動(dòng)詞-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞).doc

動(dòng)詞-ing 形式 (1) 英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將“動(dòng)名詞”和“現(xiàn)在分詞”合稱為“動(dòng)詞-ing”形式。作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，動(dòng)詞-ing具有名詞，形容詞和副詞的特點(diǎn)，它可以在句中作除了謂語(yǔ)以外的所有句子成分。一 動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的構(gòu)成主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般doingbeing done完成Having doneHaving been done否定式：not +doing/ having done Not being done / not having been done 二 動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作定語(yǔ)1）單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾的名詞前，叫做前置定語(yǔ)。2）動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，通常放在被修飾的名詞后，叫做后置定語(yǔ)。3) having (been) done 該結(jié)構(gòu)不能用作后置定語(yǔ)。作用：1）表示用途A smoking room 吸煙室 a walking stick 拐杖 drinking water飲用水A sleeping pill 安眠藥 drawing board 畫板 parking lot 停車場(chǎng)Swimming pool 游泳池 teaching building 教學(xué)樓 changing room 更衣室Driving permit 駕駛許可證 a waiting room 候車室2）表示動(dòng)作boiling water 正在沸騰的水 developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家the setting sun 落日 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽(yáng)in the following days 在接下來(lái)的幾天 the coming week 下一周3) 表所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，可替換成定語(yǔ)從句。備注 此時(shí)該動(dòng)詞和被修飾的名詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系A(chǔ) walking man = a man who is walking A sleeping child= a child who is sleeping. The man standing at the gate is my grandpa. = The man _ at the gate is my grandpa. 拓展 The computer _(repair) now is my brothers. 三 動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。這種表語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)“等價(jià)”His job is teaching Physics in middle school. 有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ),可以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征，常翻譯為“令人.的” disappointing 令人失望的 frightening 令人害怕的 Interesting 有趣的 exciting 令人興奮的 Embrassassing 令人尷尬的 surprising 令人驚訝的 Encouraging 令人鼓舞的 puzzling 令人費(fèi)解的練 習(xí)1. The news that we failed in the competition was _(disappoint). 2. From my point of view, this idea was so _(excite). 3. My brothers job is _(deliver) newspapers every day. 四 動(dòng)詞-ing 形式賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 該用法通常用于 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)中。其中，賓語(yǔ)是v-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)1） 感官動(dòng)詞 see ，hear, notice注意到, smell 聞到, feel , find 發(fā)現(xiàn)， observe 觀察,look at ,listen to notice sb./sth. doing 注意到正在做We saw a boy stealing a womans purse in the street. 2） 使役動(dòng)詞 “ leave, have, keep , get” leave sb/ sth. doing “讓某人或某物一直處于某種狀態(tài) ” 練習(xí)1. He saw the children _(play) in the playground. 2. Im sorry to have kept you _(wait) for me for so long. 3. The child was heard _(cry) in the next room all night. 4The next morning, she found the man _(lie) in bed, dead. 5Do you hear someone _(knock) at the door? 五 動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)可以修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，表示時(shí)間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，行為方式，伴隨或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。備注：1）v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是主句的主語(yǔ)。(破 題)2為了使作狀語(yǔ)的v-ing 形式所表達(dá)更明確，可在前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞(as, because, since, once, though, while, unless ) 解題策略1 觀察逗號(hào)“,”前后是否有連詞，若沒(méi)有，則應(yīng)選擇非謂語(yǔ)2 找到句子主語(yǔ)，分析空白處單詞和 主語(yǔ)之間是否為主動(dòng)關(guān)系3 分析填空處單詞和主句動(dòng)詞是否幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生（doing）；若在主句動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，則選用完成式 （having done）l 原因狀語(yǔ)Because she was ill, she didnt attend the meeting. = Being ill, she didnt attend the meeting. l _狀語(yǔ)When they hear the news, they all jumped with great joy. = Hearing the news, they all jumped with great joy. l 條件狀語(yǔ)If you work hard, youll succeed. (條件狀語(yǔ))= _, youll succeed. l _狀語(yǔ)My car was caught in the heavy traffic jam, causing the delay. l _狀語(yǔ)The students are all in the classroom, doing their homework carefully. Practice！1. When_(see) the cat, the mouse ran off. 2. _(live) in London for years, I almost know every place quite well. 3. _(work) hard, youll succeed. 4. Once _(lose) the chance, you cant easily find it. 5. _(look) out from the window, we found a beautiful garden. 6. They sat in front of the teaching building, _(laugh) and talking. 7. He turned off the lights, _(see) nothing. 8. _(walk) in the street, he caught sight of one of his close friends. 9. _(tell) many times, I still long to watch the movie one more time. 六v-ing 形式的否定式 (直接在v-ing形式前面加not等否定詞匯)1_(know的否定式) her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. 2_(realize的否定) that he was in great danger, Eric walker deeper into the forest. 七 一般式和完成式的區(qū)別當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作和句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)用一般式(doing)；在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)用完成式(having done)。如：_(see) the stranger coming towards him，little Jim ran away as fast as he could. _(study)English for three years, he can read brief stories in English.八 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)The teacher being ill, the lecture was put off. Spring coming, the fields are full of life. 當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，往往在非謂語(yǔ)的前面加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種“名詞/代詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)與句子主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有任何邏輯關(guān)系，被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它是一種從屬結(jié)構(gòu)， 不能單獨(dú)成句 。1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。There _(be) no bus, we had to go back home on foot. More time _(give), we would have done it much better.Weather _(permit), well go to visit the Great Wall. 單句改錯(cuò)1 Having received the reply, he decided to write to him again. 2 While read the book, he wrote down a great many beautiful sentences. 3 We had a good rest in the waited room. 4 Do you know the man ran after He Yi cen? 5 This is