engineerings are horizontal to arrange the direct current lead to adopt coal machine.71.55 adopt the coal machine total power one 940 kWs, lead the speed 30 ms/min.Adopt a strong dint sells a track to have no chain to lead system, the enlargement chain track stanza is apart from with width, and adopt a forging to sell a row；Equip and 6 LS5 type the in general use JNA machine carry calculator information center and have person's machine communication interface, break down diagnosis sketch to show and store, wireless control from a distance, lead functions such as control and protection etc. 1.4 Japan 1987The year continuously develops to succeed various series alternate current of the MCLE-DR which mow electrical engineering to lengthways set outs to lead to adopt coal machine behind and developped to cut many electrical engineering alternate currents of mow the electrical engineering horizontal decorations to lead to adopt coal machine again for the last few years.Adopt the coal machine has tiny machine work condition a monitor and breaks down diagnosis system, can the numerical manifestation lead speed, roller position, stay a bottom coal thickness, electrical engineering load and everywhere temperature, have wireless remote control, and can add infrared ray shoot the machine manipulate a liquid to press a support. 1.5 Poland the KOMAG mine for minerals a mechanization research center Poland continuously developped KSE in developping successful KSE a 344 thin coal seam alternate currents with Chinese cooperation to lead foundation of adopt the coal machine a 360, KSE a 700, KSE one 800 RWs/2 BPs, KSE a 535 Ss/2 BPs, KSE1000 type etc. alternate current lead to adopt coal machine.Adopt the coal machine cuts deeply from 630171111 raise 800-1000 mms. 1.6 Russia The former Soviet Union 70's in 20 centuries develops a K128 Is-Is.The direct current after lead adopt coal machine develops to succeed various direct currents to lead to adopt coal machine one after another again.9The age of the o developped K a 8 etc. alternate currents to lead to adopt coal machine.Every consider, the electricity of Russia leads to adopt coal machine power smaller, the direct current lead and the function parameter is lower. 2 The local electricity leads to adopt the coal machine development general situation In recent years.The our country electricity led to adopt develop of coal machine to obtain a substantial progress with development, carry on two developments in digesting to absorb abroad to usher in to adopt the coal machine technical foundation and owned many have an independent intelligent property right of change a product, at our country coal mine comprehensive the mechanization adopt coal work noodles, coal science studies total Shanghai branch in the hospital and Poland cooperates, after the local initiative develop successful our country's first adoption exchanges change Pin adjust soon technical thin coal seam to climb scaleboard to adopt coal machine, branch in Shanghai again successively develop succeed cut to mow the alternate current that the electrical engineering lengthways sets out to lead to adopt coal machine and cut to mow electrical engineering horizontal set out of be applicable to in thick with the alternate current of thinner coal seam lead to adopt coal machine, and succeed applied at the Jin city, Huai south, Xu2 Zhou, big equal mineral duty bureau. 3 Technique characteristics and develop trend 3.1 pack machine power to enlarge.The function parameter raise (1)The single set piece mows electrical engineering power all in the 400 kWs above.The most adopts the coal machine single set piece to mow electrical engineering power to already arrive 6 OO kW, the 7 LS5s adopts the coal machine single set piece to mow electrical engineering power to be up to 750 kWs. (2)Lead power all above in the 80 kWs, biggest already 220 kWs. (3)Always pack machine power more than one 000 kWs, reach to one 94 OkWs such as the 7 LS5s, the EL3000 always packs machine power as tallest as 2000 kWs. (4)Lead speed and lead dint to significantly raise.Lead the speed l 5-25 ms/min, lead the dint 500 kNs above.Biggest lead speed 54.5 ms/rain(SL300), biggest lead dint 998 kNs. (5)Cut to mow power aggrandizement, the support random pays to protect of realization, the enlargement roller cuts deeply.The l is 0 year agos and cut deeply mostly is a 630-700 Inll1s, widespread now adopt 1000-1200 Zis to cut deeply, separately attain 1500 Infnses to cut deeply. (6)The exaltation adopts the coal machine credibility with can utilization.The abroad adopts coal machine a dollar a parts a design life span:The wheel gear 12500 hs, the bearings is 20000-30000 hses, the electrical engineering insulates the life span 44000 hs, and the roller adopts coal 640,000 ts.Adopt coal machine to greatly fix a period for 2 years, the coal measure 300-5,000,000 ts.Our country requests that adopting coal machine coal measures a 150-2,000,000 ts but not and greatly fixs, the margin is very big. 3.2 medium high pressure power supplies Along with adopt coal machine to pack the machine power significant exaltation, the work noodles continuously lengthens, the whole work noodles capacity works over the 5000 kWs the noodles length attain 300 ms.In order to reduce power line road to exhaust, quality and electrical engineering function of the exaltation power supply, high pressure power supply in the widespread adoption.The main power supply grade has a 2300, 3300, 4160 and 5000 V etc. 3.3 supervisions protection system intelligence turn The modern electricity leads to adopt the intelligence that the coal machine all has establishment in the microprocessor foundation to turn supervision, monitor and protection system, can carry out to hand over with each other type person machine dialogue, wireless control from a distance, the work condition monitor and appearance show, the data collect to save and deliver, health(break down) diagnosis and with early warning, auto control, automatically key up etc. various functions, adopt the coal machine maintenance quantity least by assurance, the utilization is the tallest, and can carry out to press a support with liquid and work the noodles transport the information of machine to hand over with each other with allied move a control etc. function.Such as Anne virtuous Sen company EL series the model up equips Impac:The t integrates protection and supervision system, the Eichhof of the Eichhof company a data gathers together technique system, the JOY company 6 LS type the electricity lead the JNA network information center of adopt the coal machine etc. Supervise and control protection system intelligence to turn main function: (1)Load the control passes the monitor that the piece mows electrical engineering electric current, adjust to adopt lead of coal machine speed and make to adopt coal machine under the different work condition with superior turn of the parameter carry on a work and promise to spread to move system to don't easily be continuously pounded at influence； (2)Work noodles fixed position control's identifying to adopt coal machine is work the position of noodles, automatically decelerate in the machine head, machine tail with stop, match with a realization auto with support to random move； (3)Transport machine with work noodles allied machine burden the control pass a burden monitor of transport the machine to regulate to adopt the adopt of coal machine amount of coal and make to adopt coal machine and transport the production ability of machine to match mutually； (4)Automatically keying up a control will have the coal rock boundary of certain resolution to identify to spread a feeling machine to combine a calculator control and constitute a coal rock boundary to spread feeling device and coal rock boundary to identify system.Have already apply to physically or just be placed in research at the production currently with experiment the coal rock of stage identify a method and analytical the system mainly have:Remember the intelligence distance control, the analytical and natural D of the vibration frequency chart shoot line, measure dint to cut Chi, radioisotope, Zao voice the infrared ray, radar probe into etc.Remember an intelligence distance to control a coal rock boundary to identify and control system among them an application at most is what foreign main model adopt to automatically key up a technique currently in actually the production.But radar's probing into a technique to be think be a kind of coal rock boundary which have application foreground most Identify a method； (5)Circulate appearance supervision and manifestation adopts coal machine a data to collect system Can collect machine parameter:If the Eickhof company SL series adopts coal machine a material to have MICOS68 mineralses to use tiny machine system, main course 10 single submenus include to adopt coal luck to go appearance；Automatically manipulate；Cut to mow a parameter；Lead a parameter, liquid presses system parameter, each examination to order temperature, each electric motor electric current；Water measure, water pressure；Control system soft, hardware model number；Diagnosis, early warning(password) etc., the most protection item can hand over a way to with each other shield through person's machine； (6)The data deliver, agreeable slot control and ground supervision's adopting the coal machine long range communication and work noodles concentration a control technique be the marking of modern mineral well. (7)Expert system and breakdown diagnose data and information from the examination and movement parameter of the supervision, function with former machine maintenance, usage the circumstance carry on a comparison, carry on diagnosis to the healthy movement of machine, can also to particular mistake and recommend the project provide risk valuation. 3.4 electricities lead system to adjust to soon develop toward the exchanges The electricity leads to adopt a lead of coal machine's method to press the type of lead the electrical engineering and can is divided into direct current to lead and communicates to lead.The electricity in earlier period leads to adopt coal machine to mostly adopt direct current to adjust soon system.Develop success from the mid 80's of Japan 20 centuries the first set alternate current lead to adopt coal machine and communicate that adjusting soon system is advanced with its technique, dependable sex Gao, the maintenance manage in brief, the price cheap etc. advantage, drive quick expansion application.9The big power electricity expected to develop behind in the age of the o lead 3.6 have no chain to lead toward the wheel gear one Chi track the type turn into Along with lead continuously enlarge of the dint, sell a round one Chi track type's having no chain to lead have already eliminate, wheel gear one chain track type's having no chain to lead have already not much use as well, now adopt coal machine have no the chain lead to just and gradually incline toward adoption wheel gear one Chi track type have no the chain lead, this is 1 kind from the wheel gear on selling a track type to turn in to since then have no chain to lead structure, cylinder's sell is replace by the Chi track and weld structure to change whole nicety cast or forge, the width enlarge, the stanza is apart from to increase tofrom the 125 mms l 75 mms. 4 The local electricity leads to adopt the coal machine research contents The local electricity leads to adopt coal machine a representative model and foreign electricity to lead to adopt coal machine to compare and have already near in the total parameter function foreign 20 centuries age initial stage of 9 o level.But some key partses and it the total function, function, orientation scope.etc. still treat further perfect with raise.Particularly on-line work condition monitor, breakdown diagnosis and forecast, the signal deliver and adopt coal machine to automatically control, spread a feeling machine etc. the intelligence turn technique and abroad to compare to still have a bigger margin. As a result the local electricity leads intelligence of adopt the coal machine to turn degree low, the equipments credibility, safety with can support sex worse, the local electricity will lead to adopt coal machine from now on Main research contents is as follows: (1)Further perfect communicate with exaltation change the Pin adjust soon credibility of lead the system.The point is perfect and raises system device of anti- earthquake, spread hot and defend tide etc. function； (2)The research dependable tiny machine electricity controls system.Point is the exaltation adopts coal machine the electricity controls the system anti- interference, anti- hot effect of ability； (3)Development or to build up the electricity control the supervision function of system.Point is the research breaks down diagnosis and expert system, the works condition monitor, manifestation and information to deliver system and work the noodles adopt coal machine to automatically circulate control system and change from the orientation Pin electric circuit of electric leakage examination and protection technique, shake arm to automatically key up system etc.； (4)Development can the mineral of four quadrant movements use to communicate change the Pin adjust to soon equip.Make to adopt coal function to adapt the demand that bigger Qing Cape coal seam mine； (5)The development packs machine power to largerly adopt coal machine, the exaltation adopts coal machine can the research of utilization and life span； (6)The research that the electric appliances component is small scaled to turn.In order to packing machine power to enlarge, electric motor, transformer, change Pin machine etc. the physical volume of the equipments also corresponds aggrandizement, for satisfy whole the machine structure arrange tightly packed of request, have to study an equipments small scaled turn of technique path. 中文譯文  電牽引采煤機(jī)的 技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 現(xiàn)  摘  要 ：  本文介紹了我國(guó)薄煤層電牽引采煤機(jī)的技術(shù)發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀，重點(diǎn)介紹薄煤層電牽引采煤機(jī)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)、總體結(jié)構(gòu)、系列化及其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。  關(guān)鍵詞 ：  薄煤層；采煤機(jī)；電牽引；多電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)；橫向布置   德國(guó) Eickhoff 公司和美國(guó) JOY 公司， 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代中期相繼研制出直流電牽引采煤機(jī)。此后，世界上各主要采煤機(jī)研究制造公司均對(duì)電牽引采煤機(jī)進(jìn)行了大量的研究開(kāi)發(fā)。 80 年代后期出現(xiàn)了交流電牽引采煤機(jī)。 90 年代，開(kāi)發(fā)出集電子、微電子、信息管理以及計(jì)算機(jī)智能技術(shù)于一 體的大功率電牽引采煤機(jī)，如美國(guó) JOY 公司的 LS 系列、英國(guó) Long-Airdox 公司的 Electra、 SL 系列，德國(guó)Eickhof 公司的 EDW、 SL 系列，  日本三井三池制作所的 MCLE DR 系列等電牽引采煤機(jī)。電牽引采煤機(jī)以其性能參數(shù)優(yōu)良、可靠性高、自動(dòng)化程度高、操作方便、監(jiān)控保護(hù)及檢測(cè)功能完善、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被迅速推廣使用。  1 國(guó)外電牽采煤機(jī)發(fā)展概況  1.1 德國(guó) Eickhof 公司  自 1976 年研制成功直流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，基本停止了液壓牽引采煤機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā)研究，陸續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)了多種形式電牽引采煤機(jī)。 90 年代開(kāi)發(fā)的 SL 系列橫向布置交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，將截割電機(jī)布置在搖臂上。其中 S 型電牽引采煤機(jī)裝機(jī)功率達(dá) 1 580kW，最大牽引力 998LSOkN。 SL300 型電牽引采煤機(jī)總裝機(jī)功率 1 018 kW，采用雙變頻器一拖一系統(tǒng)，最大牽引速度達(dá) 54 5m rai 制系統(tǒng)具有交互式人機(jī)對(duì)話、設(shè)備健康預(yù)報(bào)、在線控制、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)裙δ堋? 1.2 ：英國(guó) Long Airdox 公司  自 1984 年研制成功第一臺(tái)將截割電機(jī)布置在搖臂上的多電機(jī)橫向布置得Electra550 型直流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，在其基礎(chǔ)上加大功率，又研制成Electra1000 型直流 電牽引采煤機(jī)。 90 年代，在 Electra 系列機(jī)型基礎(chǔ)上，加大功率，改進(jìn)控制系統(tǒng)，開(kāi)發(fā)了 EL 系列交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，主要機(jī)型有 EL600、EL1000、 EL1500、 EL3000 型。在 EL 系列機(jī)型上裝置的 Impact 集成保護(hù)及監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，具有負(fù)荷控制、機(jī)器監(jiān)控、采煤機(jī)自動(dòng)定位、自動(dòng)調(diào)高、區(qū)域控制、智能化安全連鎖、隨機(jī)故障診斷、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)裙δ堋? 1.3 美國(guó) JOY 公司  20 世紀(jì) 70 年代研制成功 1ls 多電機(jī)橫向布置直流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，又陸續(xù)研制了 2IS-7IS 等型多電機(jī)橫向布置直流電牽引采煤機(jī)。 71 55 采煤機(jī)總功率 1 940kW，  牽引速度 30m min。采用 JOYUltratmc2000 型強(qiáng)力銷(xiāo)軌無(wú)鏈牽引系統(tǒng)，加大鏈軌節(jié)距和寬度，并采用鍛造銷(xiāo)排；裝備了與 6LS5 型通用的 JNA 機(jī)載計(jì)算機(jī)信息中心，具有人機(jī)通訊界面、故障診斷圖形顯示和儲(chǔ)存、無(wú)線電遙控、牽引控制和保護(hù)等功能。  1.4 日本  1987年后陸續(xù)研制成功多種截割電機(jī)縱向布置的 MCLE DR系列交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，近幾年又開(kāi)發(fā)了截割電機(jī)橫向布置的多電機(jī)交流電牽引采煤機(jī)。采煤機(jī)裝有微機(jī)工況監(jiān)測(cè)及故障診斷系統(tǒng)，可數(shù)字顯示牽引速度、滾筒位置、留頂?shù)酌汉穸?、電機(jī)負(fù)載及各處溫 度，具有無(wú)線遙控，并可加裝紅外線發(fā)射器操縱液壓支架。  1 5 波蘭 KOMAG 采礦機(jī)械化研究中心  波蘭在與中國(guó)合作研制成功 KSE 一 344 型薄煤層交流電牽引采煤機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上，陸續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)了 KSE 一 360、 KSE 一 700、 KSE 一 800RW 2BP、 KSE 一 535S 2BP、 KSE1000型等交流電牽引采煤機(jī)。采煤機(jī)截深由 630 171111 提高到 800 1 000 mm. 1 6 俄羅斯  前蘇聯(lián) 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代研制出 K128I-I直流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，又相繼研制成功多種直流電牽引采煤機(jī)。 9o 年代開(kāi)發(fā)了 K 一 8 國(guó)型等交流 電牽引采煤機(jī)?？傮w來(lái)看，俄羅斯的電牽引采煤機(jī)功率較小，直流牽引，性能參數(shù)較低。  2 國(guó)內(nèi)電牽引采煤機(jī)發(fā)展概況  近年來(lái)。我國(guó)電牽引采煤機(jī)的研制和開(kāi)發(fā)取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，在消化吸收國(guó)外引進(jìn)采煤機(jī)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行二次開(kāi)發(fā)，擁有了許多具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的換代產(chǎn)品，在我國(guó)煤礦綜合機(jī)械化采煤工作面，國(guó)產(chǎn)采煤機(jī)已經(jīng)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，  完全采用國(guó)產(chǎn)裝備的高產(chǎn)高效工作面不斷涌現(xiàn)。 1991 年，煤炭科學(xué)研究總院上海分院與波蘭合作，在國(guó)內(nèi)率先研制成功我國(guó)第一臺(tái)采用交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的薄煤層爬底板采煤機(jī)后，上海分院又先后研制成功了截割電機(jī)縱 向布置的交流電牽引采煤機(jī)、截割電機(jī)橫向布置的適用于中厚和較薄煤層的交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，并成功應(yīng)用于晉城、淮南、徐州、大同等礦務(wù)局。  到目前為止，國(guó)內(nèi)各采煤機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家均對(duì)交流電牽引采煤機(jī)進(jìn)行了大量的研究開(kāi)發(fā)。上海分院研制的 MG 系列電牽引采煤機(jī)已形成 9 大系列共幾十個(gè)品種，現(xiàn)正在開(kāi)發(fā)裝機(jī)總功率達(dá) l 800 kW 的交流電牽引采煤機(jī)；  太原礦山機(jī)器廠與上海分院合作，  將 AM500 液壓牽引采煤機(jī)改造成 MG 375 830 一 WD 型交流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，  又與兗州礦業(yè)集團(tuán)合作，研制成功了 MGTY 400 900 3 3D 型交流電牽引采煤機(jī)；雞西煤機(jī)廠與上海分院合作將 MG2 300 一 W 型液壓牽引采煤機(jī)改造成 MG300  360 一 WD 型交流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，又開(kāi)發(fā)了 MG200 463 型、MG400 985 型交流電牽引采煤機(jī)；遼源煤機(jī)廠與邢臺(tái)礦業(yè)集團(tuán)合作研制成功我國(guó)首臺(tái)應(yīng)用電磁轉(zhuǎn)差離合器調(diào)速技術(shù)的 MG668 一 WD型電牽引采煤機(jī)；無(wú)錫采煤機(jī)廠與中合作，開(kāi)發(fā)研制成功國(guó)內(nèi)首臺(tái)應(yīng)用開(kāi)關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)調(diào)速紡機(jī)電研究所技術(shù)的 MG200 500 一 CD 型電牽引采煤機(jī)。  3 技術(shù)特點(diǎn)與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)  3 1 裝機(jī)功率增大。性能參數(shù)提高  (1)單臺(tái)截割電機(jī)功率均在 400 kW 以上。多數(shù)采煤機(jī)單臺(tái)截割電機(jī)功率已達(dá)到6OO kW， 7LS5 采煤機(jī)單臺(tái)截割電機(jī)功率高達(dá) 750 kW。  (2)牽引功率均在 80 kW 以上，最大已達(dá) 220 kW。  (3)總裝機(jī)功率超過(guò) 1 000 kW，如 7LS5 達(dá) 1 94OkW， EL3000 總裝機(jī)功率最高達(dá) 2 000 kW。  (4)牽引速度、牽引力大幅提高。牽引速度 l5 25m min，牽引力 500 kN 以上。最大牽引速度 54 5 m rain(SL300)，最大牽引力 998 kN。  (5)截割功率增大，支架隨機(jī)支護(hù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，加大滾筒截深。 l0 年 前，截深大多是630 700 Inll1，現(xiàn)普遍采用 1 000 1 200 眥截深，個(gè)別達(dá)到 1 500 Infn 截深。  (6)提高采煤機(jī)可靠性和可利用率。國(guó)外采煤機(jī)元部件設(shè)計(jì)壽命：齒輪 12500h，軸承 20 000 30000h，電機(jī)絕緣壽命 44000h，滾筒采煤 64 萬(wàn) t。采煤機(jī)大修周期 2 年，出煤量 300 500 萬(wàn) t。我國(guó)要求采煤機(jī)出煤量 150 200 萬(wàn) t 而不大修，差距很大。  3 2 中高壓供電  隨著采煤機(jī)裝機(jī)功率大幅度提高，  工作面不斷加長(zhǎng)，整個(gè)工作面容量超過(guò)5000kW，工作面長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到 300m。為減少輸電 線路損耗，提高供電質(zhì)量和電機(jī)性能，普遍采用中高壓供電。主要供電等級(jí)有 2300、 3300、 4160、 5000V 等。  3 3 監(jiān)控保護(hù)系統(tǒng)智能化  現(xiàn)代電牽引采煤機(jī)均裝有建立在微處理機(jī)基礎(chǔ)上的智能化監(jiān)控、監(jiān)測(cè)和保護(hù)系統(tǒng)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)交互式人機(jī)對(duì)話、無(wú)線電遙控、工況監(jiān)測(cè)及狀態(tài)顯示、數(shù)據(jù)采集存儲(chǔ)及傳輸、健康 (故障 )診斷及與預(yù)警、自動(dòng)控制、自動(dòng)調(diào)高等多種功能，以保證采煤機(jī)維護(hù)量最小，利用率最高，并可實(shí)現(xiàn)與液壓支架、工作面輸送機(jī)的信息交互和聯(lián)動(dòng)控制等功能。如安德森公司 EL 系列機(jī)型上裝置 Impac： t 集成保護(hù)與監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)， Eichhof 公司的 Eichhof 一數(shù)據(jù)匯集技術(shù)系統(tǒng)， JOY 公司 6LS 型電牽引采煤機(jī)的 JNA 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心等。  監(jiān)控保護(hù)系統(tǒng)智能化主要功能：  (1)負(fù)載控制通過(guò)截割電機(jī)電流的監(jiān)測(cè)，調(diào)整采煤機(jī)的牽引速度，使采煤機(jī)在不同工況下以最優(yōu)化的參數(shù)進(jìn)行工作，保證傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)不易受持續(xù)沖擊影響；  (2)工作面定位控制  識(shí)別采煤機(jī)在工作面的位置，在機(jī)頭、機(jī)尾自動(dòng)減速和停止，與支架配合實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)隨機(jī)移架；  (3)與工作面輸送機(jī)聯(lián)機(jī)負(fù)荷控制  通過(guò)輸送機(jī)的負(fù)荷監(jiān)測(cè)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)采煤機(jī)的采煤量，使采煤機(jī)和輸送機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力相匹配；  (4)自動(dòng)調(diào)高控制  將 具有一定分辨率的煤巖分界識(shí)別傳感器結(jié)合計(jì)算機(jī)控制，組成煤巖分界傳感裝置及煤巖分界識(shí)別系統(tǒng)。目前已應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際或正處于研究和試驗(yàn)階段的煤巖識(shí)別方法及分析系統(tǒng)主要有：記憶智能程控、振動(dòng)頻譜分析、天然丁射線、測(cè)力截齒、放射性同位素、噪聲紅外線、雷達(dá)探測(cè)等。其中記憶智能程控煤巖分界識(shí)別及控制系統(tǒng)在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用最多，是目前國(guó)外主要機(jī)型所采用的自動(dòng)調(diào)高技術(shù)。而雷達(dá)探測(cè)技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是最有應(yīng)用前景的一種煤巖分界  識(shí)別方法；  (5)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)監(jiān)控與顯示  采煤機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)  可采集機(jī)器參數(shù)：輸入電壓，電機(jī)電流，軸承、繞組和冷卻 水溫度，控制電流，潤(rùn)滑油溫度、消耗量，液壓系統(tǒng)油位、壓力、溫度，冷卻和噴霧降塵水量、水壓，牽引速度、方向，搖臂操作角度，過(guò)載保護(hù)監(jiān)控等。如 Eickhof 公司 SL 系列采煤機(jī)裝備有 MICOS68 礦用微機(jī)系統(tǒng)，主菜單 10個(gè)子菜單包括采煤機(jī)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)；自動(dòng)操縱；截割部參數(shù)；牽引部參數(shù)、液壓系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、各檢測(cè)點(diǎn)溫度、各電動(dòng)機(jī)電流；水量、水壓；控制系統(tǒng)軟、硬件型號(hào)；診斷、預(yù)警 (口令 )等，多數(shù)保護(hù)項(xiàng)目可以通過(guò)人機(jī)交互方式予以屏蔽；  (6)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、順槽控制及地面監(jiān)控采煤機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程通訊和工作面集中控制技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代化礦井的標(biāo)志。它包括工作面設(shè)備的運(yùn)行參數(shù)與地面控制中心的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和位置的監(jiān)控，地面控制中心對(duì)井下設(shè)備工作運(yùn)行的操作控制，也就是實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人工作面的最終目的。采煤工作面作為關(guān)鍵的移動(dòng)設(shè)備，采煤機(jī)要有運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù) (包括故障信息 )遠(yuǎn)程傳輸技術(shù)、位置檢測(cè)技術(shù)的支持，在此前提下方可能實(shí)現(xiàn)地面對(duì)井下設(shè)備運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)的檢測(cè)、管理，乃至實(shí)現(xiàn)集中控制 (或監(jiān)控 )。引進(jìn)的6LS5、 SL50o、 SL30o 采煤機(jī)都實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)遠(yuǎn)程傳輸、集中監(jiān)控和部分集中控制。  (7)專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)和故障診斷把來(lái)自監(jiān)控、性能檢測(cè)和運(yùn)行參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)和信息與以往機(jī)器維護(hù)、使用情況進(jìn)行比較，對(duì)機(jī)器的健康運(yùn)行進(jìn)行診斷，也可對(duì)特定錯(cuò)誤和推薦方案提供風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。  3 4 電牽引系統(tǒng)向交流調(diào)速發(fā)展  電牽引采煤機(jī)的牽引方式按牽引電機(jī)的類(lèi)型可分為直流牽引和交流牽引。早期的電牽引采煤機(jī)大多采用直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。自日本 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代中期研制成功第一臺(tái)交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，交流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)以其技術(shù)先進(jìn)、可靠性高、維護(hù)管理簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被迅速推廣應(yīng)用。 9o 年代中后期研制的大功率電牽引  采煤機(jī)均采用交流變頻調(diào)速牽引系統(tǒng)。交 流牽引正逐步替代直流牽引，成為今后電牽引采煤機(jī)的發(fā)展方向。早期的交流牽引均采用一個(gè)變頻器拖動(dòng) 2 臺(tái)牽引電機(jī)，變頻器對(duì)電機(jī)的性能參數(shù)難以準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)，控制和保護(hù)功能無(wú)法完全發(fā)揮。德國(guó) SL300 型電牽引采煤機(jī)，采用 2 個(gè)變頻器分別拖動(dòng) 2 臺(tái)牽引電機(jī)的牽引系統(tǒng)，  使?fàn)恳目刂坪捅Ｗo(hù)性能更加完善。這種  拖一的牽引系統(tǒng)也正被逐步采用，成為電牽引技術(shù)發(fā)展的又一特點(diǎn)。  3 5 總體結(jié)構(gòu)趨向模塊化及多電機(jī)橫向布置橫向布置方式可使各部件由單獨(dú)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)彼此獨(dú)立，可模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，裝拆方便。美國(guó)從1LS 開(kāi)始將截割電機(jī) 橫向布置在搖臂上，今沿用。英國(guó)從 Electra550 開(kāi)始，采用電機(jī)橫向布置。德國(guó)進(jìn)入 20 世紀(jì) 9o 年代，開(kāi)發(fā)了橫向布置的 SL 系列電牽引采煤機(jī)。波蘭電牽引采煤機(jī)均采用橫向布置方式。  薄煤層電牽引采煤機(jī)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)  (1)機(jī)身的布置方式  機(jī)面高度、機(jī)身厚度、中板高度和過(guò)煤高度是互  相制約的。為了降低采高下限，加大過(guò)煤空間，具有  代表性的機(jī)身布置方式有爬底板、騎輸送機(jī)和懸臂  三種方式。  1)爬底板方式如 MG344一 PWD型、 EDW300一 LN型、 MCLE DR7575M型等采煤機(jī)。前滾筒反轉(zhuǎn)割底，后滾筒正轉(zhuǎn)割頂。以 MG344為例，機(jī)道的機(jī)面高度 721mm，輸送機(jī)上方的機(jī)面高度 656mm；機(jī)道的機(jī)身高度 550mm，輸送機(jī)上方的過(guò)橋架高度 210mm；因此采高下限為 1m，過(guò)煤高度為 340mm(中板高度 106mm)。爬底板方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是采高下限小，過(guò)煤高度大，缺點(diǎn)是：煤壁側(cè)的浮動(dòng)腿對(duì)底板起伏的適應(yīng)性差，煤壁側(cè)的行走輪和導(dǎo)向滑靴事故多，煤層厚度變化不能太大。  2)騎輸送機(jī)方式如 MG2X100 456一 WD型、 MGN132 316一 DW 型、 MG132 315一 WD 型、 MG132 320一 WD型等采煤機(jī)，品種最多。以 MG2X100 456為例，機(jī)面高度853mm，輸送機(jī)上方的機(jī)身高度 380mm，過(guò)煤高度 310mm(中板高度 163mm)；輸送  機(jī)上方的搖臂電機(jī)護(hù)套處過(guò)煤高度還要小一些。顯然對(duì)于騎輸送機(jī)的薄煤層采煤機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)，要求機(jī)面高度 <800mm、采高下限 <1 1In是困難的。  3)懸臂方式如 1K103型采煤機(jī)。機(jī)身懸在機(jī)道里，前滾筒反轉(zhuǎn)割底，后滾筒正轉(zhuǎn)割頂。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是采高下限小，過(guò)煤高度大，缺點(diǎn)是較難保持穩(wěn)定和平  (2)牽引機(jī)構(gòu)的布置方式  1)內(nèi)牽引方式。其牽引部布置在機(jī)身上。  2)外牽引方式。其牽引部布置在工作面輸送機(jī)的機(jī)頭機(jī)尾