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賓語(yǔ)從句:賓語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ),將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句做介詞或及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)在從下面幾個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納如下:I heard that he would come here later on. (作動(dòng)詞heard的賓語(yǔ))He said nothing about who broke the window last night.(作介詞about的賓語(yǔ))注意:學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素:連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài) 一.連接詞 1從句為陳述句,常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略,直接與主句相連。由that引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句,在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用,在從句中不做句子的成分,也無(wú)詞匯意義,在口語(yǔ)中常被省略,但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好,特別是在筆語(yǔ)中。I told him that he was wrong. 1)注意:在think,believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中,有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?例:I dont think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì)) False: I think he doesnt like the English teacher. Ryight: I dont think he likes the English teacher.2)注意:在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中, that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。 例: We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的) 2從句為一般疑問(wèn)句,常選擇連接詞if或whether。Whether,if(是否)在從句中不做句子的成分,一般情況下, whether和if可以替換。I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the job.注意:1)在whether or not結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.2)在不定式前只能用whether.如:I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。3)在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo) Everything depends on whether we have enough money3從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問(wèn)代詞、副詞作連接詞。它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用,又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語(yǔ)) I dont know where he lives. (where做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))1)注意:當(dāng)who為主語(yǔ)時(shí),句式為: who+謂語(yǔ)+其他 He wanted to know who hadnt passed the exam.2)注意: 賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for usFalse: He wonders when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He wonders when he can finish this difficult job.二.判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況: 1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。She says that she is a student. She says that she can sing a song in English.He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. She says that she has finished her homework already.2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句為各種相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)She said that she was a student. She said that she could sing a song in English. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. She said that she had finished her homework already.False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.注意:如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí),這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老師昨天說(shuō)月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn) Father told me that practice makes perfect . He told me that Japan is an island country. 最后特別注意:1)Could you tell me是用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn),語(yǔ)氣委婉,并不表示過(guò)去。 例: Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。 2)由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí),可以用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。I dont know what I should do next. I dont know what to do next. He didnt know where he would live. He didnt know where to live. 由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意人稱的變化。 例:She said: “I have been to England before.” She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. 賓語(yǔ)從句專練1.Can you see_? A. what hes reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子) Do you know_Jack _from Japan? 3._What did your son say in the letter? _He told me that he_ the Disney the next day A.will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 4.He didnt know_ A.whats the matter B.what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what the matter was 5.Somebody called you just now, but I didnt know_ A.who were they B. who they were C. who was it D. who it was 6.I want to know_ A.what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 7.-Could you tell me _she is looking for? -Her cousin,susan. A.that B.whose C .who D.which 8.-What are you searching the Internet for? -Im trying to find out_. A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU B.How many persons have died in Iraq C.How to protect our environment D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea
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