北師大版高一必修三教案Unit 8 Adeventure period 5.docx

the fifth period grammar (ii)teaching goals教學目標1. target language目標語言重點句子defining and non-defining clauses:when he was 17 years old, he traveled across europe and asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the chinese.he was very impressed by beijing and the emperors palace, especially the summer palace which he described as “the greatest palace that ever was ”there were inventions and developments in china which were not available in europe at that time.he was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.however, marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about china.the prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called the description of the world, which became one of the best-selling books in europe.just before he died, aged 70, marco was asked the question, “was it all true?”, to which he replied, “i have only told half of what i saw!”2. ability goals能力目標enable the students to compare and distinguish defining and non-defining clauses.3. learning ability goals學能目標help the students learn how to compare and distinguish defining and non-defining clauses and use the key words and expressions and non-attributive clauses in certain situations.teaching important points教學重點compare and distinguish defining and non-defining clauses and the usage of the attributive clauses.teaching difficult points教學難點get students learn how to compare and distinguish defining and non-defining clauses.teaching methods教學方法explaining and practicing.teaching aids教具準備a projector, some slides and a blackboard.teaching procedures & ways教學過程與方式step i grammart: we have learned attributive clauses in last unit. and there are many attributive clauses in the last reading passage. now you are given one minute to find them.one minute later, ask one or two students to read these sentences out.s1: 1. when he was 17 years old, he traveled across europe and asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the chinese.2. he was very impressed by beijing and the emperors palace, especially the summer palace which he described as “the greatest palace that ever was ”3. there were inventions and developments in china which were not available in europe at that time.4. he was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.s2: 5. however, marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about china.6. the prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called the description of the world, which became one of the best-selling books in europe.7. just before he died, aged 70, marco was asked the question, “was it all true?”, to which he replied, “i have only told half of what i saw!”t: good, can you divide these sentences into two parts?s3: group a: 1, 6, 7 group b: 2,3,4,5.t: you are right. can you tell us the reason?s3: in group a, there are non-defining sentences, which are unnecessary and can be left out. while in group b, the extra information is necessary, so we use restrictive attributive clauses, which cannot be left out.t: how can you distinguish restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses?s4: we dont use commas with the restrictive attributive clauses while we use commas with the non-restrictive attributive clauses.t: yes, you are right. then, for example, in sentence 6, can we use “that” instead of “which”?s5: no, we cannot. we never use “that” in the non-restrictive attributive clause as relative pronoun.t: thank you, you said it right. can the relative words be left out in group a?ss: no, they cannot.give a summary of the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses, especially non-restrictive attributive clauses.t: the non-restrictive attributive clause is a clause that gives extra information to the antecedent. so we use a comma to interrupt the sentence. when the non-restrictive attributive clause is cut off, the sentence still has a full meaning. now look at the sentences on the screen.show the following on the screen.1. i have two brothers, who are both soldiers.2. next week, which youll spend in your hometown, is coming.3. ive tried two pairs of shoes, neither of which fits me well.t: there are commas to interrupt the sentences and “that”can not be used in the non-restrictive attributive clauses. you should pay more attention to the structure “indefinite pronoun/numbers/noun/superlative+of which/whom” is often used in the non-restrictive attributive clauses.also, we should pay attention to the he usage of the relative pronouns and the relative adverbs.as we know, relative pronouns or adverbs play important parts in the attributive clause. now lets make a list of them on the blackboard first and then revise their usage with the help of the forms on the screen.bb: the relative pronouns: who, whom, that, whose, which; the relative adverbs: when, where, why.collect them first and then, show the following.form 1:the relative pronouns referring to function in the clausewho: people subject/objectwhom: people objectthat: people/thing subject/objectwhich: thing subject/objectwhose: people/thing (of whom/which) attributeform 2:the relative adverb referring to function in the clausewhen: (=at/in/on which) time adverbial of timewhere: (=in/at which) place adverbial of placewhy: (=for which) reason adverbial of reasonteacher explains the two forms separately and adds the following with examples on the screen.when a relative pronoun is used as a subject in the clause, the verb must agree with the antecedent in person and number. for example:1) those who want to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. 2) he who doesnt reach the great wall is not a true man.when the antecedent is the structure of “one of +n.(pl.)”, the verb in the clause must be plural, agrees with the plural form. however, if there is “the”or “only” before “one”, the verb in the clause must be singular, agrees with the word “one”.t: now go back the sentences you found in the text. discuss and decide which word or words the clauses refer to.s6: 1. “who” refers to his father. 2. “which” refers to the summer palace. 3. “which” refers to inventions and developments. 4. “people used to burn for fuel” refers to the black stones. 5. “who” refers to another prisoner. 6. “which” refers to the description of the world. 7. “to which.” refers to the question.t: which of the clauses in the 7 sentences give information or extra information to identify the person or object?s7: 1 gives extra information about a person. 2, 3 and 4 give information to identify the object. 5 gives information to identify a person. 6 and 7 give extra information about an object.step ii practiceshow these exercises on the screen and let students finish them. then check the answers with the whole class. give students more exercises to consolidate attributive clause after class. teacher can show these exercises on the powerpoint.1) his parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.a. of whom b. whom c. of whose d. whose2) in the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom3) the weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. a. what b. which c. that d. it4) after living in pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. a. which b. where c. that d. when5) carol said the work would be done by october, _ personally i doubt very much. a. it b. that c. when d. which6) dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. a. who b. which c. this d. what 7) recently i bought an ancient chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. a. which price b. the price of which c. its price d. the price of whose8) _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. a. as b. it c. that d. which 9) he lived in london for 3 months, during _ time he learned some english. a. this b. which c. that d. same10) on the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue. a. whose b. of which c. which d. its11) the visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. a. that b. where c. which d. there12) the boss _ department ms king worked ten years ago look down upon women.a. in which b. in that c. in whose d. whose13) i dont like _ you speak to her. a. the way b. the way in that c. the way which d. the way of which14) he made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. a. which i think is b. which i think it is c. which i think it d. i think which is15) _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. a. it b. as c. that d. what 16) helen was much kinder to her youngest son than the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. a. who b. that c. what d. which 17) _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. a. it b. as c. that d. what 18) the factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. a. of which b. which of c. of them d. of that 19)there are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. a. the larger b. the larger of them c. the larger one that d. the larger of which 20) american women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. a. who b. as c. about which d. with whom 21) the journey around the world took the old sailor nine month