研究生英語1—9單元課文+翻譯.pdf

1111 級能電院級能電院 PJUPJU 實驗室實驗室 宮建峰宮建峰 潘磊潘磊 手打整理手打整理 googlegoogle 友情友情翻譯翻譯 祝大家考試順利 Unit 1 Ghosts for Tea Ten pence for a view over the bay said the old man with the telescope Lovely clear morning Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935 Ten pence was sheer robbery but the view was certainly magnificent Cliffs stretched into the distance sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach and a few yachts with creamy white sails were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea Just below a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water A mile out to sea the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks which were being greedily licked by the waves In no way indeed did I grudge my money As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse the man beside me tapped my wrist Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse he asked in a hushed whisper I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic looking place I suggested It s no legend declared the old man My father knew the two men involved lt all took place fifty years ago to day Let me tell you His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms he began with terrifying seas surging and crashing over the rocks People on shore were anxious about the two men working there They d been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before when they had quarrelled over cards in the village inn Martin had accused Blake of cheating Blake had vowed to avenge the insult to his honour But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected they apologised to each other and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement But some slight resentment and bitterness remained and it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough weather might affect their nerves though needless to say their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be Fifty years ago to night no light appeared in the tower and only at two o clock in the morning did the beam suddenly start to flash out its warning again The next morning the light was still visible The storm had almost blown itself out so a relief boat set out to investigate A grim discovery awaited the crew The men s living room was in a horrifying state The table was over turned a pack of playing cards was scattered everywhere bloodstains splashed the floor The relief men climbed the winding stair to the lantern room and there discovered Martin s body crouched beside the burning lamp He had been stabbed and was dead Two days later Blake s body was washed up scratched bruised and terribly injured Only then could we really start guessing what had happened This great tragedy could only have been due to a renewal of their quarrel Bored and depressed as a result of their isolation Martin and Blake must have started to play cards Again suspecting cheating Martin had accused his former friend of dishonesty a fight had broken out and Blake had seized his knife In a fit of madness he had attacked his companion who had fallen mortally wounded Then appalled by what he had done the loneliness the battering of wind and waves Blake had rushed to the parapet and flung himself on to the rocks below where the sea had claimed him But Martin was still alive Hours later after darkness had fallen he had recovered consciousness He remembered his job of lighting the lamp suffering intense pain the poor wretch crawled slowly up the winding staircase dragging himself from step to step till he got to the lantern At his last gasp he managed to light this before finally collapsing For years afterwards it was said that the lighthouse was haunted and owing to these stories they didn t have any applicants for the job of lighthouse keeper from among the superstitious local inhabitants And now they say that on every anniversary of that day especially when the sea is rough you can stand in the living room hear the cards failing and the sound of angry cries see the flash of a blade and then glimpse a figure rushing to the parapet And then you hear the slow dragging of a body from step to step towards the room above The old man paused and I turned to go By the way he added have you any free time this afternoon If so why don t you have tea 1111 級能電院級能電院 PJUPJU 實驗室實驗室 宮建峰宮建峰 潘磊潘磊 手打整理手打整理 googlegoogle 友情友情翻譯翻譯 祝大家考試順利 in the lighthouse We are putting on a special boat trip to day We re charging a pound And my brother who bought the old lighthouse when they built the new one just on the point can serve very good teas there included in the price of the boat trip a bargain considering the problem of obtaining the food And if you are at all sensitive to the supernatural you re likely to have an unusual perhaps an uncanny experience there I eyed him appreciatively You re wasting your talents I said You should have been a fiction writer You don t believe it exclaimed the old man indignantly I d find it a job I answered My father Henry Cox started as keeper of that lighthouse fifty two years ago and he and Jim Dowley now retired on a pension were in charge for ten years Come and see my dad one day with that tale he d enjoy it But the old man had already turned his attention to a more likely client Google 翻譯 10 便士比灣景 望遠鏡歲男子說 可愛的晴朗的早晨 有一個在舊燈塔的外觀和 1935 年的偉大沉船的遺骸 10 便士是純粹的搶劫 但肯定宏偉 懸崖距離拉長 風刮起的粼粼波光展開上海灘 和一些游艇 奶油白帆 彎 曲和回避在海面上擺好 就在下面 一群海鷗在彼此的尖叫 因為他們扭曲和過 水下滑 一英里的大海 古老的燈塔站在一塊石頭平臺上的巖石上 被貪婪由海 浪舔 沒有辦法 的確我的錢我懷恨在心 正如我朝燈塔的望遠鏡 在我身旁的 男子拍了拍我的手腕 你有沒有聽說過的可怕的悲劇發(fā)生在該燈塔 他要求在一個安靜的低語 我想可能有大量的這樣一個戲劇性的前瞻性傳說 我建議 它沒有傳說中的 宣布老人 我的父親知道兩人 involved lt 都發(fā)生在 五十年前天 讓我告訴你 他的聲音似乎更深入和更戲劇性的增長 整整一個星期 燈塔已被隔離風暴 他就開始 可怕的海洋涌動和撞擊 在巖石上 岸上的人們在那里工作的兩項男子著急 他們會被上最好的條款 直 到兩 三個星期前 當他們爭吵過卡的鄉(xiāng)村小旅館 馬丁曾指責布萊克作弊 布 萊克曾發(fā)誓報復侮辱他的榮譽 但由于他們都尊重一個人的明智的意見 他們向 對方道了歉 并很快似乎超過了他們的分歧 但一些輕微的不滿和怨恨依然存在 不過 有人擔心 繼續(xù)孤立和惡劣天氣的應變可能會影響他們的神經 不用說 他們的朋友 沒想到后果將如何嚴重 五十年前夜 沒有光出現在塔中 只有兩個點鐘在早上梁突然開始再次閃 爍的警告 第二天早上 光仍清晰可見 風暴幾乎吹自己 使救援艇著手調查 一個 嚴峻的發(fā)現期待已久的船員 男子的客廳是一個可怕的狀態(tài) 表過轉身 一包打 牌到處散布 血跡濺到地板 救濟男子爬上蜿蜒的樓梯 燈籠室 并有發(fā)現 馬丁的身體 蹲在旁邊燃燒的燈 他被刺傷 已經死了 兩天后 布萊克的 尸體被沖上 劃傷 擦傷 而且非常受傷 只有到那時 我們才真正開始猜測發(fā)生了什么事 由于延長了他們的爭吵 只可能被這個偉大的悲劇 其隔離無聊 郁悶 馬丁和布雷克已經開始打牌 再 次懷疑作弊 馬丁曾指控他不誠實的前朋友 戰(zhàn)斗爆發(fā)和布雷克抓住他的刀 在 一個瘋狂的契合 他襲擊了他的同伴 曾跌至身受重傷 然后 他所做的一切感 到震驚 孤獨 風浪毆打 布雷克趕到女兒墻 甩到自己到下面的巖石 其中海 1111 級能電院級能電院 PJUPJU 實驗室實驗室 宮建峰宮建峰 潘磊潘磊 手打整理手打整理 googlegoogle 友情友情翻譯翻譯 祝大家考試順利 曾聲稱他 但馬丁還活著 幾個小時后 黑暗下降后 他恢復了知覺 他想起了他的 工作照明燈 遭受劇烈疼痛 窮光蛋爬蜿蜒的樓梯慢慢地 拖著自己從步驟步驟 直到他得到了燈籠 在他最后的 喘氣 他光前終于崩潰 多年來 事后有人說 鬧鬼的燈塔 而且 由于這些故事 他們沒有從迷 信的當地居民之間的工作的燈塔管理人的任何申請 而現在 他們說周年的那一 天的每一個 尤其是在驚濤駭浪的 你可以站在客廳 聽到卡失敗 憤怒的呼喊 聲 看到刀片的閃光 然后瞥見一個圖搶著女兒墻 然后你聽到從上面一步一步 走向房間的身體慢拖 老人停了下來 我轉身要走 的方式 他補充說 你有任何空閑時間今天下午嗎 如果是這樣 為什 么你有沒有茶中的燈塔 我們將在一個特殊的乘船游覽的一天 我們的收費一斤 和我的兄弟 誰買的舊燈塔 當他們建立了新點 可以起到很好的茶 包括乘 船游覽的價格 便宜 考慮獲得食物的問題 而如果你是超自然的敏感 你可 能有一個不尋常的 也許是一個離奇的經驗 我看著他感激地 你浪費了自己的才華 我說 你應該有一個科幻 作家 你不相信嗎 驚呼老頭憤憤 我覺得這是一個工作 我回答 我的父親 亨利考克斯作為門將 燈 塔開始 五十年前 他和吉姆 Dowley 現在退休養(yǎng)老金 負責十年 快來看看 我的爸爸有一天 故事 他會喜歡它 但老漢已經把注意力轉向一個更有可能的客戶 1111 級能電院級能電院 PJUPJU 實驗室實驗室 宮建峰宮建峰 潘磊潘磊 手打整理手打整理 googlegoogle 友情友情翻譯翻譯 祝大家考試順利 Unit 2 Individuals and Masses Aldous Huxley A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways as a member of some familial professional or religious group or as a member of a crowd Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them a crowd is chaotic has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking Assembled in a crowd people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own They become very excitable they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility they are subject to sudden excesses of rage enthusiasm and panic In a word a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant He is a victim of what I have called herd poisoning Like alcohol herd poison is an active extravagant drug The crowd intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic animal mindlessness Reading is a private not a collective activity The writer speaks only to individuals sitting by themselves in a state of normal sobriety The orator speaks to masses of individuals already well primed with herd poison They are at his mercy and if he knows his business he can do what he likes with them Unlike the masses intellectuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts Their critical habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority Intel lectuals are the kind of people who demand evidence and are shocked by logical inconsistencies and fallacies They regard over simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for the slogans the unqualified assertions and sweeping generalizations which are the propagandist s stock in trade Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self evident Propaganda on the other hand teaches us to accept as self evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgement or to feel doubt The propagandist must therefore be consistently dogmatic All his statements are made without qualifications There are no greys in his picture of the world every thing is either diabolically black or celestially white He must never admit that he might be wrong or that people with a different point of view might be even partially right Opponents should not be argued with they should be attacked shouted down or if they become too much of a nuisance liquidated Virtue and intelligence belong to human beings as individuals freely associating with other individuals in small groups So do sin and stupidity But the subhuman mindlessness to which the demagogue makes his appeal the moral imbecility on which he relies when he goads his victims into action are characteristic not of men and women as individuals but of men and women in masses Mindlessness and moral idiocy are not characteristically human attributes they are symptoms of herd poisoning In all the world s higher religions salvation and enlightenment are for individuals The kingdom of heaven is within the mind of a person not within the collective mindlessness of a crowd In an age of accelerating over population of accelerating over organization and ever more efficient means of mass communication how can we preserve the integrity and reassert the value of the human individual This is a question that can still be asked and perhaps effectively answered A generation from now it may be too late to find an answer and perhaps impossible in the stifling collective climate of that future time even to ask the question Google 翻譯 一個男人或女人使直接接觸社會的兩種方式 一些家庭 專業(yè)或宗教群體的 成員 或作為一個人群的成員 組是正在形成的個人道德和智能能力 人群混亂 沒有自己的目的 除非明智的行動和現實思考的能力 組裝在人群中 人們失去 了他們的權力的推理和道德選擇能力 他們的暗示是增加的地步 他們不再有任 何判決或將自己的 他們變得非常興奮的 他們失去了所有的個人或集體的責任 意識 他們突然過度憤怒 熱情和恐慌 總之 一個人在人群中的表現 雖然他 1111 級能電院級能電院 PJUPJU 實驗室實驗室 宮建峰宮建峰 潘磊潘磊 手打整理手打整理 googlegoogle 友情友情翻譯翻譯 祝大家考試順利 吞下了大劑量的一些強大的醉人 他是我所說的 從眾中毒 的受害者 像酒精 追風毒是一個積極的 奢侈的藥物 人群進入一種瘋狂 動物 mindlessness 陶醉 個人責任 智慧和道德逃脫 閱讀是私人的 不是一種集體活動 作者只說個人 坐在自己在一個正常的 清醒狀態(tài) 演說者講個人的群眾 已經引從眾毒藥 他們是在他的憐憫 如果他 知道他的生意 他可以做什么 他喜歡與他們 知識分子與群眾不同的是 有一個理性和利益的一個事實的味道 他們的心 態(tài)的關鍵習慣 使他們抵抗的 運作良好 大多數人的一種宣傳 英特爾 lectuals 樣的人需求的證據和邏輯上的不一致和謬論感到震驚 他們認為心靈的原罪過于 簡單化 并沒有使用的口號 不合格的斷言和一概而論 這是宣傳的股票在貿易 哲學教導我們感到不確定的事情 似乎我們不言而喻 宣傳 另一方面 教 導我們要接受不言自明的事項 它是合理的 暫停我們的判斷 或心存疑問 因 此 必須堅持教條式的宣傳 他的言論是沒有資格 有在他的世界圖景沒有灰色 每一件事情是 diabolically 黑色或想象不到白色的 他決不承認 他可能是錯誤 的 人們用不同的觀點 甚至可能是部分正確的的 不應該被認為 與反對者 他們應該受到攻擊 喊了下來 或如果他們成為太大的滋擾 清算 美德和情報屬于人類自由與小團體中的其他個人相關聯的個人 所以做罪惡 和愚蠢的 但非人 mindlessness 煽動者使得他的上訴 他所依賴時 他 goads 他 付諸行動的受害者 道德愚蠢的男性和女性作為個人 但男性和女性在群眾的特 點 Mindlessness 和道德白癡是不是典型的人文屬性 它們是豬群中毒癥狀 在世界上所有的更高的宗教 救亡和啟蒙的個人 天國是在一個人的頭腦 不屬 于集體 mindlessness 人群 加快人口過多 加快組織和更加有效的大眾傳播手段的時代 我們怎么能保 存的完整性和重申人類個體的價值 這是一個問題 仍然可以要求也許有效回答 從現在開始的一代 它可能為時已晚 找到答案 也許是不可能的 在令人窒息 的氣候 未來一段時間的集體 甚至要問的問題 1111 級能電院級能電院 PJUPJU 實驗室實驗室 宮建峰宮建峰 潘磊潘磊 手打整理手打整理 googlegoogle 友情友情翻譯翻譯 祝大家考試順利 Unit 3 On Friendship Margret Mead Rhoda Metraux Few Americans stay put for a lifetime We move from town to city to suburb from high school to college in a different state from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement With each move we are forever making new friends who become part of our new life at that time For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships Today millions of Americans vacation abroad and they go not only to see new sights but also in those places where they do not feel too strange with the hope of meeting new people No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend But surely the beginning of a friendship is possible Surely in every country people value friendship They do The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being In those European countries that Americans are most likely to visit friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other more casual relations and is differently related to family life For a Frenchman a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment But as we use the word friend can be applied to a wide range of relationships to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place to a close business associate to a childhood playmate to a man or woman to a trusted confidant There are real differences among these relations for Americans a friendship may be superficial casual situational or deep and enduring But to a European who sees only our surface behavior the differences are not clear As they see it people known and accepted temporarily casually flow in and out of Americans homes with little ceremony and often with little personal commitment They may be parents of the children s friends house guests of neighbors members of a committee business associates from another town or even another country Coming as a guest into an American home the European visitor finds no visible landmarks The atmosphere is relaxed Most people old and young are called by first names Who then is friend Even simple translation from one language to another is difficult You see a Frenchman explains if I were to say to you in France This is my good friend that person would not be as close to me as someone about whom I said only This is my friend Anyone about whom I have to say more is really less In France as in many other European countries friends generally are of the same sex and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that women can t be friends but they also admit sometimes that for women it s a different thing And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman There is also the kind of relationship within a group men and women who have worked together for a long time who may be very close sharing great loyalty and warmth of feeling They may call one another copains a word that in English becomes friends but has more the feeling of pals or buddies In French eyes this is not friendship although two members of such a group may well be friends For the French friendship is a one to one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other person s intellect temperament and particular interests A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon Your political philosophy assumes more depth appreciation of a play becomes sharper taste in food or wine is accentuated enjoyment of a sport is intensified And French friendships are compartmentalized A man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions or he may talk politics with him for a long time without knowing about his personal life Different friends fill different niches in each person s life These friendships are not made part of family life A friend is not expected to spend evenings being nice to children or courteous to a deaf grandmother These duties also serious and enjoined are primarily for relatives Men who are friends may meet in a cafe Intellectual friends may meet in larger groups for evenings of conversaton Working people may meet at the little 1111 級能電院級能電院 PJUPJU 實驗室實驗室 宮建峰宮建峰 潘磊潘磊 手打整理手打整理 googlegoogle 友情友情翻譯翻譯 祝大家考試順利 bistro where they drink and talk far from the family Marriage does not affect such friendships wives do not have to be taken into account In the past in France friendships of this kind seldom were open to any but intellectual women Since most women s lives centered on their homes their warmest relations with other women often went back to their girlhood The special relationship of friendship is based on what the French value most on the mind on compatibility of outlook on vivid awareness of some chosen area of life Friendship heightens the sense of each person s individuality Other relationships commanding as great loyalty and devotion have a different meaning In World War II the first resistance groups formed in Paris were built on the foundation of les copains But significantly as time went on these little groups whose lives rested in one another s hands called themselves families Where each had a total responsibility for all it was kinship ties that provided the model And even today such ties crossing every line of class and personal interest remain binding on the survivors of these small secret bands In Germany in contrast with France friendship is much more articulately a matter of feeling Adolescents boys and girls from deeply sentimental attachments walk and talk together not so much to polish their wits as to share hopes and fears and dreams to form a common front against the world of school and family and to join in a