外文翻譯--自移式液壓支架.doc

英文原文Self-advancinghydraulicpoweredsupportModernlongwallminingemployshydraulicpoweredsupportsatthefacearea.Thesupportsnotonlyholdsuptheroof,pushesthefacechainconveyor,andadvancesitself,butalsoprovidesasafeenvironmentforallassociatedminingactivities.Thereforeitssuccessfulselectionandapplicationaretheprerequisiteforsuccessfullongwallmining.Furthermore,duetothelargenumberofunitsrequired,thecapitalinvestedforthepowersupportusuallyaccountsformorethanhalfoftheinitialcapitalforalongwallface.Thereforebothfromtechnicalandeconomicpointsofview,thepoweredsupportisaveryimportantpieceofequipmentinalongwallface.Theapplicationofmodernpoweredsupportscanbetracedbacktoearly1950s.Sincethen,followingitsadoptionineverypartoftheworld,therehavebeencountlessmodelsdesignandmanufacturedinvariouscountries.Butunfortunately,therestillisnouniformsystemofclassification.Asimplifiedclassificationisusedinthissection.Sinceapoweredsupportconsistsoffourmajorcomponents(i.e.,canopy,cavingshield,hydrauliclegsandprops,andbaseplate),thewaysbywhichtheyareinterrelatedareusedforclassification.Inthisrespect,twofactorsaremostimportant:(1)presenceorabsenceofcavingshield-ifacavingshieldisincluded,thesupportisa“shield”type,otherwise,aframeorachock；(2)numberandtypeofarrangingthehydrauliclegs-sincesupportcapacityisgenerallyproportionaltonumberofhydrauliclegs,itisimportanttospecifythenumberofhydrauliclegsthatasupporthas.Furthermore,thewaythehydrauliclegsareinstalledisimportant；forexample,averticalinstallationbetweenthebaseandthecanopyhasthecavingshieldhastheleastefficiencyinsupportingtheroof.Basedonthisconcept,therearefourtypesofpoweredsupport,thatis,theframe,chock,shieldandchockshield,inorderofevolutionoftheirdevelopment.However,itmustbenotedthatthetrendofdevelopmentineachtypeissuchthatitbecomeslessdistinguishableintermsofapplication.Thefourtypesofroofsupportscanbeobtainedforeitherlongwallretreatingoradvancingsystems,andtheyareavailableinstandard,one-web-back,andimmediateforwardsupport(IFS)versions.Withthestandardsystem,thewiningmachinetakesacutoraslice,andthearmoredfaceconveyorispushedoverbythehydraulicramsthatarefixedtothesupportunits.Thesupportunitsthenareadvancedsequentiallytotheconveyor.Withtheone-web-backsystem,asupportissetbackfromtheconveyorbyadevicethatautomaticallykeepstheleadingedgeofthesupportatafixdistancefromtheconveyor.Thisallowseasyaccessthoughthefaceandemploysthestandardmethodofadvancing；i.e.,pushingtheconveyorfirst,andthenadvancingthesupport.WiththeIFSsystem,thesupportunitsisadvancedtotheconveyorimmediatelyafterthecuttingmachinehaspassed,andtheforwardcanopyofthesupportunitsislongenoughtothesupportboththerecentlyandnewlyexposedroofsections.Afterthesupportshavebeenadvanced,theconveyorispushedover.FRAMETheframesupportisanextensionofthesinglehydraulicpropsconventionallyusedunderground.Thusitisthefirsttypedevelopedinmodernself-advancinghydraulicpoweredsupports.Itinvolvessettinguptwohydraulicpropsorlegsverticallyintandemthatareconnectedatthetopbyasingleortwosegmentedcanopies.Thetwosegmentedcanopiescanbehinge-jointedatanypointbetweenthelegsorinfrontofthefrontleg.Thebaseofthetwohydrauliclegsmaybeacircularsteelshoeweldedatbottomofeachlegorsolidbaseconnectingbothlegs.Generally,aframesupportconsistsoftwoorthreesetsofhydrauliclegs.Thesetmovingfirstisthesecondaryset,thesetmovinglateristheprimaryset.Thereisadouble-actingraminstalledbetweeneachset.Thepistonoftheramisconnectedtothesecondarysetandthecylindertotheprimaryset.Duringsupportadvance,theprimarysetissetagainsttheroofwhilethesecondarysetisloweredandpushedforwardbythepiston.Havingreachedthenewposition,thesecondarysetisagainsttheroofwhiletheprimarysetisloweredandpulledforwardbythecylinder.Thedistanceofeachadvancerangesfrom20to36in.(0.500.91m)Theframesupportisverysimple,butmoreflexibleorlessstablestructurally.Thereareconsiderableuncoveredspacesbetweenthetwopiecesofcanopywhichallowsbrokenroofrocktofallthrough.Consequently,theframesupportisnotsuitableforaweakroof.Frameshavebecomeseldomusedbecausetheyarelessstableandrequirefrequentmaintenance.CHOCKInachocksupport,thecanopyisasolidpieceandthebasemaybeeitherasolidorpieceortwoseparatepartsconnectedbysteelbarsattherearand/orthefrontends.Inbothcasesalargeopenspaceisleftatthecenterforlocatingthedouble-actinghydraulicramwhichisusedtopushandpullthechainconveyorandthechockinawholeunit,respectively,adistinctivedifferencefromtheframesupport.Thissetupisalsousedintheshieldsandchockshields.Again,allhydrauliclegsareinstalledverticallybetweenthebaseandthecanopy.Thenumberoflegsrangesfromthreetosix,butthefour-legchocksarebyfarthemostpopularones.Thesix-legchocksaredesignedforthinseamswithtwolegsinthefrontandfourlegsintherear,separatedbyawalkway.Forthesix-legchocks,thecanopyisgenerallyhinge-jointedabovethewalkway.Mostchockarealsoequippedwithagobwindowhangingattherearendofthecanopy.Thegobwindowconsistsofseveralrectangularsteelplatesconnectedhorizontallyatbothends.Inmostchocksupports,therearehingejointconnectionsbetweenthelegsandthecanopyandbetweenthelegsandthebase.Butinordertoincreasethelongitudinalstability,itisreinforcedmostlywithabox-shapedsteelframebetweenthebaseandeachleg.Alegrestoringdeviceisinstalledaroundeachlegatthetopofthebox-shapedsteelframe.Thechocksaresuitableformediumtohardroof.Whentheroofoverhangswellintothegobandrequiresinducedcaving,thechockscanprovideaccesstothegob.SHIELDShields,anewentryintheearlyseventies,arecharacterizedbytheadditionofacavingshieldattherearendbetweenthebaseandthecanopy.Thecavingshields,whichingeneralareinclined,arehinge-jointedtothecanopyandthebasemakingtheshieldakinematicallystablesupport,amajoradvantageovertheframesandthechocks.Italsocompletelysealsoffthegobandpreventsrockdebrisfromgettingintothefacesideofthesupport.Thustheshield-supportedfaceisgenerallyclean.Thehydrauliclegsintheshieldsaregenerallyinclinedtoprovidemoreopenspacefortraffic.Becausethecanopy,cavingshield,andbaseareinterconnected,itcanwellresistthehorizontalforcewithoutbendingthelegs.Thus,unlikethesolidconstraintintheframe/chocksupports,thepinconnectionsbetweenthelegsandthecanopy,andbetweenthelegsandthebaseinashieldsupportmakeitpossiblethattheangleofinclinationofthehydrauliclegsvarieswiththeminingheights.Sinceonlytheverticalcomponentofhydrauliclegpressureisavailableforsupportingtheroof,theactualloadingcapacityoftheshieldalsovarieswiththeminingheights.Therearemanyvariationsoftheshieldsupports.Inthefollowing,sixitemsareusedtoclassifytheshields,whichenablesaunifiedterminologytobedevelopedforallkindsofshields.Thetypesofmotionaltracesofthecanopytip,legpositionsandorientation,numberoflegs,canopygeometry,andotheroptionaldesignsanddevicescanbeclearlyspecifiedbytheterminology.TYPESOFMOTIONALTRACESFORTHELEADINGEDGEOFTHECANOPY.Thisisthemostcommonlyrecognizedwayofclassifyingtheshield.Basedonthiscriterion,therearethreetypes,lemniscate,caliper,andellipse.Lemniscate.Thisisthemostpopulartype.Thecavingshieldandthebasearejointedbytwolemniscatebarswhichhaveatotaloffourhinges.Asthehydrauliclegsareraisedandlowered,thedimentionsofthelemniscatebarsareselectedsuchthattheleadingedgeofthecanopymovesupanddownnearlyvertically,thusmaintaininganearlyconstantunsupporteddistancebetweentheface-lineandtheleadingedgeofthecanopy.Thisisafeaturethatiswidelyconsideredmostdesirableforgoodroofcontrol.Thereareclearlimitsofminingheightwithinwhichtheleadingedgeofthecanopymovesnearlyvertically.Theselimitsarestrictlycontrolledbythedimentionalandpositionalarrangementsofthecanopy,cavingshield,lemniscatebars,andthebase.Beyondtheselimits,theedgeswillmoverapidlyawayfromtheface-linecreatingalargeunsupportedarea.Caliper.Inacalipershield,thecavingshieldandthebaseareconnectedbyasinglehinge.Whenthehydrauliclegsareraised,theleadingedgeofthecanopymovesinanarcawayfromtheface,thusincreasingtheunsupportedarea.Thisisconsideredbymostuserstheleastdesirablefeatureofthecalipershield.