中考語(yǔ)法-被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-仁愛英語(yǔ)初三.doc

中考語(yǔ)法-被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、主去動(dòng)。如：Many people speak English. 謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來執(zhí)行的。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。巧記為：被動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、主被動(dòng)。所謂“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于中文中常說的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了?！?，“這座樓房是由他們建造的?！痹偃纾篍nglish is spoken by many people. 主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。判斷：看下面的兩個(gè)例句，你來判斷哪個(gè)是主動(dòng)哪個(gè)是被動(dòng)？ He opened the door.他開了門。 （_） The door was opened.門被開了。 （_）He speaks English. English is spoken by him.說明：好了，現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子形式有了一個(gè)形象的認(rèn)識(shí)，但英語(yǔ)句子是千變?nèi)f化的，這時(shí)就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。下面我們來具體了解一下被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成。 Exercises:Change the following sentences into the passive voice sentences.1. Some people destroy the environment.2. He doesnt water the flowers every day.3. Does a large population cause many problems?4.They clean their classroom every day.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成: be + done被動(dòng)特點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓（語(yǔ)）, 構(gòu)成為be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。行為對(duì)象作主語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)by來引。1. Disneyland is_（enjoy） by millions of people from all over the world.2. The blouse is _（make）of silk.3.The Great Wall is _（visit）by many visitors every year.4. Many problems are _ (cause)by the large population.誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰(shuí)做的也沒必要。動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)莫忘了。1. Some stamps were _（steal）last week.2. The PRC was _（found）on October 1, 1949.3. Football is _（play）in most middle schools.4. English is widely _（use）throughout the world now.5. English _（speak）as the main language in America.6. The cake is divided into pieces被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。am（is,are）現(xiàn)在時(shí)，am（is,are）+donewas和were表過去, was（were）+done 完成have（has）been, have（has）been+done 將來，情態(tài)，be原形, will（can,may,must）be+done 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)be， am（is,are）+being+done 說明：別看英語(yǔ)中一會(huì)兒主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一會(huì)兒現(xiàn)在時(shí)一會(huì)兒過去時(shí)啥的，好像看得咱們眼花繚亂啦。其實(shí)呢，這么一堆東西歸納起來，就兩點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。歌訣：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。說明：那么，什么時(shí)候用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？簡(jiǎn)單的說，凡是漢語(yǔ)中帶“被”的句子，都能轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am/is/are+過去分詞 肯定句：Bikes are _（sell）in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑問句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.2.一般過去時(shí)： was/were+過去分詞 肯定句：China was _（liberate）in 1949. 否定句：China was not liberated in 1949. 疑問句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt.3.一般將來時(shí)： shall/will/be going to + be+過去分詞 肯定句：An English class will be _（give）by Jack tomorrow. 否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow. 疑問句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No. it wont.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are + being+過去分詞 肯定句：A car is being _（drive）now. 否定句：A car is not being driven now. 疑問句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has+ been+過去分詞 肯定句：A road has been _（build）by the government. 否定句：A road hasnt been built by the government. 疑問句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt.6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be + P.P 1）This clock can be _（repair）here. 2）The trees may be _（plant）at other times of the year. 3）The composition must be _（hand）in after class. 4）The young trees should be _（plant）in spring. 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如： Some new computers were _（steal）last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的） A Journey to West _ (show) on CCTV every summer.（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如： The window was _（break）by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was _（write）by him. 這本書是他寫的。 歌訣：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰(shuí)做的沒有必要；動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到。 主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)指的是動(dòng)詞形式，是詞法概念；而主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而是句法概念。所謂主動(dòng)句就是由主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞（詞組）作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子，而被動(dòng)句則是由被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞（詞組）作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子。 四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 （1）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。 （2）把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be過去分詞）（根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式）。 （3）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people _（laugh）at him. He was _（laugh）at by all people. They _（make）the bikes in the factory. The bikes are _（make）by them in the factory. 歌訣：賓變主，主變賓，by短語(yǔ)后面跟。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過分”來使用。 五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。歌訣： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加“過分”，原來帶to要保留。例如： We can _（repair）this watch in two days. This watch can be _（repair）in two days. You ought to _（take）it away. It ought to be _（take）away. They should _（do）it at once. It should be _（do）at once. 六、含雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)口訣：如遇雙賓語(yǔ)，最好變間賓。如若變直賓，be done后加to(或for) 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)（指物）不變；另一種情況是把直接賓語(yǔ)（指物）變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）不變，這時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加介詞to，有時(shí)加for。例如：1. My father gave me a new book on my birthday. I was given a new book（by my father）on my birthday.（間接賓語(yǔ)作了主語(yǔ)） A new book was given to me（by my father）on my birthday.（直接賓語(yǔ)作了主語(yǔ)）2. Father bought me a new coat. I was bought a new coat . （間接賓語(yǔ)作了主語(yǔ)） A new coat was bought for me. （直接賓語(yǔ)作了主語(yǔ)）七、補(bǔ)充 一些賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞如make, see, hear等在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中可以接動(dòng)詞原形（實(shí)為省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式）作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是一定要注意恢復(fù)to。如： He made me stand outside. I was made to stand outside（by him）. I saw him play football. He was seen to play football（by him）.有一個(gè)順口溜方便記憶：賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。主動(dòng)句中to走開，被動(dòng)句中to回來。主動(dòng)被動(dòng)互變1. People speak English in many countries. _2. The bike is being repaired. (A worker) _3. He taught me Chinese last term. _4. The reading room must be kept clean. _5. Mum will buy me a T shirt tomorrow. _6. She was seen reading a book. (I) _7. They let the dog go. _8. The books have been taken from the library. (The little boy) _ 小小練習(xí)（ ）1. Basketball _after school twice a week. A. is played B. will be played C. was played（ ）2. A lift _ to go up and down every day. A. is used B. are used C. be used（ ）3. Shoes _ in the shop last year. A. was sold B. is sold C. were sold（ ）4. In this game their hands _. A. not be seen B. be not seen C. cant be seen（ ）5. These mooncakes _ already by Mary. A. will be eaten B. havent been eaten C. have been eaten（ ）6. He _ to the hospital in a few minutes. A. was taken B. is taken C. will be taken（ ）7. My birthday cake _yet. A. is made B. has been made C. hasnt been made（ ）8. English _ in this school since 1980. A. is taught B. has been taught C. was taught（ ）9. The boy _by Ling Feng. A. are looked after B. can be looked after C. were looked after（ ）10. These old books _since many years ago. A. have been kept B. were kept C. are kept（ ）11. The garden _ a week ago. A. is cleaned B. has been cleaned C. was cleaned（ ）12. He wanted to know if the tickets _ to him tomorrow. A. would be sent B. will be sent C. are sent（ ）13. At the crossing, a policeman _often _. A. is.seen B. was.seen C. are.seen（ ）14. Sometimes they _ play football. A. are seen to B. are seen C. will be seen to（ ）15. All the clothes in the shop _. A. is tried on B. was tried on C. can be tried on（ ）16. The worker said that he _ a ladder(梯子) at once. A. needs B. needed C. was needed D. is needed（ ）17. A doctor _for by her last month. A. send B. were sent C. was sent D. sent（ ）18. The doctor _ Edisons mother. A. was saved B. has been saved C. saved D. have saved（ ）19. So much wood _ into small pieces here every day. A.