高中英語(yǔ)句法大全-名詞性從句.doc

高中英語(yǔ)句法大全-名詞性從句名詞性從句一.概念 名詞性從句共有四種:主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講1 主語(yǔ)從句：主語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)。(1)不同于其它的連詞，它不充當(dāng)句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首時(shí)，that絕對(duì)不可以省略。That the driver could not control his war was obvious.It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.(2)if 不能用在主語(yǔ)從句中，而是用whetherWhether he left (or not) is unknown(3)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)，下面這個(gè)句型例外。What we need is more time and money.What we need are many more books.2.表語(yǔ)從句：表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在系動(dòng)詞后，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。The trouble is that we are short of money.Go and get your coat. Its where you left it.(1) 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句除了上述三類詞外還有because, as if/ as though等等The reason (why/for which.) is that It/This/That is because(2) 連系動(dòng)詞“appear, look, seem”的兩個(gè)常用句型It seems/appears that.It looks/seems as if/as though(與事實(shí)相符用陳述語(yǔ)氣，與事實(shí)相反用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(3) as 也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句Things are not always as they seem to be3. 賓語(yǔ)從句：及物動(dòng)詞，形容詞和介詞后加賓語(yǔ)從句作其賓語(yǔ)。(1) 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句相呼應(yīng)，但賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun(2) 連詞whether和 if可以互換，但注意下列情況連詞后緊跟or not時(shí)用whetherI want to know whether or not they will come.作介詞賓語(yǔ)是用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句He was interested in whether he saw her there.連接詞后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whetherHe doesnt know whether to stay or not.如果賓語(yǔ)從句是否定時(shí)，一般用if引導(dǎo)I care if he will not attend the meeting.(3) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句后帶賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要用“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it +賓補(bǔ)+that-clause,that不可省略I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.(4) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用否定轉(zhuǎn)移I dont think he will win the game, will he?(5) that在賓語(yǔ)從句?？梢允÷?，但由and或 but連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，僅可以省略第一個(gè)連詞thatHe said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasnt hungry.(6) 注意區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句I dont know if he will come.If he comes, Ill let you know.4.同位語(yǔ)從句，在句中作某些名詞的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。用在下列名詞 fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion, word etc.(1) There is no doubt that he will come.There is doubt whether he will come.Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.There is no possibility that.(2) that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：在同位語(yǔ)從句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句作成分，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.We are interested in the news that he told us.when, where引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：在定語(yǔ)從句中，when, where前有分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的先行詞；而在同位語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)此對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位語(yǔ)從句)Go and get your coat. Its in the place where you left it.(定語(yǔ)從句)5. 疑問(wèn)詞-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而no matter+疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.I believer whatever he says. Whatever he says, I will never believe him.who與 whoever的區(qū)別 who是“誰(shuí)”的意思，表示具有疑問(wèn)，who相當(dāng)于anyone who“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.Can you tell me who that gentleman is?6當(dāng)名詞性從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞通常用what，它相當(dāng)于。另外，有時(shí)具有感嘆意義all that, anything that或 the thing(s) thatWhat we cant get seems better than what we have.Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.7.注意區(qū)分it 作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。It is natural that they should have different views. 主語(yǔ)從句It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句What was it that he wanted? I dont know what it was that he wanted.It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem8.注意it 作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的不同It is known to all that the earth is round.As is known to all. the earth is round.三.鞏固練習(xí)1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where21. _he always serves the people very well is known. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 22._has passed the test will get a prize . A. Whoever B. No mater who C. Whomever D. Who 23.Is_ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week? A that B it C his D he24.It has not been decided _ they will leave for New York. A. when B why C that D what25. Obviously_ we do morning exercises every day _ us good. A. that do B. if; do C what; does D. that; dose26 It is said_ _ was all _ he said. A that; that; that B what; what; what C that; which; what D that; that; which27_ gets home first is to cook the supper. A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever28_ moved us most was_ he liked after the old man for more than twenty years. A. That; that B. What; that C What; what D. That; what29._ you did it is not known to all. A. Who B. What C. How D. Which30._ you do should be well done. A How B. That C. Whatever D Why31. The reason I plan to go is_ she will be disappointed if I dont. A. because B. that C. thanks to D. what32. What time do you think_? A. will Tom come back B. Tom will come back C. is Tom coming back D. can Tom get here33. The teacher said that light_ faster than sound. A. Has traveled B. traveled C. had traveled D. travels34._ is still a question_ will win. A. It; that B. It; who C. That; who D. This; that35. If you know_ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand. A. whom B. which C. who D. that36. In some countries,_ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state. A. that B. which C. as D. what37. Thinking_ you know_ in fact you dont is a terrible mistake. A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what that38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just_ worries the public. A. why B. which C. that D. what39. Why dont you bring_ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. that B. what C. that D. it40._ David says sounds right to Helen. Thats why she has made up her mind to leave with him_ happens. A. whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever C. No matter what; No matter what D. Whatever; however41. That is_ I was born and grew up. A. There B. in which C. where D. the place42._ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. What B. That C. When D. Because43._ we are doing has never been done be