高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)及與狀語(yǔ)從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)化與語(yǔ)法填空的應(yīng)用.doc

www. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的考查多與對(duì)動(dòng)詞其他形式的考查同時(shí)進(jìn)行主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容： 1不定式作狀語(yǔ)； 2-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)； 3-ed分詞作狀語(yǔ)。一、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)通常有以下幾種情況：1、目的狀語(yǔ)（分詞一般不能作目的狀語(yǔ)）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work 注：表目的的不定式還常與so as或in order連用，構(gòu)成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 結(jié)構(gòu)，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。 To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time. 2、原因狀語(yǔ) 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語(yǔ)常用在作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后。 Im sorry to hear that .Were proud to be young people of China . We are glad to hear the news3、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)表示未曾預(yù)料到的、或令人不快的結(jié)果。（常和only連用）。 He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left . 而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常常是可以預(yù)料的結(jié)果，是伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果 The police opened fire ,killing the robber . He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有時(shí)，不定式還可修飾一個(gè)句子，表明說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。 to tell you the truth, to be honest, to be frank, to be fair, to make things/matters worse等。 To tell you the truth, I dont like the film. 高考真題檢測(cè)：1、_ late in the after noon ,Bob turned off the alarm . A .To sleep B .sleeping C .sleep D .Having slept 2、You were silly not _your car . A .to lock B .to have locked C .locking D .having locked 3、The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only _ the film stars had left . A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 4. Good-bye, Mr Jones. Im pleased _. A. for meeting youB. to meet youC. to have been meeting you D. to have met you5 Tom is waiting _ the doctor. A. to seeB. for to seeC. for seeingD. for see6. I went to see him _ him out. A. findingB. findC. only to findD. only found7. _, I dont like her sister. A. Telling the truthB. Been told the truthC. To tell the truthD. To tell the true二、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ) 形式意義 doing與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生。having done與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。done與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，時(shí)間不確定 being done與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語(yǔ)置于句首。 having been done與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。判斷步驟A：首先看主語(yǔ)，確定該動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。B：然后看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，確定該動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。 Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. （主動(dòng)/同時(shí)進(jìn)行）Not having received an answer ,he decided to write another letter .(主動(dòng)/完成)Havingfoundaseat,sheleftherbooksonit.(主動(dòng)/完成) Having been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it.（被動(dòng)、完成） Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.（被動(dòng)、完成） Seen from the hill ,the city looks beautiful. (被動(dòng))Given more time, we could have done it much better. (被動(dòng))（一）分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主句部分。一般表示時(shí)間，條件，讓步，原因，其形式doing ，done，having done，having been done ，being done1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.Hearing the news,they got excited.When they heard the news, they got excited.2.Having finished my homework, I returned home. After I finished my homework,I returned home.3.Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.2）原因狀語(yǔ)1.Having been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it. Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it2. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.3.Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch Because he was reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch4. Not knowing his address, I cant write to him. Because he doesnt know his address, I cant write to him.5.Being so poor in those days, they couldnt send the boy to school. Because they were so poor in those days, they couldnt send the boy to school.6. Being League members, we are ready to help others. As we are League members, we are ready to help others. 7.Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. As he was born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. 3）條件狀語(yǔ)1.Given a chance, I can surprise the world.If I am given a chance, I can surprise the world.2.Working hard, you will surely succeed. If you work hard, you will surely succeed.3.Reading carefully，youll learn something newAs long as you read carefully，youll learn something new4）讓步狀語(yǔ)1.Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.2. Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedherbest. Although I admit whatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedherbest. 3. Admitted into the university , he was still upset. Although he was Admitted into the university , he was still upset.二、主句部分，分詞作狀語(yǔ)。在這一句型中，分詞作狀語(yǔ)可表示結(jié)果，方式，伴隨，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)成分。這一句型的分詞作狀語(yǔ)通常有兩種種形式：doing, done1）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)1.Itrainedheavily,thus causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedheavily,and thus causedseverefloodinginthatcountry.2.He fired, killing one of the passers-by. He fired, and killed one of the passers-by.3.He died, leaving his wife with five children. He died, and left his wife with five children. 2）伴隨狀語(yǔ)1.The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. The teacher came into the lab, and was followed by some students.2.I stood there, listening to the broadcast.I stood there and listened to the broadcast.3）方式狀語(yǔ)1.Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities. I travelled by jeep, and visited a number of cities.2.He earns a living driving a truck. He earns a living by driving a truck.高考實(shí)例1. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing2. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought3.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things. A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. Thought4.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reachedB. reaching C. to reachD. to be reaching5. _ for several weeks, the city was short of food and clothing. A. As having flooded B. As floodingC. Having been floodedD. to flood6. _ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. SeeB. SawC. SeeingD. Seen7. We walked as fast as we could, _ to catch the 9:30 train. A. hopingB. to hopeC. we hopedD. being hoped8. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.（Steal）9. _ the front door painted, he had to enter the room through the back door.（See）10. The sun was shining brightly, _ everything there _ more beautiful.（make; look）_(surprise)at the way the question was put forward,the students didnt know the answer to it. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose) _ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) _ of the boring speech,the old man started to read a novel.(tire)A:此類形容詞有excited / exciting；surprised /surprising; amazed / amazing embarrassed /embarrassing encouraged / encouraging ; frustrated / frustrating ; interested / interesting; thrilled / thrilling terrified / terrifying; pleased / pleasing, = pleasant; satisfied/ satisfying; frightened / frightening tired / tiring; bored / boring ; relaxed / relaxing; fascinated / fascinating; annoyed / annoying moved / moving; worried /worrying; confused / confusing ; inspired / inspiringB：形容詞短語(yǔ) be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in；be devoted to；be caught in , be seated in； be prepared for；be determined to , be faced with ,be based on,be tired of，be located in ,1.她坐在窗邊，陷入了沉思。2. 由于對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)非常感興趣，他想成為一名醫(yī)生。3. 廣州在中國(guó)的南方，總面積7000多平方公里。4. 面對(duì)困難他從未放棄過(guò)。有一些分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)可用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度或看問(wèn)題的角度，這些分詞或短語(yǔ)已轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楠?dú)立成份judging from /by根據(jù)-來(lái)判斷，frankly speaking 老實(shí)地說(shuō)，坦率地說(shuō) generally speaking 一般地說(shuō) strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō) properly speaking 確切地說(shuō)來(lái) taking- into consideration 考慮到Supposing假如，taken as a whole 總地來(lái)說(shuō)，given考慮到，compared with與-相比Judging from his appearance，he looks like an old doctor Strictly speaking，her pronunciation is not quite good Taken as a whole，there is nothing wrong with the article Supposing she doesnt come, what shall we do?Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job.Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. Taking everything into consideration, you should leave.1. _ hes only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well. ( Consider)2. _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare withD. Compared with綜合練習(xí)1. _and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.(tire)2.Each of them got up early _ to catch the early bus.(hope)3.How pleased the Emperor was _ what the cheats said!(hear)4.They arrived at their university very late, _ the gate closely shut.(find)5.After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.(interview)6.Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. 7. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 8. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. 9. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realiz