高中定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總.doc

定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總一、先行詞2、 關(guān)系詞1. 關(guān)系代詞：2. 關(guān)系副詞：3、 分類1. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞有限制，區(qū)分的作用，并與先行詞有著不可分割的關(guān)系，不能省略2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，可省略不會(huì)影響主句的意思，與主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)3. 區(qū)別：限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，刪除后會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子意思的表達(dá)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)可用關(guān)系代詞that關(guān)系代詞可省略（that,which,who在從句中作賓語(yǔ)可以省略）關(guān)系代詞可以替代，whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用who或that替代讀時(shí)不停頓只可以修飾名詞或代詞，不可修飾句子4. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的特殊情況4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句，其含義不同There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China.There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China.5. 關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句4、 關(guān)系詞的用法1.which,thatwhich指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)that指人或物，指人可與who，whom互換；指物可與which互換2.who,whom從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞詞前，whom作賓語(yǔ)，不能用who代替In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.先行詞為指人的one,ones,anyone或those時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用who；雙重定語(yǔ)從句中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)指人的關(guān)系代詞用who。3. whose表示“的”?？芍溉嘶蛭?。用來(lái)指物時(shí)，whose+名詞=限定詞+名詞+of which=of which+限定詞+名詞The house whose windows face south is ours.The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours.4. as作為關(guān)系代詞可指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。一般用于such.as 、the same.as 、as.as結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“像”的意思We have found such materials as are used in their factory.They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.He is not the same man as he was.4.1the same.as/that.和such.as/thatthe same.as/that.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句往往側(cè)重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought.that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句側(cè)重指同一個(gè)對(duì)象：I met the same person that I saw that day.such.as/thatas引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think.that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.4.2 as和which的區(qū)別都可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可以互換as引導(dǎo)的從句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which只能位于主句之后當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句為否定句或謂語(yǔ)帶的是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)He criticized Mary in public,which she doesnt like at all.He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy.先行詞作主語(yǔ)且定語(yǔ)從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常用as不用which；如果從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般用which作主語(yǔ)She passed the exam, as was expected.Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy.當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，通常用which不用asTom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry.固定搭配：as we know/as is known to allas we all can seeas has been said before/aboveas might be expectedas is often the case在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whichShe might possibly come,in which case Ill tell you.5. 只用that不用which5.1 當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。5.2當(dāng)先行詞被the only,the last,the very等修飾時(shí)。5.3當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。5.4當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。5.5當(dāng)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。5.6當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。5.7當(dāng)先行詞是主句的表語(yǔ)，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)：Jack is not the man that he was.5.8當(dāng)主句以here,there開(kāi)頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時(shí)。6. 只用which不用that6.1關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。6.2在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。6.3先行詞本身是that,those（指物）或雙重定語(yǔ)從句中其中一個(gè)已用關(guān)系代詞that時(shí)。6.4先行詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。Here is the CD which,as I have told you, is a great help to you.7. 只用who不用that7.1先行詞為表示人的不定代詞anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,no one時(shí)。7.2先行詞為those且指人時(shí)。7.3在指人的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。8.which/that/what連接詞what可以看作關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的結(jié)合，即what=the person/place/thing which/that。表示“所.的。”what 不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)句子，沒(méi)有先行詞，起名詞作用。What引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句可以和that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句互換。Tell me anything (that) you know.=Tell me what you know.9. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞既能夠引導(dǎo)限制性，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。指物用which，指人用whom。介詞不可省略，如果要省略，必須將介詞放在從句句末。9.1介詞的確定根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞，形容詞所需要的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。根據(jù)先行詞搭配的具體含義來(lái)確定。根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定。9.2介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的變式介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式She must have time in which she could grow calm.(=in which to grow calm)Franks dream is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers.(=in which to produce many beautiful flowers)名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldnt understand completely.There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.10. 關(guān)系副詞：作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：when=at/in/on/during which作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：where=in/at/to/on which作原因狀語(yǔ)：why=for which10.1 辨析The reason why./The reason that./The reason is that.The reason why.中why引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，why在句子中作原因狀語(yǔ)，可以替換成for which。The reason that.中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，that不作成分，that后面的內(nèi)容說(shuō)明reason的內(nèi)容。The reason is that.是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，不能用because,以免重復(fù)。5、 其他1. 主謂一致：從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。在“(the) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是在the one of +復(fù)數(shù)形式或the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。2. 關(guān)系詞的省略與不可省略：2.1關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略2.2關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞在從句句尾時(shí)2.3非限制性定從中的關(guān)系代詞不可省略2.4介詞+關(guān)系代詞中的關(guān)系代詞不可省略2.5表示時(shí)間的名詞后關(guān)系副詞可以省略，如the time,the moment2.6表示地點(diǎn)名詞后關(guān)系副詞可以省略，如the place2.7先行詞the reason后面的關(guān)系副詞可以省略2.8先行詞為way（方法，手段）時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞可以省略3. 如何判斷定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句3.1根據(jù)that在從句中是否作成分來(lái)判斷：that在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任成分，在同位語(yǔ)從句中不做成分。The news(that)he told me yesterday is not true.The news that he singer will come here is not true.3.2根據(jù)意思來(lái)判斷：在引導(dǎo)詞前加is后，如果句子成立就是同位語(yǔ)從句，否則是定語(yǔ)從句。The news is (that) he told me yesterday.句子不成立The news is that the singer will come here.句子成立4. 定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閕ng和ed形式4.1直接轉(zhuǎn)化為ing或ed形式,，去掉定語(yǔ)從句中who/which is/was/are/were.The boy (who is ) playing the piano is from London.I like this film,(which was) directed by Zhang Yimou.4.2將句子中的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行ing形式轉(zhuǎn)化The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year.=The number of people learning Chinese rises each year.My grandfather,who hasnt been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=My grandfather,not having been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=Not having been used to living in the city, my grandfather has decided to settle in the country.小草急急忙忙的返青依舊；細(xì)雨迷迷濛濛的飄灑依舊。盈盈月下來(lái)，照亮你的山歌依舊；燦燦星升起，白楊樹(shù)綠影婆娑依舊。好風(fēng)似水，不驚你安眠依舊；鳥(niǎo)兒呢噥，愛(ài)的春天依舊?？晌?，望盡了我的花季，望盡了長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的一路落英繽紛呵！岑凱倫的綿綿春雨依舊，戴望舒的深深雨巷依舊！漂泊的船，尋找一個(gè)溫馨港口；孤寂的心，渴望一聲溫暖問(wèn)候。是你在我最落寞的時(shí)候，把親切放在我左右；是你在我最失意的時(shí)候，把慰藉放在我心頭。紅酥手，黃藤酒；春如舊，人空瘦。蝴蝶雙飛影