International treaty on tobacco control及翻譯.doc

International treaty on tobacco controlLadies and Gentleman： To begin with, I would like to tell you all a piece of good news. A treaby that aims to reduce a major cause of death and disease just went into effect. The treaty is called the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. It is the first public health treaty negotiated by the World Health Organization. More than one hundred and sixty countries have sighed it. Countries that sign the treaty then must approve it within their governments. So far, fewer than sixty countries have done that. But only forty countries needed to ratify the treaty to bring it into force. The treaty went into effect on February 27th 2005. Nations that ratify the treaty must raie prices and taxes on cigarettes and other tobacco products. They must fight illegal trade in tobacco products. And they must place controls on second-hand smoke, smoke from other peoples tobacco.The treaty also advertising and other marketing campaigns for tobacco. But this is true only if such a ban would notviolate a national constitution.The treaty calls for tabacco companies to make public all the substances they use to make cigarettes. And health warnings may not include in information that might lead people to believe that some cigatettes are lessharmful than others. Experts say there is no such thing as a safe cigarette. Also, governments that approvethe treaty must support programs to help people stop smoking. And there mustbe education programs to urge people not to start. The World Health Organization estimates that more than onethousand million people smoke.It says that more than eighty percent of smokers live in developing countries. And it also says that tobaccokills one-half of those who keep using it. Each year almost five million people worldwide die from the effects of smoking. At current rates of growth, experts say the number could reach ten million a year by2020. Smokingcauses or increases therisk of many diseases. These include cancer andheart disease.Pregnant women who smokemay damage their unborn child. Also, a recent study offers more evidence that breathing tobacco smoke as a child increases the risk of lung cancer late in life. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is well received by the people all over the world, but additonal agreements known as protocols to strengthen it are needed. For example, developing nationsneed financial help to carry out the treaty. And there are no punishments for countries that fail to act. But they will have theirrecords examined at United Natiojns conferences anyway. Thank you.國(guó)際煙草控制公約女士們，先生們： 首先，我要告訴大家一個(gè)好消息。一個(gè)以降低死亡與疾病主要原因?yàn)槟康牡墓s剛剛生效。這個(gè)公約叫煙草控制框架公約。它是由世界衛(wèi)生組織主持達(dá)成的第一個(gè)（具有法律效力的）國(guó)際公共衛(wèi)生條約。 已經(jīng)有160多個(gè)國(guó)家在公約上簽字，簽了字的國(guó)家必須在他們的國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)該公約。迄今為止，已批準(zhǔn)了公約的國(guó)家接近60個(gè)。但是只有40個(gè)國(guó)家需要批準(zhǔn)使之生效。該公約在2005年2月27日生效。 各締約國(guó)須提高香煙和其他煙草制品的價(jià)格和稅收，他們必須打擊非法的煙草制品貿(mào)易，必須采取措施減少公共場(chǎng)所被動(dòng)吸煙等。 公約還禁止煙草廣告及煙草商進(jìn)行贊助活動(dòng)。但是這樣的限制必須不會(huì)冒犯該國(guó)的憲法規(guī)定。 公約號(hào)召各煙草公司為大眾生產(chǎn)香煙替代品。健康的警告詞不應(yīng)該包括可能讓吸煙誤以為某些香煙的危害程度比其他香煙小的信息。專家說(shuō)所有的香煙都是不安全的。 締約國(guó)還必須支持開(kāi)展幫助人們戒煙的活動(dòng)。應(yīng)該開(kāi)展告誡人們不要吸煙的教育活動(dòng)。 世界衛(wèi)生組織的研究表明，全球目前有煙民約10憶人。80%多的煙民生活在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。經(jīng)常吸煙的人一半死于吸煙，每年世界上有近500成人因吸煙而死亡，專家指出，按照目前的增長(zhǎng)速度，到2020年，這個(gè)數(shù)字將達(dá)到1，000萬(wàn)。 吸煙導(dǎo)致并增加了患各種各樣疾病的危險(xiǎn)。這些疾病包括