定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法(初中).doc

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考一、定冠詞基本用法1). 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物Please hand me the key on the desk. 請把桌上的鑰匙遞給我。 The girl in red is his sister. 穿紅色衣服的女孩是他妹妹。 I like the music of the film. 我喜歡這部電影的音樂。2). 用于指談話雙方都明確所指的人或事物Shut the door, please. 請關(guān)門。 Has he returned the book? 那本書他還了嗎？ Take the blue one, it is cheaper. 拿那個藍的，它便宜些。3). 用以復(fù)述上文提過的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）He saw a house in the distance. Jims parents lived in the house. 他看見遠處有一所房子，吉姆的父母就住在那所房子里。 There was once an old fisherman. The old fisherman had a cat. The cat was white. 從前有一個老漁夫。這個老漁夫有一只貓。這只貓是只白貓。 4). 表示世界上宇宙中獨一無二的事物這類詞有： the sun太陽, the earth地球, the moon月亮, the sky天空, the world 世界The moon goes round the earth. 月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。 There is not any cloud in the sky. 天空中沒有一絲云彩。 He is the richest man in the world. 他是世界上最富的人。但這些名詞作為描繪性定語時，可用不定冠詞。 Look! A red sun is rising. 瞧！一輪紅日正在升起。5). 用在序數(shù)詞等前 定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前，也用在表示序列的next, last等前，還有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的詞前。Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。 She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain. 她是第五個到達山頂?shù)娜恕?This may be the last chance. 這可能是最后一次機會。 If I miss this train Ill catch the next one. 如果趕不上這趟火車，我就趕下一趟。 He is the only person who knows the secret. 他是唯一一個知道這個秘密的人。 The two coats are of the same colour. 這兩件外衣顏色相同。 This is the very book I want. 這正是我要的書。（用very表示強調(diào)） 提示: a、序數(shù)詞表示“又一”時，前面用不定冠詞a(an) He bought a second pair of shoes. 他又買了一雙鞋。 He asked a question, then a second, then a third他問了一個問題，又問了第二個，第三個 b、序數(shù)詞用作狀語或表語時，前面不加定冠詞。George arrived first. 喬治第一個到。= George was the first person to arrive. Jim and Jack are both second in the match. 湯姆和杰克在比賽中并列第二。 6). 用在形容詞最高級前January is the first month of the year.一月是一年中的第一個月。Summer is the hottest season of the year. 夏天是一年中最炎熱的季節(jié)。 Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. 杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。 7).用在形容詞only， very， same等前面Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。8). 表示方向、方位這類詞有： the east東方，the west西方，the south南方，the north北方，the right右邊，the left左邊The birds are flying to the north. 這些鳥向北方飛去。 The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮從東方升起，在西方落下。 Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿著這條路往前走，在第一個路口往右拐。 He stood at the back of the door. 他站在門背后。 提示:方位詞成對使用構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)時，不用定冠詞。The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 這條河自西向2000公里長。 They traveled through the country from south to north. 他們自南向北在這個國家旅行。9). 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前the Pacific 太平洋the Red Sea 紅海the South China Sea 南中國海the Yangtze River 長江 the Nile 尼羅河the West Lake 西湖 the Himalayas 喜馬拉雅山 the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈提示:例外的情況: Mount Tai泰山 China Daily中國日報10). 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示一家人。看做復(fù)數(shù)The Greens will move to the country. 格林一家要搬到鄉(xiāng)下去。 The Browns are very friendly. 布朗夫婦都很友好。 11). 用在單數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或物，強調(diào)整個類別(可表示該事物的全體)the dollar 美元;the fox 狐貍；The orange is a kind of fruit. 橘子是一種水果。 The horse is a useful animal. 馬是一種有用的動物。 The computer is important to us. 電腦對我們來說是重要的。 提示:不定冠詞+單數(shù)名詞，不帶冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞也可表示一類人或物。A car runs faster than a bus. 小汽車比公交車跑得快。 Cars run faster than buses. A dog is a faithful animal. 狗是忠實的動物。 Dogs are faithful animals. 12). 和某些形容詞或分詞連用，使形容詞名詞化，代表一類人或物(可表示該事物的全體)the living 生者the happy 幸福的人 the poor 窮人 the rich 富人the impossible 不可能的事the old 老年人the aged 老人 the young 年輕人the sick 病人the blind 盲人 the wounded 傷員 the smooth 順事 the beautiful 美，美的東西 注：表示一類人時，看做復(fù)數(shù)；表示一類事物時，看做單數(shù)The good is what people like. 人們總是喜歡美好的東西。 The old are sick.The rich should help the poor. 富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。The wounded have been sent to the hospital. 傷員已經(jīng)被送到醫(yī)院去了。 13).與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個群體： They are the teachers of this school. (指全體教師) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師)14). 表示演奏樂器時，樂器的前面要加theShe can play the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。 He plays the violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。 He played the guitar for the children. 他給孩子們彈了吉他。 中國樂器名詞前不與冠詞連用:play erhu(二胡)提示: 但樂器名詞表示具體的器物，或表示課程時，不加the.He bought a piano last month. 他上個月買了一架鋼琴。 She taught piano in the school. 她在學(xué)校里教鋼琴。15).某些固定的表達法in the morning 在上午in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the night 在夜里In the day 在白天in the daytime 白天the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天the next morning 第二早晨the other day 前幾天at the weekend 周末in the year 2008 在2008年at (/in) the beginning 開始at the moment 當(dāng)時，此刻all the year round 一年到頭in the sun 在陽光下in the sky 在空中 in the water 在水中in the field 在田野里 in the country 在鄉(xiāng)間in the rain 在雨中in the dark 在暗處 in the shade 在陰涼處in the distance 在遠處 on the right 在右邊 in the front of 在前部in the middle of 在中間at the bottom of 在底部by the way 順便說一下 on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面go to the concert 去聽音樂會 go to the cinema 去看電影 go to the theatre 去看戲 on the way home 回家途中on the plane 在飛機上to tell the truth說實話to keep the peace 保持和平，維持治安all the time 始終 in the end 終于all the same 依然 on the whole 總之 at the same time 同時with the exception of 除以外提示: 下面幾個短語前不加定冠詞： at dawn 在黎明 at night 在晚上 at noon 在正午 at dusk 在黃昏16). 用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國the United States of America 美國the United Nations 聯(lián)合國the Red Cross Hospital 紅十字醫(yī)院the Olympic Games 奧林匹克運動會the New York Times 紐約時報the Peoples Daily 人民日報the Great Wall 長城 the North Pole 北極the Peoples Park 人民公園the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火車站提示:例外的情況: China Daily中國日報17). 用在表示計算單位的名詞前，含有“每，每一”的意思Jim is paid by the hour. 吉姆的工資按小時付。 Eggs are sold by the kilogram. 雞蛋按千克出售。 This cloth is sold by the yard. 這種布按碼出售。 It sells at three dollars the pound. 它以每磅三美元出售。 They sell sugar by the pound. 他們按磅賣糖。 18). 用在前面已提到過的人的身體部位或衣著的名詞前表示所有，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前這種用法是先把整個對象說出來，然后再說到那個對象的身體的局部或衣著。 結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take)+sb.+介詞(in, on, by, across)+身體部位或衣著 She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰他的肩。 He took the girl by the hand. 他拉著小女孩的手。 He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。 The stone struck the man in the eye. 石頭擊中了那人的眼睛。 I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。 比較：她拍了拍那男孩的頭。 She patted the boy on his head. （X誤） She patted the boy on the head. （正） 19). 用在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，表示年代，也指人的大約歲數(shù)The war broke out in the forties. 那場戰(zhàn)爭發(fā)生在40年代。 He went abroad in the 1980s. 他在20世紀80年代出國的。 The old man is in the seventies. 老人大約七十幾歲。 20). 用在表示自然現(xiàn)象的名詞前 the rain 雨，the wind風(fēng), the fog霧，the snow雪, the air空氣, the storm風(fēng)暴，the snowstorm 暴風(fēng)雪Dont stand in the rain. 不要站在雨中。 The wind blew down the trees. 風(fēng)把樹刮倒了。 The ship sank in the storm. 船在風(fēng)暴中沉沒了。 The rain has cleaned the air. 下雨凈潔了空氣。 The fog was so thick that we couldnt see the top of the hill. 霧很大，我們看不見山頂。 提示 a）這類名詞前有形容詞修飾時，可用不定冠詞，表示“一場，一陣，一種” A cold wind is blowing from the north. 冷風(fēng)從北方吹來。 There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一場大雨。 b）這類名詞表示一般物質(zhì)時，不用冠詞。 Rain falls in summer; snow falls in winter. 夏天下雨，冬天下雪。 Man cant live without air. 沒有空氣人不能活。 21). 與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個群體They are the teachers of this school. (指全體教師) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師) 22). 不用定冠詞場合如下名詞前已有作定語用的this，that，these，those，my，your，his，her，our，their，some等限定詞。this eraser，her pencil-box，some boxes，these women等。 泛指的不可數(shù)名詞前一般不用冠詞。meat，rice，water，bread，tea，milk，juice等。 表示學(xué)科的名詞前一般不用冠詞。Chinese，maths，English，physics，history等。 在三餐飯和球類運動前一般不用冠詞。have breakfastlunchsupper，play basketballfootballvolleyballtable tennistennispingpong等。 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指時不用冠詞。His parents are both workers他父母都是工人。 The people in the room are doctors房間里那些人是醫(yī)生。 季節(jié)、節(jié)日、星期、月份前不用冠詞。autumn，winter，Teachers Day，Childrens Day，Sunday，Wednesday，F(xiàn)ebruary，October等。 表示顏色、語種和國家的名詞前不用冠詞。white，brown，F(xiàn)rench（法語），Japanese（日語），Australia，America（美國）等。 表示稱呼語的名詞之前以及職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞后也跟有名詞時不用冠詞。Whats wrong，Granny？老奶奶，怎么啦？ Doctor Green is a scientist格林博士是位科學(xué)家。 二、不定冠詞基本用法：不定冠詞主要用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前（1） 不定冠詞有a和an兩種：a用于輔音音素(一般讀做e)開頭的詞前，an用于元音音素(一般讀做en)開頭的詞前。 例如：a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple, a tall elephant （2）用來表示“一”的意思，但不強調(diào)數(shù)的觀念，只說明名詞為不特定者。 即不具體說明是何人何物。A teacher is looking for you. We work five days a week. （3）不定冠詞含有“”的意思，但數(shù)量觀念沒有one強烈，在句子里邊一般可以不必譯出，但若有“一個”的意思則譯出 An orange is good for you. 桔子對你有好處。 （4）一般用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，指人或事物的某一種類。 Bill is a student. Pass me an apple, please. （5）用在某些固定詞組中。 a lot of a moment ago a few a little （6）可用在表示數(shù)量的詞組中：four times a day half a kilo half an hour（7） 某類人或物（可用在表語、同位語中）：She is a Canadian (dancer.)她是加拿大人（舞蹈演員）。A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.不定冠詞位置：不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：a. 位于下列形容詞之后： such，what，many，half，I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.許多人適合這份工作b. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.c. quite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather，quite 前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。如：quite a lot d. 在as，though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，當(dāng)標(biāo)語為形容詞修飾的名詞時，不定冠詞放形容詞后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢，可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。當(dāng)名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時，不定冠詞通常置于比較級形容詞之后。定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等詞之后，名詞之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。三、不用冠詞的情況1）星期、月份、季節(jié)節(jié)日前一般不用冠詞。但是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前習(xí)慣用冠詞。Allofuslikethespringfestival.我們喜歡春節(jié)。ItsSundaytoday.今天是星期天。HewasbornonJune12,1999.他出生于1999年6月12日。TodayisFathersDay.今天是父親節(jié)。Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎但是如果被一個限制性定語修飾或有表示繼續(xù)的介詞during,through時表示一段特定的時間，則在季節(jié)前要加定冠詞。ShecametoShanghaiinthespringof1987.她是一九八七年春天來上海的。TheschoolwascompletedintheSeptemberof2000.這學(xué)校是2000年9月落成的。Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.他夏天的每一天都游泳。雖不特指某一年的季節(jié)，但說話人把某季節(jié)看作一年的一部分，即一年的某一時間。則在季節(jié)前要加定冠詞。Weplayfootballinthewinter.2）在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。Mr.Liisourheadmaster.李先生是我們的校長。AfterlunchAuntHuangcamein.午飯后黃阿姨來了。3）名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示一類人或事物時。但若名詞復(fù)數(shù)被一個限制性定語修飾，則要加定冠詞the.Ilikecakesverymuch.我非常喜歡蛋糕。MyfatherandmotherarethedoctorsinPeoplesHospitalofShangha4）在三餐飯，球類運動與棋類游戲，學(xué)科名稱的名詞前。但若表示某一種或某一個特定的概念時用冠詞。Hehadsupperwithusyesterday.Itsaverygoodsupper.他昨天和我們吃晚飯，這是一頓豐盛的晚餐。Mybrotherlikestoplayfootball.我兄弟喜歡踢足球。Letsgoandwatchthemplaychess.讓我們?nèi)タ此麄兿缕濉?）在物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名，地名等專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前.但若可數(shù)名詞有其它限制詞修飾時，則要加定冠詞the.Smithisourteacher.史密思是我們的老師。Milkisgoodforus.牛奶對我們有好處。Thewaterinthepoolisverydirty.坑里的水很臟。6）名詞前已有作定語的this、that、my、your、some、any、等限定詞時Comethisway,please.Ivesomequestiontoaskyou.Mybrotherisastudent.詞法冠詞專項練習(xí)一、 選擇填空：( ) 1. She is _ girl. She is _ English girl. A. aa B. an.a C. a.an D. a./( ) 2. Tom is _ English. He is _ English boy. A. an.an B. /.an C. / D. aa ( ) 3. _ live in Room 208. A. The Green B. Green C. The Greens D. Greens ( ) 4. January is _ first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the ( ) 5. We should think of _ old and _ sick. A. a.a B. ana C. the.the D. /./( ) 6. _ number of the students in our class is 52. A. A B. An C. The D. / ( ) 7. She can play _ piano, but she cant play _ football. A. thethe B. the/ C. /the D. a.a ( ) 8. There is _ s in the word six and _ s is the first letter of the word. A. athe B. a.an C. anthe D. aa ( ) 9. A horse is _ useful animal. A. an B. a C. the D. this ( ) 10. He has already worked for _ hour. A. an B. a C. the D. three ( ) 11. Lucy wants to become _. A. some teacher B. a teacher C. teacher D. teachers ( ) 12. Hainan is _ islands, isnt it? A. the B. one C. a D. an ( ) 13. What do you usually do after _? A. the class B. class C. the classes D. a class ( ) 14. Ill have to buy _ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. pair ( ) 15. Ive thrown my old shoes away. Ill have to buy _. A. a new pair B. a new one C. some new D. some new pair ( ) 16. My uncle told me he was going to visit _. A. the United State B. the United States C. United States D. United States ( ) 17. They failed six times, but they have decided to try _. A. seven times B. the seven time C. the seventh time D. seventh time ( ) 18. Who are those boys? One is my brother and _. A. the big boy is Mike B. a big boy is Mike C. the big boy is a Peter D. a big boy is a Peter ( ) 19. You will find _ girl in black. She is _ teacher. A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the ( ) 20. _ birds can fly every high in _ sky. A. The, the B. The, a C. An, the D. A, the ( ) 21. Im not looking at _. A. sun B. sky C. the sun D. some sky ( ) 22. The little boy wishes to be _. A. Lei Feng B. the Lei Feng C. this Lei Feng D. a Lei Feng ( ) 23. _ have studied English in our school. A. Most of students B. The most students C. Most of the students D. Most student ( ) 24. Toms brother hit Bob on _ nose. A. his B. the C. its D. a ( ) 25. We are going to have an exam _. A. in the class B. in a class C. at the class D. in class ( ) 26. We have had _. A. good dinner B. a good dinner C. the good dinner D. good dinners ( ) 27. _ fine weather we have today! Lets go swimming. A. What a B. How C. What D. How a ( ) 28. Theres _ apple tree behind _ house. A. an, the B. a, a C. an, a D. the, the ( ) 29. We can see the sun in _ daytime, but we cant see it at _ night. A. a, the B. the, / C. a, / D. an, / ( ) 30. I saw _ old man walking across the street and _ old man looked worried. A. an, an B. the, the C. an, the D. the, an ( ) 31. What _ it is! A. a heavy rain B. heavy rain C. a heavy rains D. heavy rains ( ) 32. _ time we had at the party! A. What wonderful B. What a wonderful C. How wonderful D. How a wonderful ( ) 33. _ tallest building in the town is _ Bank of China. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a D. A, the ( ) 34. Little Tom looked at the big shark _. A. in the surprise B. in surprised C. in surprise D. at a surprise ( ) 35. _ more carefully you ride, _ fewer falls youll get. A. The, the B. A, the C. The, a D. A, a ( ) 36. He has made _ decision that he will be _ inventor some time. A. a, the B. a, an C. the, an D. the, the ( ) 37. - We havent seen for _ long time. Where have you been? - I have been for _ holiday with my parents. - Have _ nice time! - Thank you. A. a, the, a B. the, a, a C. a, a, a D. a, the, the ( ) 38. - Excuse me, can you tell me way to _ Xinhua Bookstore? - Go along this road, and then turn to _ right at _ first crossing, at_ end of the street, you can find it. A. the, a, the, the, the B. a, the, the, a, the C. the, the, the, a, the D. the, the, the, the, the ( ) 39. Why not take _ friend with you? Thats _ good idea. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a ( ) 40. Take the medicine three times _ day. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 41. English is _ language. It is _ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, / ( ) 42. Meimei has _ high fever and his mother is looking after her. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 43. Lucy takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C. / D. an ( ) 44. Paper is made of _ wood. A. a B. the C. / D. that ( ) 45. _ February is the se