高中英語(yǔ)Module4sandstormsinAsia-grammar

Module4SandstormsinAsia-Grammar:Infinitive,動(dòng)詞不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ),不定式的用法,不定式的句法功能1.作主語(yǔ):往往放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后,用it作形式主語(yǔ)e.g.:Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.,作主語(yǔ),Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.,Togiveupsmokingisright.,1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語(yǔ)真的很重要。,2.放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。,_withhimisagreatpleasure.A.TotalkB.TalkC.TalkedD.Totalking,本題考察動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)的情況,動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,其他三項(xiàng)都不能用來(lái)做主語(yǔ).本句的意思是:跟他聊天是件很快樂(lè)的事.,2.作賓語(yǔ):作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),往往把不定式放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后,而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。e.g.:Hewantedtogo.IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.,作賓語(yǔ),Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.,Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.,1.Fred沒(méi)有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。,2.他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。,Ididnt_ituntilyouhadexplainedhow.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedoneD.managedoing,本句的意思是:直到你解釋了如何去做我才能做到成功。manage后面用todo形式作賓語(yǔ)。,3.做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)e.g.:Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中,不定式不帶to。,作賓補(bǔ),Sheaskedmetostayhere.,1.她叫我呆在這兒。,2.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹Mr.White給你們。,PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.,Thegovernmentcallsonus_ourproduction.A.IncreasedB.increasingC.IncreaseD.toincrease,本句意思是:政府號(hào)召我們?cè)黾由a(chǎn)。本題考察動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),通常用語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞和一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后。如:wantsbtodo,wishsbtodo,asksbtodo.,注意,有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二聽(tīng)）make,have,let（三讓）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.,Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.,不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)省略to的情況有下列口訣：一感二聽(tīng)三讓五看半幫助。但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),就必須帶上toe.g.:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.,4.作定語(yǔ)Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn),工具等時(shí),不定式后面必須有相應(yīng)的介詞。,作定語(yǔ),Doyouhaveanythingtosay?,1.你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎?,2.Betty是第一個(gè)知道這真相的人,Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth,e.g.：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式即可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但含義有所不同。,試比較：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要（自己）寄嗎？Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么東西要（我或別人）寄嗎？,Atlast,theyfoundahouse_.A.toleavehisthingswithB.toleavehisthingsinC.leavinghisthingsinD.leavinghisthings,本句的意思是:最后他們終于找到了一間可以存放東西的屋子。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式的地點(diǎn),工具等時(shí),不定式后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。,5.作狀語(yǔ),表示目的,原因,結(jié)果或條件。e.g.:IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtofindnobodythere.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.,目的,原因,結(jié)果,條件,作狀語(yǔ),Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Imtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.,目的狀語(yǔ).,原因狀語(yǔ).,結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),6.作表語(yǔ)e.g.:Myjobistohelpthepatient.注意：主,表都是不定式,前者為條件,后者為目的或結(jié)果。Tolearnalanguageistouseit.,作表語(yǔ),MyjobistoteachEnglish.,Toseeistobelieve.,1.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。,2.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。,Mychiefpurposeis_thedifficultiesofthematter.A.pointingoutB.tobepointedC.pointedD.topointout,本句的意思是:我的主要目的是指出問(wèn)題的難處.考查動(dòng)詞不定式做表語(yǔ)的情況。pointout是”指出”的意思。,注意,A.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.,Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.,Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.,注意,B.帶疑問(wèn)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式在to前加疑問(wèn)詞。,Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.,Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?,注意,C.作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to。,A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?,Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).,B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).,Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。,1.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,Letstrysomemoreexercises.,2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,3._lateintheafternoon.Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep,4.Withalotofproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,5.Herwishis_adoctor.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome,1.不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生。e.g.:Isawhimgoout.(同時(shí)）Iplantoattendthemeeting.(之后）,不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),2.如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)。e.g.:Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Theyseemtobetalkingaboutsomethingimportant.(不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作總是同時(shí)發(fā)生的）,3.如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,就要用完成時(shí)。e.g.:Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Heseemstohaveseenthefilm.(不定式的動(dòng)作在前）,4.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。e.g.:Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.Thisbookwassaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.,1.Tom_whentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassed,Haveatry,2.Alltheroomsinthehouserequire_.A.beingcleanedB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned,3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told,1.不定式在介詞but,except,besides,otherthan后面時(shí),如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do(非助動(dòng)詞)的各種形式時(shí),那么這些介詞后面的不定式不帶to,否則帶to。,but+不定式的用法,e.g.:Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Therewasnothingformetodootherthan（but)waituntilthemeetingwasover.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttowait.IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.(無(wú)事可做只有做),2.當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是cant,canthelp,cantchoose等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。canthelpbutdo(不得不干;不可能不干某事)cantbutdo(禁不住，情不自禁)Wecantbutadmirehisbravery.Wecantchoosebutwait.SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcanthelpbutloveher.,注意:but作“除了以外”解時(shí),若前面部分有do,did,done時(shí),but之后接dosth.反之,后接todosth.Hecandonothingbutwait.Hewantednothingbuttoplayinthepark.,1.Sandycoulddonothingbut_tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit,Letstrysomeexercises,2.-Howdidyouspendyourweekend,Jone?-Ididntfindanythinginterestingforme_somewashinginsteadofmymother.A.butdidB.butdoC.butdoingD.buttodo,3.Thestudentsdidnothingexcept_alldaylong.A.playedB.playingC.playD.toplay,Puttheverbsinbracketsintothecorrectinfinitiveforms.Itisfrightening_(walk)intheroadinasandstorm.IhopeIreachhomesoon.2.Expertshope_(learn)moreaboutthemoveme