賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法.doc

賓語(yǔ)從句：賓語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)，將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句做介詞或及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在從下面幾個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納如下：I heard that he would come here later on. （作動(dòng)詞heard的賓語(yǔ)）He said nothing about who broke the window last night.(作介詞about的賓語(yǔ))注意：學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài) 一.連接詞 1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。由that引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語(yǔ)中。I told him that he was wrong. 1）注意：在think,believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?例：I dont think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì)) False: I think he doesnt like the English teacher. Ryight: I dont think he likes the English teacher.2）注意：在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中， that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。 例： We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的) 2從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。Whether,if(是否)在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下， whether和if可以替換。I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the job.注意：1）在whether or not結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.2）在不定式前只能用whether.如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。3)在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo) Everything depends on whether we have enough money3從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問(wèn)代詞、副詞作連接詞。它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語(yǔ)) I dont know where he lives. (where做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))1）注意：當(dāng)who為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為： who+謂語(yǔ)+其他 He wanted to know who hadnt passed the exam.2）注意： 賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for usFalse: He wonders when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He wonders when he can finish this difficult job.二.判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況： 1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。She says that she is a student. She says that she can sing a song in English.He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. She says that she has finished her homework already.2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)She said that she was a student. She said that she could sing a song in English. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. She said that she had finished her homework already.False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老師昨天說(shuō)月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn) Father told me that practice makes perfect . He told me that Japan is an island country. 最后特別注意：1）Could you tell me是用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。 例： Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。 2）由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。I dont know what I should do next. I dont know what to do next. He didnt know where he would live. He didnt know where to live. 由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。 例：She said: “I have been to England before.” She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. 賓語(yǔ)從句專練1.Can you see_? A. what hes reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子) Do you know_Jack _from Japan? 3._What did your son say in the letter? _He told me that he_ the Disney the next day A.will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 4.He didnt know_ A.whats the matter B.what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what the matter was 5.Somebody called you just now, but I didnt know_ A.who were they B. who they were C. who was it D. who it was 6.I want to know_ A.what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 7.-Could you tell me _she is looking for? -Her cousin,susan. A.that B.whose C .who D.which 8.-What are you searching the Internet for? -Im trying to find out_. A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU B.How many persons have died in Iraq C.How to protect our environment D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea