中級口譯翻譯.docx

03年3月英譯中If theres a threat of dangerous deflationa general fall in pricesthe causes lie as much in Europe and Japan as in the United States. The inevitable collapse of Americas speculative boom need not have been especially damaging if the worlds other advanced economies were healthy. Their expanding appetite for imports would have bolstered the United States and so-called emerging market countries, from Brazil to South Korea. The trouble is that other advanced economies arent healthy. Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the worlds three major economies. Prices drop because theres too little global demand chasing too much global supplyeverything from steel to shoes. Japans ills are well known its banks are awash in bad loans. Less understood (at least in the United States) is the fact the Europes troubles stem significantly from Germany. Germany is Europes “sick man”, just as Japan is Asias. Only 15 years ago, these countries seemed poised to assume leadership of the world economy. Now they are dragging it down.【參考譯文】 如果通貨緊縮即（消費品）價格普遍下跌（的現(xiàn)象）會帶來危害，歐洲、日本同樣還有美國難逃其咎。如果世界上其它發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體良好，（即使）美國投機熱不可避免地覆滅，（也）不會帶來特別的危害。那些國家熱衷于進口，確實給美國和一些所謂新興市場國家如巴西、韓國打了一針強心劑。不過）問題在于其它發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體并不完善。如果全球三大經(jīng)濟體同時下滑，通貨緊縮就會產(chǎn)生。從鋼鐵業(yè)到鞋業(yè)，全球需求急劇萎縮，而供給卻源源不斷，從而/這樣就會導(dǎo)致商品價格下跌。眾所周知的是，日本的癥結(jié)在于銀行不良貸款的沖擊。但有一點全世界（至少美國）搞不太明白，即歐洲國家的經(jīng)濟問題主要由德國引起。德國是歐洲的病根，就像日本是亞洲的病根一樣，僅僅15年前，這些國家曾信誓旦旦地想要扛起全球經(jīng)濟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)大旗，而現(xiàn)在卻在拖后腿。中譯英中國改革開放以來，國民經(jīng)濟年均增長速度達到9.7%。中國已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個全球極富吸引力的大市場。世界各國和地區(qū)不少有遠見卓識的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國，投向了西部，并從投資活動中獲得了豐厚的回報。中國加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商參與中國西部開發(fā)的機會越來越多。西部大開發(fā)一定能成為溝通世界各國和中國的一座橋梁，促進中國和世界經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展，共同繁榮。中譯英【參考譯文】 Since the adoption of opening and reform policy, Chinas annual growth of national economy has reached 9.7%. China has developed into a big market attractive to the world.Numerous/A number of entrepreneurs of foresight around the world have cast their eye to China, especially the west China and gained abundant profit/profitability from investment.After Chinas entry into the WTO, there are more and more opportunities for foreign businessmen to join in the development of the West.The Great Western Development is sure to be a bridge between China and the rest world, which promotes/promoting the common development and prosperity of China and the world.03年9月英譯中The expansion of the universities since the beginning of World War II and the great increase in number of college graduates and ph. Ds have produced a corps of technicians, aides, speechwriters, symbol manufactures, investigators, and policy proposers who are now employed by practical men in all institutions. These people, called intellectuals in the sense that they deal with symbols and ideas, have become professionalized in exactly the same sense as the engineer. Unlike the engineer, however, these professional intellectuals are free from much of the routine grind of daily work: they carry light teaching load and enjoy government and foundation grants and subsidies for their research. The professors project budget is the initial economic base that supports his independence within the university. The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university, which takes a percentage “overhead” out of every project budget. The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigators independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts. The ability to secure contracts is a genuine talent among professional intellectuals.英譯中【參考譯文】 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，大學(xué)的數(shù)目不斷增長，本科、甚至是博士畢業(yè)生也與日俱增，從而誕生了大批的技術(shù)人員、助手、演講稿撰寫人、徽章生產(chǎn)商、調(diào)查人員和政 策研究員，他們效力于各類務(wù)實的研究所中。這些人員主要解決符號和概念問題，與工程師幾乎一樣高度專業(yè)化，所以人們把它們稱為知識分子。然而這些人員與工程師還有所不同他們不需從事繁重的日常例行工作，僅承擔(dān)少量教學(xué)工作，同時享受政府研究津貼或補貼。教授項目預(yù)算是其最初的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)，使得教師得以在大學(xué)里保持獨立。研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項目預(yù)算。大學(xué)的資金償還在整個項目預(yù)算中占有重要比例。無論來自于政府或商界，項目資金的重要特點是其建立在契約上，即不同的項目可以爭取相同的項目資金，因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨立，就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項目。獲得研究項目是知識分子的一種真正才能。中譯英經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會保持穩(wěn)定，市場經(jīng)濟體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速增長創(chuàng)造了有利的市場環(huán)境。中國政府堅持實行以擴大內(nèi)需為主的發(fā)展方針，并把擴大內(nèi)需與調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，推動科技進步，促進對外開放結(jié)合起來。隨著西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的穩(wěn)步推進，西部地區(qū)的資源優(yōu)勢， 經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢將得到充分發(fā)揮，經(jīng)濟增長的質(zhì)量和水平將進一步提高。中譯英【參考譯文】 Thanks to the rapid (economic) development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology was laid in the western region of China. With the society enjoying a rather satisfactory stability, and the market economy system being established and improved on a daily basis, providing a favourable market environment for the western region to maintain the sustained and rapid economic growth. While focusing on its policy of expanding the western region, the Chinese government also attaches rather great importance to the restructuring of the economy, the promotion of the scentific and technological development, the deepening of the opening-up policy as well. With the stable advance in the development of the western region, the advantages of the region in resources and economy will be given full play, thus further improving the quality and standard of the economic growth.04年3月英譯中For 8 years, students at Michigan State University borrowed tuition money directly from the federal government. But last spring, university officials shucked that arrangement and signed up with private lenders and a state agency that provided loans under a separate federal plan. They guaranteed a profit to the universitysomething the federal government could not do. Sounds sweet for Michigan State, but its not so terrific for federal taxpayers, who will almost certainly wind up shelling out $23.5 million more each year as a result of the change. Michigan State is not unique. Today, dozens of colleges and universities are abandoning the Department of Educations direct-loan plan, lured by the promise of a quick buck from banks, state lending agencies, and most significantly, Sallie Mae, the giant private lender based in Reston, Virginia. In all, 62 colleges and universities have dropped out of the Education Departments direct-loan program since 2000, and the list is growing. Sallie Mae has won over $1 billion in loan business from former direct-loan schools.英譯中【參考譯文】 八年以來，密歇根大學(xué)所需的學(xué)費貸款一直來自聯(lián)邦政府。但是去年春天，該大學(xué)決定停止辦理這種貸款，而改為與一些私人貸款方和機構(gòu)合作，由他們另行提供貸款。密歇根大學(xué)這樣做，可以保證自己獲益，而聯(lián)邦政府卻做不到這一點。對于密歇根來說，這當(dāng)然是件好事?？墒锹?lián)邦納稅人可沒這么幸運了。他們不得不因此每年多支付2350萬美元。 實際上，密歇根并非唯一實施這種貸款政策的州。現(xiàn)在，幾十所大學(xué)放棄了與教育部的直接貸款計劃。之所以這樣做，是因為他們看中了銀行、州立貸款機構(gòu)所許諾的快速回報。Sallie Mae是其中的重要代表，其總部位于弗吉尼亞州萊斯頓市，是一家龐大的私有貸款機構(gòu)。自2000年以來，已有62所大學(xué)放棄了與教育部的直接貸款計劃。現(xiàn)在有越來越多的大學(xué)逐漸加入其中。目前，Sallie Mae已經(jīng)從聯(lián)邦政府手中贏得了總額達10億美元以上的貸款業(yè)務(wù)。中譯英中華民族歷來珍惜和平。中國的崛起，是和平的崛起，是依靠自己力量來發(fā)展自己。中外關(guān)系中，我們一貫主張以鄰為伴、與人為善，同各國發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系。中國現(xiàn)在是、今后相當(dāng)長時間內(nèi)仍將是一個發(fā)展中國家。中國有13億人口，這是最大的國情。中國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已居全球第六位，但人均水平卻排在第138位。我們還面臨不容忽視的失業(yè)、貧困和發(fā)展不平衡等問題。中國要趕上發(fā)達國家，還需要幾代人、十幾代人的艱辛努力。中譯英【參考譯文】 The Chinese nation has always cherished peace. Chinas rise, an achievement accomplished by our own efforts, symbolizes that peace has risen to the dominating position. In getting along with the foreign countries, we consistently adhere to the policy of making partnership and being friendly to the neighboring countries with an aim to seek a friendly cooperation with them. China is and will continue, in a quite long time, to be a developing country. China has a population of 1.3 billion, which is the most important part in our national conditions. It is then no doubt that China ranks 138th per capita while its GDP totals 6th globally. We are now still facing serious problems that we cant avoid such as unemployment, poverty, and unbalanced regional development. To catch up with the developed countries, several, even dozens of generations efforts are still expected.04年9月英譯中As individuals and as a nation, were defined by the choices we make. And too often, by the tough decisions we avoid. Most of us have avoided even thinking about how our rapidly growing population is affecting our quality of life and shaping our society.Our population has more than doubled since World War II, and at this rate, we could be on our way to 1 billion people living in the United States by the end of the century. Our population growth, driven in part by unchecked immigration, is already straining our healthcare and educational systems and, less noticeably but far more important putting a heavy burden on our natural resources.All these pressures on our resources will only worsen unless our leaders begin a national dialogue on the future of this country and start making the tough choices. Politicians are avoiding debate on these issues because they are the most difficult ones to confront. In campaign debating, these are wedge issues. But failure to come to terms with them will drive a wedge between all of us and a prosperous, healthy future for this country.英譯中【參考譯文】 我們作為個人和一個國家（民族），其特性表現(xiàn)為我們所做的選擇，而且還常常表現(xiàn)為我們不想/避免做出的艱難決定（來確定的）。我們大多數(shù)人甚至不去思考我國快速增長的人口是怎樣影響著我們的生活質(zhì)量，決定著我們的社會。二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，我國的人口增加了一倍多。照這樣的數(shù)度增長，到本世紀(jì)末生活在美國的人口有可能達到10 億。造成我國人口增長的一部分原因是我們未對移民加以控制。這種增長已經(jīng)對我國的醫(yī)療保健，教育體制造成壓力。而且是我國的自然資源背上了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)，這一點雖然不太引起人們注意，但是更為重要。除非我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人就國家的未來開始一場全國性的對話，并作出艱難的決定，否則對于我國資源的這些壓力不會減輕。政客們避免就這些問題展開辯論，因為這些問題難以面對。在總統(tǒng)競選辯論中，這些問題會導(dǎo)致分歧。但若不能成功地解決這些問題，我們將無法實現(xiàn)國家繁榮、健康的未來。中譯英本公司成立于1988年。經(jīng)過不斷發(fā)展，目前公司下屬全資專業(yè)從事工程施工的單位有4家，公司參股的企業(yè)有3家。公司擁有一大批技術(shù)人員和管理人員，其中有中高級專業(yè)職稱的占65。雄厚的技術(shù)力量和科學(xué)的管理為公司的健康發(fā)展奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。不斷深化的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟為公司的生存和發(fā)展提供了更大的機遇和空間。近年來，公司先后參與承建了一大批上海市重大工程，為建設(shè)國際大都市作出了應(yīng)有的貢獻。中譯英【參考譯文】 Our company was established /set up in 1988. Through years of continuous development, it currently has 4 wholly-owned enterprises specializing in engineering and construction and 3 enterprises in which it holds equity interests. Our company has a large number of technical and managerial personnel. Among them 65% hold intermediate and senior professional titles. The strong technical force and scientific management have laid a solid foundation for the healthy development of the company.An ever-growing socialist market economy has provided a bigger opportunity and space for the existence/survival and expansion /development of our company. In recent years/over the years，we have participated in /undertaken the construction of a large number of major projects in shanghai, making our contribution in shaping /building shanghai into an international metropolis.05年3月英譯中Americans have come to expect a lot of their presidents, more perhaps than any can deliver. We say that the president runs the country, but in practice, presidents have trouble running large parts of the government. We hold the president responsible for the economy, even though he has few economic levers at his command. We expect the commander in chief to lead us to victory in war, and then we complain when we think he is micromanaging the military.And we tend to think of the president as the personification of the nation he leads. Few other democracies combine the position of head of government and head of state. We do, and some of the bitterness of our politics spring from the conviction of many Americans that this of that president does not really represent their country. Yet as we look back at our presidents, we see them less as partisan politicians than as national leaders, who in different ways have helped develop the strengths and virtues of our nation.英譯中【參考譯文】 美國人對于自己的總統(tǒng)抱有非常高的期望，以至于也許沒有一位總統(tǒng)能夠達到那樣的期望。我們認(rèn)為總統(tǒng)管理著整個國家，但實際上，他們在管理大部分政府部門時會遇到麻煩。盡管總統(tǒng)本身可能沒有多少手段來掌控經(jīng)濟，但我們還是認(rèn)為他應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟負(fù)責(zé)。我們期待總指揮官帶領(lǐng)我們?nèi)〉脩?zhàn)爭的勝利，但是當(dāng)我們認(rèn)為他在一手操控軍隊的時候，又會抱怨。 我們往往將總統(tǒng)比作是他所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國家的化身。很少有其他的民主政體將政府首腦與國家元首的職位合二為一。然而我們國家是這樣做的，我們政治中的弊端根源于許多美國人的觀念，那就是總統(tǒng)的信念不能真正代表他們的國家。但當(dāng)我們回顧歷屆總統(tǒng)時，我們總把他們看作是國家的領(lǐng)袖，而不是黨派政客。這些領(lǐng)袖以各種方式為發(fā)展我國國力及價值觀做出了貢獻。中譯英有人把香港說成是“文化沙漠”。實際上，香港有著其獨特的文化氛圍。在電影制作方面，香港名列世界前茅，其流行歌曲在全球華人中有著廣泛的影響，而且還有8所知名的大學(xué)。這座城市特殊的歷史和地理因素造就了一種多樣化的文化。每年一度由政府主辦的藝術(shù)嘉年華為當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)家展示其獨創(chuàng)性提供了一個廣闊的平臺，并鼓勵更多人參與文化藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，為中國的文華繁榮作出了許多創(chuàng)新和突破。中譯英【參考譯文】 Hong Kong is recognized by some people as the “cultural desert”. However, as a matter of fact, Hong Kong enjoys its unique cultural settings. In terms of film-making, it ranks among the top in the world and its pop songs have an extensive influence among all the Chinese globally. Moreover, there are also 8 well-known universities in Hong Kong. The diversified culture of Hong Kong is attributed to its special history and location. The art carnival hosted by the government annually has provided a broad stage for the local artists to exhibit their originality and encouraged more people to get involved in the production of cultural and art works, thus making a lot of innovations and breakthroughs for the boom of the Chinese culture.05年9月英譯中There is a growing number of economists who believe todays brutally tough labor market is not a temporary American oddity. Falling wages, reduced benefits and rising job insecurity seem to be increasingly entrenched features of the job scene across most of Western Europe, the United States and other parts of the developed world. The number of insecure freelance positions is rising (as are working hours) while stable jobs with good benefits are being cut. Laid-off workers are much less likely to be rehired by their old companies and have to find new jobs or turn to self-employment. Those who still have jobs are working longer hours with little prospect of meaningful raises. The new labor market is shaped by growing global competition, spurred by the rise of cheap manufacturers in China, India and Eastern Europe, and the price-chopping effect of both the Internet and giant retailers led by Wal-Mart. These forces compel Western companies to exercise a growing restraint on prices and labor cost. One thing globalization clearly does is to exert a leveling effect on wages.【參考譯文】 越來越多的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認(rèn)為當(dāng)今美國勞動力市場競爭異常殘酷激烈，這不只是一時的怪現(xiàn)狀。在大多西歐國家、美國及其他發(fā)達國家，降薪、福利削減、工作穩(wěn)定性下降似乎已經(jīng)成為就業(yè)市場越來越難以改變的痼疾。不穩(wěn)定的自由職業(yè)崗位增多（工作時間同樣延長），而穩(wěn)定福利好的工作機會減少。一旦失業(yè)，人們很難被舊東家重聘，所以不得不找份新工作或者自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。而那些尚留在工作崗位上的人員工作時間加長，然而他們加薪前景微乎其微。 中國、印度、東歐各國勞動力價格低廉，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和零售巨頭（比如沃爾瑪）把商品價格一降再降，這就使得全球競爭日益嚴(yán)重。進而，深刻的改變了原來的勞動力市場。結(jié)果，西方國家各家公司既要壓低商品的價格，又要盡量削減成本。很明顯，全球化讓全世界的提薪之日遙遙無期。中譯英 中國有句古話：“相知無遠近，萬里尚為鄰”。中國與亞洲各國山水相連，共同鑄就了燦爛的亞洲文明；古老而美麗的“絲綢之路”，譜寫了中歐千年往來的美好篇章。中國與亞歐各國的互利合作正在步入一個全新的階段。中國已成為亞歐和世界經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的積極力量，我們將堅定走和平發(fā)展的道路，致力于同亞歐各國發(fā)展富有活力和長期穩(wěn)定的全面合作關(guān)系，與亞歐各國相互支持，攜手前進，共創(chuàng)美好的未來?！緟⒖甲g文】 In China, there is an old saying which goes like this, “Long distance never separates close friends.” A ready link connecting this country and many other ones, like the Silk Road, in Asia and Europe helps a lot in bringing about the splendid civilization in Asia and the frequent exchanges and communication between China and the Continent in the past years. Now, we are going a step further in our cooperation based on mutual benefits, enjoying a brand-new bilateral relation. China, a devoted part in promoting the economic development in the 2 continents, will keep her track on the road of peace and development. A corresponding effort made by this country in building a dynamic and long-term cooperation in all fields across Asia and Europe, together with all the other efforts from the 2 continents, will definitely contribute a big part in making the bright future.06年3月 英譯中 As a scourge of the modern society, obesity has become the worlds biggest public-health issue today-the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an epidemic in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and Fast. Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a centurys dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. Thats why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.【參考譯文】 作為現(xiàn)代社會的一個禍害，肥胖已成為當(dāng)今世界最大的公共健康問題。肥胖是引起心臟病的主要原因，現(xiàn)今因心臟病致死的人數(shù)已超過死于艾滋病、瘧疾、戰(zhàn)爭的人數(shù)。自從世界衛(wèi)生組織于 2000 年將肥胖癥定為“流行病”以來，已經(jīng)連篇累牘地發(fā)表了有關(guān)肥胖癥引起可怕后果的報告。 對肥胖癥發(fā)出的公共衛(wèi)生警示，加上傳媒宣傳所形成的壓力，是否會像最終促使煙民們戒煙那樣，說服人們?nèi)p肥呢？這有可能。在富裕國家，健康食品的銷量正在大幅上升，而且新的數(shù)據(jù)表明，在過去的一年美國人的體重有史以來首次略有下降。 但是即使美國人是瘦了一點，美國要解決因半個世紀(jì)以來飲食過度而造成的健康問題，還需要許多年時間。況且，在世界各地，人們的體重仍在增加。這就是為什么現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生們一致認(rèn)為各國政府應(yīng)采取措施來制止人們發(fā)胖。 中譯英 上海是一座朝氣蓬勃、充滿活力、多姿多彩的國際大都市，改革開放以來，上海變化之大令世人矚目。經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展，社會秩序穩(wěn)定，人民安居樂業(yè)，呈現(xiàn)出一片繁華氣象。 今天，盡管上海還有著不少色彩斑斕的過去可以留戀和回味，但城市日新月異的面貌卻使越來越多的世人折服。浦西展示了上海的輝煌歲月，浦東展現(xiàn)了上海的美好前景。上海就像一輪紅日，光芒四射，鮮艷奪目。上海的明天充滿希望。 【參考譯文】 Shanghai is an international metropolis full of vigor, vitality and variety. Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy, Shanghai has attracted worldwide attention for its tremendous changes. The economy is developing rapidly, the social order is stable, and the people live and work in peace and contentment, presenting a scene of prosperity. Today, while Shanghai still has many remnants of its colorful past for people to ponder over, its ever-changing outlook has filled more and more people with great admiration. Puxi exhibits the citys glorious past, and Pudong unfolds its bright future. Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining with boundless radiance and brilliant color. Shanghais tomorrow is full of hope. 06年9月 英譯中The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight. A boat, a machine, a houseall these objects are part of the material culture. The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the oth