北師大版必修三Unit 8 adventure lesson 3 Marco Polo學(xué)案 (2).docx

unit 8 adventure lesson 3 marco polo學(xué)案1extreme sports have become popular in_the_last_ten_years.在過去的十年里，極限運(yùn)動(dòng)變得很流行。本句使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。in the last/past .years/months .意為“在過去的年/月里”，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。in也可以換為during。the economy has developed rapidly in the last few years.近幾年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速。in/during the past 10 years, the price of houses has gone up sharply.在近十年，房?jī)r(jià)上漲迅猛。單句語法填空the sale has_dropped (drop) in the last few months.three of his novels has_been_published (publish) during the past 5 years.last year, we stayed (stay) there for ten days.2although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that marcos stories about china were too fantastic to be true.雖然人們愛讀他的書，但許多人認(rèn)為馬可寫的關(guān)于中國的東西太離奇而不可信。本句中although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于though.although/though it is expensive, it lasts forever and never goes out of style.盡管價(jià)格昂貴，但它卻經(jīng)久耐用，永不過時(shí)。辨析比較althoughalthough和though用作連詞時(shí)不能和but連用，但可與yet, still等連用。although只用作連詞，而though除用作連詞外，還可用作副詞，常置于句末thoughthough可以用于倒裝句 ( as)，但although不可以he said he would come. he didnt, though.他說要來卻沒來。poor though/as i am, i can afford it.我雖然窮，這東西還是買得起的。1句型轉(zhuǎn)換although he is a child, he can do a lot of housework for his family.he is a child, andyet he can do a lot of housework for his family.though it was late, he went on working. latethough/as it was, he went on working.2. 完成句子although/though_(he_is)_out_of_work (雖然失業(yè)了) and yet he has never been in debt.disabled_though/as_he_is (雖然他殘疾), he has a strong will.this is a hard job. i_enjoy_it,_though (然而我喜歡)定語從句()：限制性和非限制性定語從句語法初識(shí)原句感知自主探究a.have you seen the film titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?my friend, who has served the company all his life, is retiring next month.water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.he said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.please give the book to jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.bpainting is an activity that can interest children.the man who often comes back home late is a doctor.id like to have a friend whom i can trust.(1)a組的句子都是非限制性定語從句，b組的句子都是限制性定語從句。(2)限制性定語從句和主句之間不能用逗號(hào)分開；非限制性定語從句和主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。(3)在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞除了用who, whom, which, whose外，也可以用that;_在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞可以用who, whom, which, whose, 但不能用that。語法剖析定語從句分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。歸納起來，二者有以下幾點(diǎn)不同：一、作用不同限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，是先行詞不可缺少的定語，它所修飾的詞代表一個(gè)(些)或一類特定的人或物，如果刪去，全句的意思就會(huì)變得不明確。而非限制性定語從句在意義上是先行詞的一個(gè)附加修飾語，對(duì)先行詞只起進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明的作用；若把它去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。this is the person whom you are looking for.這位就是你在找的那個(gè)人。in their class there are fifteen students, who can speak english very well.在他們班上，有十五位學(xué)生，他們英語都說得很好。第一個(gè)例句中的定語從句表明作為主語的“人”不是任何一個(gè)，而是你在找的那個(gè)。如果去掉定語從句，表達(dá)的意思就不明確。第二個(gè)例句已經(jīng)表明主語是誰，定語從句只不過是補(bǔ)充說明一點(diǎn)情況而已。若去掉從句，句子意思仍然完整。二、形式不同非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間通常有逗號(hào)，而限制性定語從句與先行詞之間無逗號(hào)。beijing, which is the capital of china, is a beautiful city.北京，中國的首都，是個(gè)美麗的城市。(從句可有可無，從句前有逗號(hào)。)she was no longer the woman that she was.她再也不是以前的她了。(從句不可少，從句前無逗號(hào)。)三、含義不同限制性定語從句有涉他性；非限制性定語從句有唯一性。the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮圖畫的那些雜志是他寫的。(雜志有帶圖畫和不帶圖畫兩類)the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.這些雜志是他寫的，里面有漂亮的圖畫。(雜志只有一種)四、引導(dǎo)詞不同非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：表示人who, whom, whose表示時(shí)間when, 介詞which表示事/物which, as表示地點(diǎn)where, 介詞which1.在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人的時(shí)候，關(guān)系代詞只能是who, whom，不能用that；先行詞指物的時(shí)候，關(guān)系代詞只能用which，不能用that。2引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的which, as可以代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。she heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她聽到一個(gè)可怕的聲音，這讓她把心都提到了嗓子眼了。as i expected, he didnt believe me.正如我所預(yù)料的，他不相信我。1用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空the cctv tower, whose base is an electrical equipment shop, is frequently visited by travellers.such a person as he described doesnt exist here.this is all that i know about the matter.the day will come when people all over the world win independence.the factory where/in_which his father worked was destroyed in the flood.2單句改錯(cuò)this is the singer what name is known to all of us. whatwhosehe managed to pass the exam, that he had expected.thatashis father, who work as an engineer, is quite humorous.workworks3完成句子結(jié)果是那里的路況非常好，這一點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們的預(yù)料。the road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect令人出乎意料的是我們沒獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。we didnt win the first prize, which amazed us.what_amazed_us was that we didnt win the first prize.你班是否有母親是醫(yī)生的同學(xué)？is there anyone in your class whose_mother is a doctor?應(yīng)用實(shí)戰(zhàn)一、鏈接高考用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1(2016江蘇高考) many young people, most of whom were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.2(天津高考)we have launched another manmade satellite, which is announced in todays newspaper.3(安徽高考)mo yan was awarded the nobel prize for literature in 2012, which made one of the chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.4(湖南高考)happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.5(山東高考)there is no simple answer, as is often the case in science.6(山東高考)finally he reached a lonely island which/that was completely cut off from the outside world.7(上海高考)an ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with one another.8(全國卷)that evening, which i will tell you more about later, i ended up working very late.9(陜西高考)it is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.10(江蘇高考)after the flooding, people were suffering in that area, who urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.11(浙江高考)ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.二、針對(duì)演練.選詞填空(that/whose/where/whom)1this is the very bus that im waiting for.2look out! dont get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.3all the neighbors admire this family, where the parents are treating their child like a friend.4we shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of whom are healthy.5after graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1it is known to us that taiwan is part of china.asisknowntous,_taiwan is part of china.2this is the room which/that my grandmother used to live in.this is the room wheremygrandmotherusedtolive3china has hundreds of islands, of which taiwan is the largest.china has hundreds of islands, thelargestofwhich is taiwan.4our village is no longer what it was 30 years ago.our village is no longer thevillagethatitwas 30 years ago5the old man has two daughters, and both of them work as doctors.the old man has two daughters, bothofwhom work as doctors.對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(六).單句語法填空1she very obviously (obvious) wanted to be left alone.2the captain was not willing to risk taking (take) his ship through the straits until be could see where he was going.3he sent off copies to various (vary) people for them to read and make comments.4he knew how important a piece of equipment (equip) the radio was when he could get touch with the outside.5she tried not to show preference (prefer) in her treatment of the children in her care.6do you know what eec stands for?7if a nuclear war breaks out,_every living thing will be wiped off the face of the earth.8the shop assistants had to have their days off by turns.選詞填空in order to, turn up, back out, get . across, in turn, break out, stand by, put into prison1jack agreed to get here at seven, but it has been seven twenty. he hasnt turned_up2he explained the problem several times, but still he couldnt get it across to his students.3leonardo da vinci is said to have bought birds kept in cages in_order_to have the pleasure of setting them free.4i promised to help and im not backing_out now.5he was put_into_prisontwo years ago for stealing things and will be set free next year.6families living on the same floor share one kitchen, so they have to cook in_turn every day.7no matter what happens, i will stand_by you and support you forever.8when the war broke_out,_the family escaped to asia.課文縮寫語法填空17yearold marco polo travelled across europe and asia with his father, and because his father wanted to do trade 1.with the chinese, they 2.eventually (eventual) eventually arrived in beijing during the yuan dynasty.marco was very clever and could speak four languages, 3.which impressed emperor kublai khan. so the emperor asked him 4.to_serve (serve) in the court and do many important tasks. marco was amazed 5.by how beautiful and powerful china was and was very impressed by beijing and the emperors palace. he was surprised to see chinese people using paper money to pay for goods. marco was also 6.confused (confuse) by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.after 17 years of service to the emperor, marco became 7.wealthy (wealth) and returned to italy. he was caught in a local war and put 8.into prison. but he was 9.lucky (luck) enough to meet a prisoner who was an author and interested in his stories about china. the prisoner wrote the stories 10.thatmarco told in a book, which became one of the bestselling books in europe.many people didnt believe the stories, but marco said he had only told half of what he had seen.閱讀理解some people say, “extreme sports are so dangerous. why would anyone want to do them？” but the danger is what makes them so exciting. keep reading to find out the most popular ones.bungee jumping: people on some south pacific islands have been bungee jumping for hundreds of years. in 1979, some people bungee jumped off a bridge in england and made the sport popular around the world. bungee jumping came to china in 1996.skateboarding: at first, this sport was called “sidewalk surfing”. skateboarders often jump high into the air, go down steps or slide (滑行) down rails on their boards. they wear baggy trousers so they can move more freely.skydiving: this is probably the scariest (最驚險(xiǎn)的) extreme sport. skydivers jump out of airplanes about four kilometers up in the sky. they usually free fall for a while and then open a parachute to slow down for a safe landing.snowboarding：this became a winter olympic sport in 1998. people tied their feet to the board with special shoes. they dont use any ski sticks. then they ride down hills, jump high and do tricks.語篇解讀：本文介紹了幾項(xiàng)極限運(yùn)動(dòng)，雖然危險(xiǎn)但卻刺激。1what made bungee jumping popular all over the world?aa history of hundreds of years.bjumping over a river in america.ccoming to china in 1996.djumping off a bridge in england.解析：選d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的“.some people bungee jumped off a bridge in england and made the sport popular around the world”可知答案為d項(xiàng)。2in which sport do people jump from a plane or from a high place?abungee jumping and skydiving.bskydiving and skateboarding.cbungee jumping and skateboarding.dsnowboarding and skateboarding.解析：選a推理判斷題。由第二段“some people bungee jumped off a bridge”及第四段“skydivers jump out of airplanes about four kilometers up in the sky.”可知，bungee jumping和skydiving都是從高處起跳的。3why do some people like to do the extreme sports?aits easy to learn.bits exciting and safe.cits scary but safe.dits dangerous but exciting.解析：選d推理判斷題。由第一段中的“the danger is what makes them so exciting”可知，人們喜歡極限運(yùn)動(dòng)是因?yàn)樗m危險(xiǎn)但刺激。.任務(wù)型閱讀i live in the country and the water where i live is very rusty (腐蝕的)sometimes my toilet looks like it hasnt been cleaned for 40 years. so i have found myself looking for tips on how to keep a toilet clean. 1._magic erasers! if you put a chunk (大塊) of a magic eraser in the tank of your toilet it will clean every time you flush (用水沖洗). 2._ i think its a great idea to throw a usedup magic eraser in there rather than ripping up a new one too.3_ if you poke a hole into a bottle of vinegar and then put the whole bottle into your toilet tank, the vinegar will help you use less water with eve