論我國(guó)民事抗訴制度的完善------畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)

本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）論我國(guó)民事抗訴制度的完善學(xué)院法學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)法學(xué)班級(jí)學(xué)號(hào)學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師年月日目錄摘要錯(cuò)誤未定義書(shū)簽。ABSTRACT引言1一、民事抗訴制度的先決問(wèn)題1（一）既判力與抗訴再審的平衡1（二）抗訴權(quán)與當(dāng)事人處分權(quán)的平衡2二、我國(guó)現(xiàn)行民事抗訴制度評(píng)析3（一）民事訴訟法相關(guān)修改評(píng)述31統(tǒng)一抗訴與申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹徥掠?2細(xì)化抗訴事由33規(guī)定法院審查抗訴的期限和決定再審的方式44明確抗訴再審的審級(jí)5（二）現(xiàn)行民事抗訴制度的缺陷分析51實(shí)體性抗訴事由難以把握52抗訴對(duì)象不明確63抗訴程序規(guī)定缺位6三、民事抗訴制度的完善7（一）明確抗訴程序的性質(zhì)7（二）厘清抗訴對(duì)象的范圍7（三）促進(jìn)抗訴事由的可操作性8（四）完善抗訴案件的程序規(guī)定91建立當(dāng)事人與檢察機(jī)關(guān)的聯(lián)系機(jī)制92規(guī)定檢察官庭審中的權(quán)利93確立抗訴時(shí)效制度94限制抗訴的次數(shù)10結(jié)論10參考文獻(xiàn)11致謝12摘要我國(guó)的民事抗訴制度G7171G3324民事再審制度的G13984G7235G991G17828行的G712G4439不G1177體現(xiàn)G1114檢察權(quán)對(duì)審判權(quán)的制G13434G15G1075體現(xiàn)G1114檢察權(quán)對(duì)G12181權(quán)G20058G3507的G5190G20056。G3252G8504G712民事抗訴權(quán)G5529G20047G2475G2052G1017G7696的限制G13792不G5224G13475G5132性G3332G2563G2172G712以G1825G5445G2721審判G10432立以G2462G6451G4487當(dāng)事人G2524法權(quán)G11422。G1306G7171G712現(xiàn)行法G5471關(guān)G1122檢察機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)G1122民事抗訴的規(guī)定G17819G1122G12560統(tǒng)G712一G1135規(guī)定不G3827G12197G4410G712G4560G14280實(shí)G17353中對(duì)民事抗訴的范圍、程序、方式G12573問(wèn)題G1147G10995G17751G3835的分G8507G712G5445G2721G1114民事抗訴制度的實(shí)G19481作G11004的G2469G6393G712G3252G13792G19668G16213完善和規(guī)范民事抗訴制度G712規(guī)范人民法院審G10714抗訴案件的程序。G7424G7003G1186G5445G2721民事抗訴制度G16786G16757的先決問(wèn)題G712G2375既判力與民事抗訴的平衡、當(dāng)事人處分權(quán)與抗訴檢察權(quán)的平衡G1998G2469G712G6518G16764現(xiàn)行民事抗訴制度G4396G3324的問(wèn)題G5194G4593G16809G6564G1998G16311決完善的G6526G7057。G12520G13785G16760G1038G3324完善現(xiàn)行民事抗訴制度中G712G20330先G16213明確抗訴制度的性質(zhì)G712G2375G16760清民事抗訴G6949G8994的G15929G1817性G712進(jìn)G13792厘清抗訴的范圍確G1457抗訴G12538G2524G15929G1817性和G6949G8994性G712G2490G3818G17902G17819G2508法G16311G18334促進(jìn)實(shí)體性抗訴事由的可操作性G1075G7509G1866G18337G16213G712G7380G2530G17836G16213完善抗訴的程序性規(guī)定以G1457G19568制度的G14403性G17828作。關(guān)鍵詞民事抗訴平衡缺陷完善ABSTRACTOURCOUNTRYSCIVILPROSECUTORPROTESTEDSYSTEMISMOVESUNDERTHECIVILRETRIALSYSTEMSBACKGROUND,ITHASNOTONLYMANIFESTEDTHEPROCURATORIALPOWERTOTHEJUDICIALAUTHORITYRESTRICTION,ALSOHASMANIFESTEDTHEPROCURATORIALPOWERTOTHEPRIVATEPOWERDOMAININTERVENTIONTHEREFORE,THECIVILANTIRIGHTOFSUITMUSTRECEIVETHESTRICTLIMIT,BUTSHOULDNOTREGULARLYSTARTING,INORDERTOAVOIDTHEINFLUENCETRIALINDEPENDENCEASWELLASHARMSTHELITIGANTLEGITIMATERIGHTSANDINTERESTSBUT,THECURRENTLAWISTOOGENERALABOUTTHEPROCURATORIALAGENCYREGARDINGTHECIVILAPPEALSSTIPULATION,SOMESTIPULATIONINSUFFICIENTSCIENCE,CAUSESINTHEPRACTICETOCIVILQUESTIONSANDSOONAPPEALSCOPE,PROCEDURE,WAYTOHAVETHEBIGDIFFERENCE,HASAFFECTEDTHECIVILPROSECUTORPROTESTEDSYSTEMSACTUALFUNCTIONDISPLAY,THUSNEEDSTOCONSUMMATEANDTHESTANDARDCIVILPROSECUTORPROTESTEDSYSTEM,THESTANDARDPEOPLESCOURTTRIESTHEAPPEALCASESPROCEDURETHISARTICLEFROMTHEINFLUENCECIVILPROSECUTORPROTESTEDSYSTEMDESIGNSPREREQUISITEQUESTION,NAMELYALREADYSENTENCESTHESTRENGTHANDCIVILAPPEALBALANCED,THELITIGANTDISPOSITIONRIGHTANDAPPEALPROCURATORIALPOWERBALANCEDEMBARKS,INTHEDISCUSSIONPRESENTLEGISLATIONANDTHEJUDICATUREEXISTSTHEQUESTIONANDPROPOSESTHESOLUTIONPERFECTMEASUREKEYWORDSCIVILPROSECUTORIALPROTESTG712GETTHEBALANCEG712DEFICIENCIESG712TOPERFECT引言民事抗訴制度G7171人民檢察院對(duì)人民法院作G1998的G5062G13475G10995效的民事G16021決G712G1393G6466法定事由G712G17902G17819法定程序G6564請(qǐng)人民法院再審的訴訟制度。G1186G1073一民訴法G20053G5079實(shí)G7057以G7481G712我國(guó)民行檢察G5049作G13475G2394G1114一系G2027的改G19773G2469G4649G712民事抗訴制度G1075不G7041G17247G1122完善。G1852國(guó)人G3835G5132G4008G1262G11222007G519210月G17902G17819的民事訴訟法修正案對(duì)民事抗訴程序進(jìn)行G1114一定的修改。G17902G17819修法G712有助G1122平息相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間G7481關(guān)G1122民事抗訴程序的G4396廢之爭(zhēng)。當(dāng)前G4410界的G10714論和實(shí)務(wù)G6518G16764中G712對(duì)民事抗訴前途的看法主G16213有以G991三種G4410說(shuō)G712G2375廢除說(shuō)、加強(qiáng)說(shuō)、限制說(shuō)。修正案的G20053G5079表明民事抗訴制度G3324目前不可能被廢除G712G13792G7171G17902G17819修改G2475G2052一定的限制。G17902G17819修法G712民事抗訴制度得G2052G1114一定完善G712G1306G7171民事抗訴制度仍然G4396G3324一定缺陷。主G16213包括抗訴事由難以把握G712抗訴范圍不明確G712抗訴程序G4396G3324缺陷。制度G16786G16757總G7171G2475G2052指G4560思想的制G13434G712G5194體現(xiàn)G1866G4396G3324價(jià)值。G7424G7003擬對(duì)民事抗訴G4396G3324的價(jià)值基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行分析G712進(jìn)G13792G6564G1998當(dāng)前民事抗訴制度G4396G3324的立法缺陷和G2508法中的難題G712G5194G6564G1998一G1135完善G6526G7057。一、民事抗訴制度的先決問(wèn)題（一）既判力與抗訴再審的平衡既判力G7171指“法院作G1998的G10995效判決中G712關(guān)G1122訴訟標(biāo)的判G7041所具有的確定力和G17902G11004力”。A1A0A2一般G13792言G712既判力包括兩個(gè)方面含義G1866一G712G2508法G16021判具有確定性G712一個(gè)法G5471糾紛只能有一個(gè)確定的G16021決；G1866二G712G2508法G16021決一G13475G10995效G712未G13475法定程序不得撤銷(xiāo)、變更、廢棄。既判力維護(hù)的G7171G16021判的穩(wěn)定性、權(quán)威性G712這G7171G2508法的公正價(jià)值的一個(gè)方面G712G13792G16021判G7424身的G2524法性、公正性正G7171G2508法公正價(jià)值的G2490一個(gè)方面。根G6466民訴法的規(guī)定G712檢察機(jī)關(guān)只能對(duì)法院作G1998的足以結(jié)束訴訟程序的G16021判實(shí)G7057抗訴監(jiān)督G712G13792不得對(duì)訴訟G17819程中所G1998現(xiàn)的不具有終局性的G16021判實(shí)G7057抗訴監(jiān)督。由G8504可見(jiàn)民事抗訴G7171專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)G5062G13475G10995效的G16021判G13792G16786G16757的G712G1866目的正G3324G1122G16311決G16021判G7424身所G4396G3324的一G1135缺陷。既判力與民事抗訴乃至再審制度G7171一對(duì)天然的矛盾G712G13061A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A5A14A15A5A16A17A18A6A19A11A20A21A22A51999A5A23A24A25卻G5194非不可調(diào)和?，F(xiàn)代法治社G1262G712既判力的功能G3835體有三G712G2375實(shí)現(xiàn)訴訟G13475G8994、維護(hù)法的安定性、尊G18337審判權(quán)威。民事抗訴的價(jià)值則G3324G1122G17902G17819對(duì)G4396G3324G18337G3835瑕疵的錯(cuò)誤判決G6564起抗訴G712G13475G17819再審G712彌G15929既判力G10714論的價(jià)值缺陷?，F(xiàn)行再審制度由G1122以監(jiān)督與糾錯(cuò)作G1038核心價(jià)值定位G712以至G1122G3324程序價(jià)值上G17819G1122追求公正G712忽視程序效率和程序安定價(jià)值G712形成公權(quán)侵犯G12181權(quán)、無(wú)限再審、秩序混亂、終審不終的局面G712G6451G4487G1114G2508法的權(quán)威性G712實(shí)G19481上G7380終危G2462的G17836G7171G2508法的公正價(jià)值。A1A0A2G3324這種情況G991G712民事抗訴作G1038民事再審制度的一部分G712面臨同樣的窘境。平衡既判力與民事抗訴關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵G3324G1122G16760清G3324這一對(duì)辨證關(guān)系中G712對(duì)既判力的維護(hù)處G1122主G4560G3332位G712G13792民事抗訴只G7171G1038彌G15929前G13785的不足G13792G16786定的。處G10714既判力與抗訴再審的平衡問(wèn)題G712G16213G1817分把握抗訴的G15929G1817性問(wèn)題。作G1038一種G10317G8542程序G712抗訴的G2469G2172一定G16213G2325分G16892G5922。除非G17902G17819形式審查G2375可確定G12538G2524法定抗訴事由G712G3374決不能G2563G2172抗訴程序。這G7171既維護(hù)既判力G2460能G18003G1825審判監(jiān)督權(quán)缺位的一個(gè)G5529G16213的G7477件。不G8892G5859這個(gè)問(wèn)題G4613G1262G4560G14280抗訴監(jiān)督權(quán)侵G4487既判力的G2530G7536。（二）抗訴權(quán)與當(dāng)事人處分權(quán)的平衡民事抗訴權(quán)G7171民事檢察監(jiān)督權(quán)的G18337G16213G1881G4493G15G1866目的G4613G7171G17902G17819對(duì)審判G13464G13467審判權(quán)的監(jiān)督和G6523制G15G1186G13792G1457證審判G8975G2172G1393法進(jìn)行G15G19462G8502和糾正錯(cuò)誤G16021判G15確G1457G2508法公正。G3324國(guó)G3818G712民事檢察監(jiān)督的形式主G16213G7171G2454與公G11422性G6122關(guān)系社G1262公序G14403G1451的訴訟G712G4470G16278上G2474得G1114當(dāng)事人的G3332位。G1306G7171我國(guó)的民事檢察則G6142然不同。G1186G7424質(zhì)上G16774我國(guó)的抗訴權(quán)G4658G1122法G5471監(jiān)督權(quán)G712G13792非訴權(quán)G712具有公權(quán)性質(zhì)。A1A26A2民事訴訟的G7424質(zhì)G3324G1122對(duì)抗G712民事抗訴G5224當(dāng)定位G3324G5353起再審的價(jià)值上G712G13792不能G17819G3822G9053G2462當(dāng)事人之間的權(quán)利處分行G1038?，F(xiàn)行民事訴訟法G1254413G7477規(guī)定G15“當(dāng)事人有權(quán)G3324法G5471規(guī)定的范圍G1881處分G14270G5061的民事權(quán)利和訴訟權(quán)利?！盙6365G10043G16825規(guī)定和G4410G10714上一般G16311G18334G712所G16871處分權(quán)G7171指民事訴訟當(dāng)事人有權(quán)G3324法G5471規(guī)定的范圍G1881G712G14270由G6915G18209G14270G5061的權(quán)利G712既可以行G1363G712G1075可以G6930棄；G13792處分的權(quán)利G712既包括實(shí)體權(quán)利G712G17836包括程序的訴訟權(quán)利。G1186G1881G4493G7481看G712處分G2419則可以說(shuō)G7171一G20045G7380能G2465G7156民事訴訟制度G10317質(zhì)的基G7424制度。G3324民事訴訟法的1A27A28A17A29A30A5A6A7A31A32A33A34A13A35A36A37A38A39A40A5A14A15A5A18A6A10A41A20A21A22A5A42A43A43A44A5A45A442A46A47A48A8A49A50A51A52A50A53A35A5A54A55A56A57A58A59A16A17A50A60A61A62A63A64A5A65A59A10A11A39A40A642003A66A676A68A69A70A71A72A58A59A73A17A60A61A49A50A74A75A36A76A77A64A5A65A59A10A11A39A40A642002A66A672A68A69A78A79A58A59A80A81A60A61A49A50A51A52A64A5A55A82A83A84A85A86A87A88A58A59A16A17A6A7A60A61A89A90A33A34A50A62A63A36A91A92A64基G7424G2419則體系中G712處分G2419則G4633G1122G18337G16213G3324民事訴訟中G712當(dāng)事人一方面基G1122G1866實(shí)體法上的處分權(quán)G712決定G3926G1321處分系爭(zhēng)的實(shí)體利G11422G6122實(shí)體權(quán)力；G2490一方面基G1122G1866程序處分權(quán)G712G3324一定范圍決定G3926G1321G2474G14305程序利G11422G712以G18003G1825G3252G1363G11004G16825程序G13792G4560G14280G1955G6451、G9052G13803、限制系爭(zhēng)實(shí)體利G11422G6122系爭(zhēng)標(biāo)的G3818G17142G1147權(quán)、G14270由權(quán)的結(jié)G7536。G3252G8504G712民事訴訟法G6227G16760當(dāng)事人處分G2419則的目的G712G5194非G1177G1038G1457G19568當(dāng)事人對(duì)系爭(zhēng)實(shí)體權(quán)力的G6915G18209G3332位G712G1075G7171G1038G1114G1363當(dāng)事人有機(jī)G1262G1523G8504追求程序利G11422G712以同時(shí)維護(hù)G1866G2475G4478法所G1457G19568的系爭(zhēng)G3818的G17142G1147權(quán)、G14270由權(quán)G12573。民事訴訟中的處分G2419則確立的G11464G6521根G6466G7171G12181法G14270治的G10714G5577G712G2419則上可說(shuō)G712只G16213不G6451G4487公G11422、不G6451G4487G1194人的G2524法權(quán)G11422G712當(dāng)事人G4613可以行G1363處分權(quán)。同時(shí)G712抗訴權(quán)的公權(quán)性質(zhì)決定G1114民事抗訴的不可能G1699當(dāng)事人申訴一樣G14270由G712相G2465G712抗訴機(jī)關(guān)不G5224G19555心所G8454G3332G17828G11004公權(quán)力G5190G9053具有G12181權(quán)性質(zhì)的民事權(quán)利。G3324不G9053G2462公G11422的民事訴訟中G712檢察機(jī)關(guān)G2419則上G1075不得G17241G17246當(dāng)事人的處分權(quán)G13792G5464G11464處分當(dāng)事人的訴訟權(quán)利。G1306G7171G3324關(guān)系G18337G3835公G1861利G11422、國(guó)G4490G19610體利G11422的訴訟中G5224當(dāng)G1813G16780檢察機(jī)關(guān)的G13856權(quán)G1183G1849以限制當(dāng)事人的處分權(quán)。同時(shí)G16021判行G1038作G1038一種G1363G11004國(guó)G4490權(quán)力的行G1038G712權(quán)力的G1363G11004G7424身關(guān)系G5203G3835社G1262成G2604G712G1866公G11422性不言G14270明G712不能一G8022G16760G1038民事訴訟G7171G12181G11422G8975G2172G712G13792G2554定民事抗訴的主G2172G1183G1849?？梢?jiàn)G712檢察權(quán)與當(dāng)事人處分權(quán)的平衡關(guān)鍵G3324G1122不能G17819分G9401G11004民事抗訴權(quán)G712G13792G5224G3324有足G3827的證G6466證明關(guān)系公G11422G6122G10313G9053G2508法不公正的情況G991G6177G2172G11004抗訴權(quán)。法治社G1262權(quán)力G7481G9316G1122權(quán)利G712G3252G8504權(quán)利G5224當(dāng)?shù)肎2052權(quán)力的G1457G19568G712G13792非無(wú)G12483的G1926G1999。二、我國(guó)現(xiàn)行民事抗訴制度評(píng)析（一）民事訴訟法相關(guān)修改評(píng)述1統(tǒng)一抗訴與申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹徥掠尚拚暗拿袷略V訟法規(guī)定G1114當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹彽腉1128種情形和人民檢察院G5224當(dāng)G6564G1998抗訴的四種情形。當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹彽腉1128種情形中G712除G12544一G20045“有G7044的證G6466G712足以G6524G13775G2419判決、G16021定的”G3818G712G1866G1194四G20045與抗訴G7477件完G1852相同。這次民事訴訟法修正案改變G1114這種G5058G2047化G1582法G712實(shí)行檢察機(jī)關(guān)抗訴事由與當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹徥掠傻耐闓1852統(tǒng)一?？乖V監(jiān)督的目的G7171G5353起法院G2563G2172再審程序G712G3252G8504統(tǒng)一抗訴事由和當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹徥掠捎欣鸊1122G1457G6357法G5471的統(tǒng)一性G712同時(shí)G1075有利G1122G6949G8994當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利。2細(xì)化抗訴事由民事訴訟法修正案對(duì)抗訴事由所G1582的修改主G16213體現(xiàn)G3324G4570G1866細(xì)化G5194限制G3324這G1135G7477G7003范圍G1881。G15441然抗訴事由G2419G7481的四G7477G3698加G1038G2325G1128G20045G712G1306G7171可以看G1998抗訴事由不G7171更G19555G5859G712G13792G7171更加G1017G14511?？乖V事由細(xì)化G2530更加明確G712除G1972G20045實(shí)體性事由不G7143把握G3818G712G6984體上G17751修改前更明確。這既有利G1122檢察機(jī)關(guān)根G6466當(dāng)事人申訴的具體事由G6564起抗訴G712G1075有利G1122法院審查抗訴；可以有效G16311決G3252當(dāng)事人G9401訴G11784G3363既判力的問(wèn)題G712G1075G7171G16311決“申訴難”的一個(gè)G18337G16213G6175段。值得G8892G5859的G7171G8504次修法中G712G2419先G4008G2604G19283G1262G16770G6564請(qǐng)G2325G4638人G3835G5132G4008G1262審G16770的修正案G14621案中有一個(gè)G1840G5225G7477G8466。G16825G7477G8466規(guī)定G1866G1194G14280G1363G2419判決、G16021定錯(cuò)誤的情形G5224當(dāng)再審。G1306G7171G7380終G17902G17819的修正案G2474G9052G1114這一G7477G8466。可以說(shuō)這G7171一個(gè)明G7246之G1042。加上G1840G5225G7477G8466則上述G2524G10714G1881核G4613G4570G1852部G1019G3845G712G2447G6493G16825G7477G8466G4613G4570當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹徱訥2462抗訴的范圍限定G3324G2325G1128種具體情形。A93A94A953規(guī)定法院審查抗訴的期限和決定再審的方式修正案規(guī)定G712檢察機(jī)關(guān)G6564起抗訴的G712人民法院G5224當(dāng)G332430G7097G1881G16021定再審。G1073一民訴法的規(guī)定與之G12257有不同G712規(guī)定人民法院G5224當(dāng)再審。G6365G10043修改前民訴法的規(guī)定G712檢察院抗訴G5529然G5353起法院再審。G1306G7171法院G3822G19283時(shí)限G1881決定再審G712以G1321種方式G1582G1998決定民訴法G8821有規(guī)定。G7044G7099規(guī)定的G2318G2047主G16213有兩G9869。G1866一G712規(guī)定決定再審時(shí)間G717130天G712G6564G20652法院處G10714抗訴案件的效率。G1866二G712規(guī)定法院決定再審的方式G7171G16021定G712這樣規(guī)定更G12197G4410規(guī)范。G16021定更能體現(xiàn)G1998“訴”的G10317G5461。針對(duì)這G7477規(guī)定G712修正G17819程G1075有G3822次改變。修正案G14621案二次審G16770稿G12544G1073G7477規(guī)定G712“人民檢察院G6564G1998抗訴的案件G712G6521G2475抗訴的法院G5224當(dāng)G3324三G2325G7097G1881再審”。有G5132G4008G4008G2604G6564G1998G712法院對(duì)檢察院G6564G1998的抗訴G712G5224當(dāng)以G16021定的形式?jīng)Q定再審。G1852國(guó)人G3835法G5471G4008G2604G1262G13475同G7380G20652人民法院研究G712建G16770G4570上述規(guī)定改G1038“人民檢察院G6564G1998抗訴的案件G712G6521G2475抗訴的法院G5224當(dāng)G3324三G2325G7097G1881G16021定再審。”G1306G7171之G2530G712G2460有G5132G4008G6564G1998G712“G16021定再審”的規(guī)定可能G1147G10995G8507義G712對(duì)人民檢察院G6564G1998抗訴的案件G712人民法1A96A97A98A99A100A101A102A103A104A105A106A107A108A109A110A111A112A113A114A115A116A117A118A119A105A120A121A122A123A116A124A125A126A127A128A129A118A130A131A132A133A120A134A104A119A116A135A136A137A120A138A139A140A136A141A142A143A144A145A146A100A147A148A149A150A105A151A152A102A103A153A147A100A150A105A151A106A107A143A142A154A155A151A156A157A106A107A102A104A143A144A151A158A159A160A161A120A162A148A149A150A105A151A163A152A104A164A134A104A151A158A159A165A113A145A166A167A120A168A169A98A170A100A151A171A172A142A143A144A120A158A159A143A144A173A174A171A175A142A145院G7171G2554G17836可以G1582G1998不予再審的G16021定G712G5224予明確；同時(shí)G17836G5224明確G1582G1998G16021定的起始G7097期。G1852國(guó)人G3835法G5471G4008G2604G1262G13475研究G4570上述規(guī)定修改G1038“G6521G2475抗訴的人民法院G5224當(dāng)G14270收G2052抗訴書(shū)之G7097起三G2325G7097G1881G1582G1998再審的G16021定”。修正案G7380終形成。G17902G17819修改G17819程可以看G1998立法機(jī)關(guān)G16311決抗訴難問(wèn)題的決心。體現(xiàn)G1114我國(guó)立法技術(shù)的G7097G17247完善。G7424次修改G1075G5529然G1262對(duì)民事抗訴G1147G10995莫G3835的幫助。4明確抗訴再審的審級(jí)修正案規(guī)定“人民檢察院G6564G1998抗訴的案件G712G712有G7424法G12544一百七G2325G1073G7477G12544一G8466G12544（一）G20045至G12544（G1128）G20045規(guī)定情形之一的G712可以交G991一級(jí)人民法院再審。”這G5859味著除G12544一百七G2325G1073G7477G12544一G8466G12544（一）G20045至G12544（G1128）G20045規(guī)定情形之一的G712可以交G991一級(jí)人民法院再審G3818G712G1866G1194情況G991都G3374G6357上級(jí)抗G712上級(jí)審的G2419則。G12544一百七G2325G1073G7477G12544一G8466G12544（一）G20045至G12544（G1128）G20045規(guī)定情形G4658G1122實(shí)體性事G20045G712G3252G8504G4570前G1128G20045事由G5353起的再審交由G991一級(jí)法院G2375G2419審法院再審有利G1122維護(hù)當(dāng)事人的審級(jí)利G11422G712G1075便G1122查清事實(shí)。這G1135實(shí)體性事G20045G7424身G4613G4396G3324著一G1135G16760識(shí)上的G5058異G712G4570這G1135案件規(guī)定由上級(jí)法院再審G4613G6564G20652G1114審級(jí)G712不利G1122G1457護(hù)當(dāng)事人的上訴權(quán)。G1073一民訴法G1177規(guī)定G1114人民檢察院G6564G1998抗訴的案件G712人民法院G5224當(dāng)再審G712G1306G7171G8821有具體規(guī)定再審由哪一級(jí)法院進(jìn)行審G10714。實(shí)G17353中G2475G10714抗訴的法院一般G4570案件交由作G1998G2419G10995效判決的法院進(jìn)行再審。這種G1582法G7171有缺陷的。上級(jí)抗G712G991級(jí)審的始作俑G13785G7171G7380G20652人民法院1991G5192印G2469的一個(gè)具有G2508法G16311G18334性質(zhì)的G17902知。A176A177A178G17902知以“便利當(dāng)事人訴訟和人民法院審判”G1038由G16213求抗訴審G2419則上由G2419作G1998G2469G10995法G5471效力的判決、G16021定的人民法院進(jìn)行。民事抗訴針對(duì)的G7171G2419審中G4396G3324的不G2524法、不公正G4560G14280的公信力缺G3845G712G13792不G1177G1177G7171糾正錯(cuò)誤。上級(jí)抗G712G991級(jí)審對(duì)G1122實(shí)現(xiàn)民事抗訴的這一價(jià)值毫無(wú)裨G11422G712相G2465G1262有上級(jí)袒護(hù)G991級(jí)之嫌。G8504G3818G712“上級(jí)抗G712G991級(jí)審”對(duì)檢察院再審審G10714進(jìn)行監(jiān)督G2325分不便。G8504次修改G16311決G1114上述問(wèn)題G712值得稱(chēng)贊。（二）現(xiàn)行民事抗訴制度的缺陷分析1實(shí)體性抗訴事由難以把握評(píng)價(jià)抗訴事由G7171G2554便G1122操作有兩個(gè)方面G712G1866一G712抗訴事由G7171G2554具體、明確；1A179A180A181A182A183A184A185A186A187A188A189A190A191A192A193A186A194A195A196A197A182A198A183A184A185A186A199A200A201A202A203A204A205A206A186A207A208A209A210A211A212A213A214A215A216A217A209A218A219A209A220A221A222G1866二G712抗訴事由G7171G2554G4470G16278、G7143G1122分辨。民訴法修正G3324一定程度上G16311決G1114G12544一方面G712G12544二個(gè)方面則有待G1122進(jìn)一步完善?，F(xiàn)行民訴法中的抗訴事由難以把握主G16213體現(xiàn)G3324以G991G1972個(gè)事由。G12544一G712現(xiàn)行法的G12544179G7477G125441G20045“有G7044的證G6466G15足以G6524G13775G2419判決、G16021定的”G712G7044證G6466的G2524法性G19668G16213審查G712G2375便G2524法G2460G1321以G7041定能G6524G13775G2419判決、G16021定。G12544二G712“G2419判決、G16021定G16760定的基G7424事實(shí)缺乏證G6466證明的”G712G20330先什么G7171基G7424事實(shí)法官的G16760識(shí)G3252人G13792異G712G1866次基G7424事實(shí)的G16760定證G6466G7171G2554G1817分G1075G4396G3324G16760識(shí)上的G5058G2047。G12544三G712“G2419判決、G16021定適G11004法G5471確有錯(cuò)誤的”G1075G4658G1122G16760識(shí)上的G5058G2047G712法G5471規(guī)定不可能永遠(yuǎn)清晰、無(wú)G8507義G712G13792案件G1075不可能永遠(yuǎn)G7171單一的法G5471關(guān)系、單一的責(zé)任G6227擔(dān)G712G3252G8504G3324審G10714案件G17819程中G712法官G1393G6466G14270G5061對(duì)案件的G16760識(shí)選擇G14270G5061G16760G1038正確的法G5471G7171無(wú)可厚非的G712G3926G7536故G5859選錯(cuò)法G5471則G4658G1122枉法G16021判G712G5224當(dāng)G4658G1122“對(duì)違G2465法定程序可能G5445G2721案件正確判決、G16021定的情形G712G6122G13785審判人G2604G3324審G10714G16825案件時(shí)有貪污G2475賄G712徇G12181舞弊G712枉法G16021判行G1038的G712人民法院G5224當(dāng)再審”的情形。G12544四G712規(guī)定“違G2465法G5471規(guī)定G15管轄錯(cuò)誤的”G15G8504G20045似乎G7171一個(gè)程序性的形式問(wèn)題G15實(shí)G19481上G1075G9053G2462實(shí)體性問(wèn)題G15G3252G1038確定管轄的前G6564G7171案件的性質(zhì)和具體案情G712G3324這個(gè)G5859義上說(shuō)不G1582實(shí)體審G10714G7171無(wú)法G7380終確定管轄權(quán)的。A223A224A2252抗訴對(duì)象不明確民事訴訟G7171一個(gè)漫G19283的G17819程G712包括起訴、審G10714、判決、執(zhí)行G12573環(huán)節(jié)。民事抗訴的對(duì)象G5224當(dāng)G17902G17819立法加以明確G712尤G1866G7171G3324當(dāng)今G7380G20652人民檢察院G17902G17819G2508法G16311G18334違法限制抗訴對(duì)象的情況G991。民事抗訴G5224當(dāng)針對(duì)法院作G1998的所有與審判相關(guān)聯(lián)的G16021定、判決。我國(guó)民訴法規(guī)定人民檢察院對(duì)法院的審判G8975G2172進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。實(shí)G19481上G1186立法G13785的G7424G5859G7481看G712審判G8975G2172G5194非G1177指法院的庭審G8975G2172。民事訴訟法規(guī)定人民檢察院抗訴的范圍G7171G10995效G16021判G712G1306G7171G7380G20652人民法院卻G17902G17819G1972個(gè)G2508法G16311G18334G4570抗訴范圍逐步縮小。民事抗訴監(jiān)督的G7171人民法院所有民事G16021判G8975G2172G712所有民事G16021決都G6521G2475檢察監(jiān)督G1075G7171G5224有之G5859。G7380G20652人民法院屢次G17902G17819G2508法G16311G18334限制抗訴范圍G10714由都G7171“G1122法無(wú)G6466G712不予G2475G10714”。目前G712民事行政檢察監(jiān)督范圍G1177限G1122法院G1582G1998的G10995效判決和三種G10995效G16021定G712G2375管轄權(quán)異G16770的G16021定、不予G2475G10714的G16021定和駁回起訴的G16021定。G3324法G5471G5194未G4613抗訴范圍作任G1321限制的前G6564G991G712G7380G206521A226A227A228A229A230A231A232A233A234A235A236A237A238A239A240A2412007A242A243A232A244A245A246A247A248A249A250A251A229A246A252A2532007A22961人民法院的G1582法G7171G8821有根G6466的。3抗訴程序規(guī)定缺位修正案對(duì)民事抗訴案件G7481G9316的規(guī)定仍然G3374G6357檢察機(jī)關(guān)主G2172G6564起與當(dāng)事人申訴的二元方式。G3324我國(guó)目前的實(shí)G19481情況G991G712賦予檢察機(jī)關(guān)主G2172G2469現(xiàn)案G9316G6564G1998抗訴的權(quán)利可以有效監(jiān)督遏制G2508法腐敗G712這G7171二元G7481G9316模式的優(yōu)G9869；同時(shí)檢察機(jī)關(guān)主G2172G6564G1998抗訴G2460有可能妨G4487當(dāng)事人的G14270由處分權(quán)G712這G7171一個(gè)缺G9869。G2508法腐敗不能G17902G17819民事檢察根除G712當(dāng)事人的G14270由處分權(quán)卻G1262G2475G2052民事抗訴權(quán)的G6451G4487。這一G7481G9316模式G7171毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)G7171G19668G16213完善的G712G1306G17836不至G1122G5529G20047徹G5225拋棄。由G1122檢察機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)民事案件的抗訴G7171基G1122履行法G5471監(jiān)督G13856能G712G1186G13792決定G1114庭審G17819程中檢察機(jī)關(guān)的G3332位既不同G1122審判機(jī)關(guān)G712G1075不同G1122當(dāng)事人和G1866G1194訴訟當(dāng)事人。G3324開(kāi)庭G17819程中賦予檢察機(jī)關(guān)什么權(quán)力G4613G7171一個(gè)難題。修正案中檢察官（G2604）G1998庭的權(quán)利得G2052G1457G19568G712G1306G7171G1866G3324法庭上的具體權(quán)利義務(wù)仍G8821有明確。三、民事抗訴制度的完善（一）明確抗訴程序的性質(zhì)一般G13792言G712G13475G17819一G6984套完G6984的程序得G1998的審G10714結(jié)G7536G4613G5224當(dāng)G6227G16760G1866正當(dāng)性。G3252G8504G712不G5224G6564倡民事抗訴事由的擴(kuò)G3835化G712以G2462G17819分G1393賴(lài)民事抗訴程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)實(shí)體正義G712G5224當(dāng)G1817分G16760識(shí)民事抗訴的G6949G8994性和G15929G1817性。民事抗訴的G15929G1817性G7171指抗訴再審G7171當(dāng)事人窮盡正G5132程序都無(wú)法G6949G8994G14270G5061正當(dāng)權(quán)利G13792采G2474的G6949G8994G6175段。只有G10995效判決確實(shí)G4396G3324瑕疵G712G4560G14280當(dāng)事人實(shí)體權(quán)利G2475G2052侵G4487G6122G13785公G11422G2475G6451時(shí)G712G6177G6564起抗訴。G3926G7536法院G3324先行程序中不G4396G3324任G1321G17819G3845G712G1177G3252G1038當(dāng)事人G14270G5061的G17819錯(cuò)G4560G14280案件結(jié)G7536對(duì)G1866不利G712則檢察機(jī)關(guān)不G5224G2563G2172抗訴程序。民事抗訴G7171G1038G1114對(duì)民事審判G8975G2172進(jìn)行監(jiān)督G13792G2469起的G712抗訴G7424身G7171一種G1017肅的程序G712若非G1038G1114G6949G8994權(quán)利確實(shí)G2475G2052G2508法不法侵G4487的當(dāng)事人絕不可G9401G11004。G1186再審的G1881G3324制度價(jià)值G7481看G712G1866與確G1457G2508法的權(quán)威性G7171相互協(xié)調(diào)的G712G2375G17902G17819再審G1457G19568G2508法公正的實(shí)現(xiàn)G712G1186G13792達(dá)G2052維護(hù)G2508法的權(quán)威性。G1306G7171一味追求所G16871的G16021判公正G712G13792不顧程序G17819程的公正性G2462G16021判的確定性G712G19555時(shí)G6524G13775法院G5062作G1998的G10995效G16021判G712非G1306不能強(qiáng)化和維系G2508法的權(quán)威性G712G2465G13792G1262削弱甚至G11784G3363G2508法的權(quán)威性。G1038G1114維護(hù)G2508法G16021判的終局性G712作G1038一種事G2530的G10317G8542G15929G6949程序G712再審的G2563G2172G5224G2475G2052G1017G7696的限制。再審制度只能實(shí)行有限糾錯(cuò)G712G1866制度G16786G16757G5529G20047權(quán)衡G6949G8994利G11422的G3835小與G6949G8994成G7424的關(guān)系。（二）厘清抗訴對(duì)象的范圍民事抗訴G7171對(duì)民事審判G8975G2172的監(jiān)督G712G3252G8504抗訴對(duì)象范圍G5224當(dāng)G2462G1122G6984個(gè)審G10714G17819程中法院G1582G1998的所有可能侵G4487當(dāng)事人權(quán)利的判決、G16021定。G1186立法上G7481看G712具體法G7477表述G1038對(duì)判決G16021定的監(jiān)督G712G1306由G1122G16021定適G11004的范圍非G5132G5203泛G712G3252G8504G5194非所有G16021定都G5224G6564起抗訴G5353起再審。以G991具體G16764論四種G16021判的可抗訴性。G12544一G712對(duì)尚未審結(jié)的案件之中的G10995效G16021定不G5224G6564起抗訴。一方面G712這G1135G16021判可以G3324終局G16021判中得G2052改正G712若未改正G5445G2721G2052終局G16021判則可針對(duì)終局G16021判G6564起抗訴G712G8821有G5529G16213針對(duì)尚未審結(jié)的案件之中的G10995效G16021定G6564起抗訴；G2490一方面我國(guó)民事抗訴事G2530監(jiān)督的性質(zhì)G1075決定對(duì)尚未審結(jié)的案件之中的G10995效G16021定不G5224G6564起抗訴。G12544二G712督促程序、公示催告程序以G2462執(zhí)行程序中所作G1998的G16021定判決G1075不G5224G6564起抗訴。前兩類(lèi)程序不得進(jìn)行抗訴G7171G3252G1038G1186程序目的和程序性質(zhì)上G16774G712若G2469現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤G712可以G17902G17819適G11004普G17902程序G16311決具體當(dāng)事人間的爭(zhēng)G16770G712作G1998G7044G16021判G6949G8994當(dāng)事人實(shí)體權(quán)利。執(zhí)行程序G3252G1038G5062G13475G17241G1998審判G8975G2172的范疇G712G3252G8504不G5224適G11004抗訴G6949G8994G712執(zhí)行程序中的錯(cuò)誤一般G17902G17819G6564G1998執(zhí)行異G16770G7481G6949G8