初中英語定語從句講解 (共31張)ppt課件

TheAttributiveClause 定語從句 解決兩個問題 第一 什么是定語 第二 什么可以作定語 概念 定語常常用來修飾名詞 常常放在名詞的前面或名詞后 一 放在名詞前面用來修飾名詞的詞語有哪些 如abigdog mybook theseflowers beautifulpictures總結(jié) 形容詞 adj 形容詞物主代詞 my your his her its our your their 不定代詞 this that these those 常常放在名詞前修飾名詞 紅褲子舊自行車那些樹我們的學(xué)校這只貓藍(lán)色的天空 redpants oldbikes anoldbike thosetrees ourschool thiscat bluesky 注意 形容詞修飾下面三個詞的時候要放到這三個的后面 somethingimportant anythingfunny nothingspecial 二 放在名詞后面用來修飾名詞的詞語有哪些 例如 streetsinBeijing 北京的街道 shopsalongstreets 沿街的商店 thepicturesonthewall 墻上的圖畫 dogsthatlikeeatingfruits 愛吃水果的狗 studentswhohelpedteachers 幫助老師的學(xué)生 總結(jié) 介詞短語和句子修飾名詞的時候 放在名詞的后面介詞短語通常是 介詞 地點等 這里的人們海里的魚教室前面的樹我們家的照片擅長跑步的男孩愛唱歌的小鳥 peoplehere fishesinthesea treesinfrontoftheclassroom thepicturesofmyfamily aboywhoisgoodatrunning birdsthatlikesinging 今天的話題就是定語從句 即一個句子放在一個詞的后面修飾該詞 這個句子就叫定語從句 學(xué)習(xí)定語從句需要牢牢把握三點 第一 定語從句和被修飾詞之間要有一個連接詞連接 該詞在語法上被稱之為 關(guān)系代詞或副詞 第二 被定語從句修飾的詞語 在語法上被稱之 先行詞 該 先行詞 的作用是 在后面的定語從句中充當(dāng)某一個成分 如作主語 作賓語 作定語 作狀語等 第三 先行詞 物還是人 及先行詞在句子中做什么成分 主語 賓語 定語 狀語 決定了用哪個關(guān)系代詞或副詞 WhichbabyisJack 穿紅褲子的baby是Jack Thebabyiswearingredpants ThebabyisJack ThebabyisJack whoiswearingredpants Jack 定語從句 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞who 總結(jié) 先行詞是人且在定語從句中作主語用who引導(dǎo) Whichhouseismine 房 子的 頂是棕色的房子是我的 Thehouseismine whoseroofisbrown Myhouse Thehouse sroofisbrown Thehouseismine 定語從句 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞whose 總結(jié) 先行詞若在定語從句中表 屬于 所有的 用whose引導(dǎo) Italkedwiththeman Themanisourteacher Theman who whom Italkedwith isourteacher Italkedwiththemanwhoisourteacher 總結(jié) 先行詞是人且在定語從句中作賓語用who whom引導(dǎo) 且可以省略 總結(jié) 先行詞是人且在定語從句中作主語用who引導(dǎo) 不可以省略 Thesearethetrees Thetreeswereplantedlastyear Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear 總結(jié) 先行詞是物且在定語從句中作主語或賓語用which引導(dǎo) 這些是去年栽的樹 總結(jié) 先行詞是人且在定語從句中做主語或賓語的時候 關(guān)系代詞 作賓語的時候 用 先行詞若在賓語從句中充當(dāng)定語表示 誰 的 時候 關(guān)系代詞用 先行詞若是物且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語的時候 關(guān)系代詞是 who whom whose which 總結(jié) 若先行詞是人或物 在定語從句中作主語或賓語時都可以用that引導(dǎo) Aplaneisamachine Amachinecanfly Aplaneisamachine canfly Heistheman Itoldyouabouthim Heistheman Itoldyouabout 定語從句中的另一個關(guān)系代詞that which that who whom that 1 Thehouse welivein isveryold 2 Thosearetheshoes Ilost lastweek 3 Thatistheman foundmyhandbag 4 Lucycan teatfood haschocolateinit 5 Thecar myunclebought lastmonthisverybeautiful which that which that who that which that which that 歸納 that 即指人又指物 作主語或賓語 which 只指物 作主語或賓語 who whom指人 who作主語 whom作賓語 that which whom在定語從句中作賓語時 可省去 1 Aplaneisamachine canfly 2 Thecar myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen 3 Thestudents don tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam 4 Thewoman yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher which that which that who that whom that 6 Thevillage GuoPenglivesinisveryfaraway 7 Theboy iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever 8 Ihatepeople talkmuchbutdolittle 9 Thedetectivefoundthethieves robbedtheBankofHawaii 10 Myauntworksinauniversity hasoverfivethousandstudents which that who that who that who that which that 以下情況只能用 that 作關(guān)系代詞 1 先行詞既有指人又有指物 2 當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時或有theonly thevery等修飾時 3 先行詞是all much anything something nothing等不定代詞 4 主句是以who which開頭的特殊疑問句時 Fillintheblanks 1 Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle wereinthefields 2 Thewindblewdownthetallesttree isinfrontofourschoolgate 3 Thisistheverything Iwaslookingfor 4 Thisisthesecondnovel Ihaveeverread 5 Thereisnothingintheworld canfrightenme 6 Whoistheman isreadingunderthetree 7 Whichisthepen youbought that that that that that that that I llneverforgettheday 關(guān)系副詞 一 when Ijoinedtheleagueontheday I llneverforgetthedayonwhenIjoinedtheleague I llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheleague 注意 這里的when是副詞 所以前面的on省略掉 注 但是若把theday看做是on的賓語 我們可以用代替賓語的引導(dǎo)詞which 如下 I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleagueon 關(guān)系副詞 二 where Thisisthehouse Ilivedinthehousetwoyearsago ThisisthehouseinwhereIlivedtwoyearsago 注意 這里的where是副詞 所以前面的in省略掉 注 但是若把thehouse看做是in的賓語 我們可以用代替賓語的引導(dǎo)詞which 如下 ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago ThisisthehousewhereIlivedintwoyearsago Iknowthereason 關(guān)系副詞 三 why Iknowthereasonforwhyshewaslate Shewaslateforthereason Iknowthereasonwhyshewaslatefor Iknowthereasonforwhichshewaslate 7 Ican tforgetthedays Istudiedincollege Ican tforgetthedayson IstudiedincollegeIcan tforgetthedays Ispent incollege 8 Thelibrary weoftenreadbooksonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool 9 Thelibrary weoftenreadin onSundaysisnotfarfromourschool when which which 注意下面的句子引導(dǎo)詞的使用 where which Ican tforgetthedays Istudiedinthecollegeonthedays Ican tforgetthedays Ispentthedaysinthecollege Thelibraryisnotfarfromourschool weoftenreadinthelibraryonSundays 10 Nooneknowsthereason sheisleavingsoearly Nooneknowsthereasonfor sheisleavingsoearly 11 Theycametoariver anewbridgeisbeingbuiltover 12 Theycametoariver anewbridgeisbeingbuilt why which which where Nooneknowsthereason sheisleavingsoearlyforthereason Theycametoariver Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltovertheriver 自 即 介詞 which 引導(dǎo)我定語從句應(yīng)注意 1介測詞的選用至少要考慮以下的兩個因素A 與試先行詞的搭配關(guān)系1 Iwillneverforgettheday Ijoinedthearmy 2 Iwillneverforgetthedays Iworkedintheschool 3 Iwillneverforgettheyear mysonwenttocollege 4 Igothomeat7 00p m yesterday mostpeoplehadhadsupper when onwhich when duringwhich when inwhich when bywhich 5 Istillremembertheday wespentintheforest 6 Istillremembertheday IfirstcametoBeijing 7 Thefactory wewillvisitislarge 8 Thefactory hisfatherworksislarge 9 I llneverforgetthetime weworkonthefarm 10 Thisisthehouse welivedlastyear that which when onwhich that which where inwhich when atwhich where inwhich 歸納 關(guān)系副詞when指時間 關(guān)系副詞where指地點 在定語從句中作狀語 即使先行詞是時間地點 若作從句中的賓語 只能用關(guān)系代詞that which 以下為較難的定語從句 Completethefollowingsentences 1 Isthistheschool youvisited lastyear Isthisschool youvisitedlastyear 2 Heisoneofthestudentswho goodatmath Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho goodatmath 3 Thegirl wasalwayshonestliedtome Thegirl Imet liedtome 4 Idon tknowthetime shearrive 5 Chinaisnolongerthecountry Isaw 10yearsago that which theone are is who whom when that which 在選擇引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞時 有如下要點 1由于關(guān)系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯(lián)系作用 又在從句中充當(dāng)一個成分 因此 要正確判斷關(guān)系代詞在從句中的功能 如作主語還是賓語等 2當(dāng)先行詞指人時 關(guān)系代詞可用who 做主語 賓語 that 做主語 賓語 whom 作賓語 whose 作定語 3當(dāng)先行詞指物時 關(guān)系代詞可用that 做主語 賓語 which 做主語 賓語 4在定語從句中 作賓語的關(guān)系代詞常可省 但在介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略 指人時 介詞后只用whom 指物時 介詞后只用which ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi 若先行詞在定語從句做某個介詞的賓語 如果介詞提前 作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略 指物 只用which指人 只用whom Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks Isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom Theman whom who InoddedtoisMr Li Fillintheblankswithwho whom that orwhich 1Theearthquake hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory 2Wedon tknowthenumberofpeople losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake 3Thehouse theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake 4Ahouse isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninanearthquake 5Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake 6Peo