高中英語語法歸納總結(jié)分類.doc

高中英語語法歸納總結(jié)分類 - 高中英語語法歸納總結(jié)分類高中英語語法涉及到英語題型的各個(gè)方面，從不起眼的選擇題到失分嚴(yán)重的作文題，都離不開英語語法的作用，下文是小編給大家整理的高中英語語法歸納總結(jié)分類，僅供大家參考。I.要點(diǎn)按主語+謂語這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序，如果變?yōu)橹^語(或謂語的一部分)+主語，就是倒裝語序。1、全部倒裝(1)there be 句型There is going to be a meeting.There is a book on the table.(2)here, there, now, then, in, out等副詞置于句首時(shí)，主謂倒裝，但如果主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語和謂語語序不倒裝，如，Here comes the bus.Here he comes.(3)直接引語的部分或全部位于句首時(shí)，有時(shí)也用倒裝，如，What he said meant nothing, said the teacher.(4)為保持句子平衡，強(qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)須完全倒裝，如，In front of the house sat a small boy.2、部分倒裝(1)so, neither, nor置于句首說明與前者情況一致時(shí)，如，I like swimming, so does my brother.(2)only +狀語放在句首，如，Only through this method can we win.Only in this way can we do the work well.(3)含有否定意義的詞置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，Never had I heard that.Little did I know about this.(4)以often, so +形容詞或副詞開頭的句子，如，So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.(5)用于省略if的虛擬條件句中，將had, were, should提前，如，Were I you, I wouldnt do that.Had he come, we would have won.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，May you be happy for ever.I.要點(diǎn)根據(jù)從句在句中的句法功能，從句可分為名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。1、名詞性從句(1)主語從句What he wants is a piece of paper.It is believed that he can solve the problem.注：主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(2)賓語從句I dont know how to solve the problem.Do you know where he lives?(3)表語從句The problem is who can help me.This is why I came here.(4)同位語從句I have no idea where he went.I heard the news that he would come.同位語從句用that引導(dǎo)，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等詞后，that在從句中不作任何成分。2、定語從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞，或修飾整個(gè)主句的從句叫做定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。(1)that指物時(shí)一般可與which互換，但在下列情況下，要用that而不用which。a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，如，Everything (that) he did is wrong.b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)，如，Ill read all the books (that) you lend me.c. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)，如He is the very man (that) Im looking for.e. 只用which的情況在介詞后或在非限定性定語從句中This is the book about which we have talked a lot.The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.f. where和when作關(guān)系副詞This is the room where I worked.This is the room which I stayed in.I remembered the day when we lived there.I remembered the day that I spent there.g. as和whichas 可以放于句首，而which 不可以As you know, he is good at English.three of them 和three of whichI have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.3、狀語從句在復(fù)合句中起狀語作用的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、條件狀語、行為方式狀語、比較狀語、讓步狀語等多種。I.要點(diǎn)謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義上一致和就近一致。1、語法上一致(1)、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，如，To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)、用and或bothand連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如，Both he and I are right.但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.(3)、主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)，如，The teacher as well as his students is excited.(4)、某些不定代詞，如做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如:Everyone has a book.(5)、一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, cattle, clothes等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.2、意義上一致(1)、表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，如，Twenty years is not a long time.(2)、表示總稱意義的名詞public, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如，People are talking about the accident.(3)、有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語，如作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)，如，My fami