[碩士論文精品]電視新聞播報的動態(tài)順應(yīng)分析——一項基于bbc世界和cctv新聞播報的對比研究

摘要摘要新聞播報作為大眾傳媒的方式之一，在輿論引導(dǎo)方面起著非常重要的作用；同時新聞播報作為語言使用的現(xiàn)象之一，其在語言選擇和使用方面也有獨到之處。縱觀對新聞的研究，更多的是從傳播學(xué)的角度分析新聞播報的各個組成方面。當(dāng)然也不乏從語言學(xué)角度的研究，但這些研究大多是靜態(tài)的研究，缺乏對新聞播報這一動態(tài)過程的描述和解釋；對中英新聞的對比研究也大多是對相同或相似新聞文本的翻譯研究，而鮮有涉及文本背后的新聞制作人及新聞觀眾的意識和認(rèn)知機(jī)制；再者，已有的對新聞的研究沒有把新聞播報過程中的圖片畫面這一新聞播報中不可或缺的因素包括進(jìn)來。鑒于此，本研究擬對CCTV和BBC的整點新聞播報進(jìn)行中英語用順應(yīng)對比分析。本研究首先對英漢新聞播報過程中在語言選擇以及在語境選擇方面進(jìn)行了對比分析，進(jìn)而用維索爾的語用順應(yīng)理論對這些選擇的順應(yīng)程度進(jìn)行了解釋并對這些選擇在形成新的語境方面的有效性進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步闡述。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)BBC和CCTV整點新聞在語言選擇層面存在差異語音和節(jié)奏方面，BBC新聞播報因有高低急緩的變化而能夠提示所播報內(nèi)容信息量的變化并用富于節(jié)奏的聲音吸引觀眾繼續(xù)收看下面的新聞，CCTV新聞頻道播報的聲音和節(jié)奏因缺乏變化而顯得單調(diào)。詞語選擇方面，BBC在情態(tài)語氣詞選擇上更體現(xiàn)了新聞的客觀性，CCTV新聞頻道在能愿動詞上的選擇使所播報的新聞顯得主觀引導(dǎo)性更大。句子構(gòu)造層面，BBC的句子多是可以表示客觀性的被動句，CCTV新聞頻道的則多是主動句，使所播報的新聞顯得客觀性不足。語篇結(jié)構(gòu)方面，BBC世界新聞頻道的新聞文本在導(dǎo)語的內(nèi)容排列上把事件放在首位，在每條新聞的內(nèi)容構(gòu)造上傾向于講述主要事件，CCTV新聞頻道在導(dǎo)語中多把最重要的事件部分放于末尾，在每條新聞的內(nèi)容構(gòu)造上傾向于列舉細(xì)節(jié)。BBC和CCTV在語境選擇上也存在差異時間關(guān)系層面，BBC的每種新聞播報方式的時間要短于CCTV每種新聞播報方式的播報時間，BBC的選擇更便于收看者處理接收到的信息，并理解接收到的新聞信息?？臻g層面，BBC的播報人員和收看者的距離有遠(yuǎn)近的變化，而且多是遠(yuǎn)距離的播報，給收看者足夠的心理安全感，CCTV新聞頻道在這方面沒有變化，多是近距離播報。道具使用層面上，BBC使用的道具明顯多于CCTV新聞頻道，這種收看者取向型選擇更有助于收看者理解新聞內(nèi)容。在播報員動作和衣飾層面，BBC世界頻道的播報員無論動作還是衣飾都比CCTV的播報員豐富且隨意，給收看者營造了舒適隨意的觀看語境，相對而言，CCTV新聞頻道播報員的動作衣飾偏正式，使觀看語境顯得單調(diào)無趣。LI摘要研究表明新聞制作人和新聞作家對語境的預(yù)先設(shè)定的意識程度能夠影響新聞的播報效果，新聞制作過程中應(yīng)從語言選擇和語境選擇兩個方面順應(yīng)觀眾心理世界、物理世界和交際渠道，提高新聞順應(yīng)度和有效性，這對新聞制作有一定的啟發(fā)意義。其次，本研究補(bǔ)充了語用順應(yīng)理論中關(guān)于交際渠道的論述，豐富了語用順應(yīng)理論。再次，本文用對比的方法研究CCTV和BBC新聞播報，豐富了語用對比研究的視角，對對比研究有一定的啟發(fā)和指導(dǎo)意義。關(guān)鍵詞新聞播報；對比分析；語言順應(yīng)；語境順應(yīng)IIIABSTRAET、ABSTRACTASAMEANSOFMEDIACOMMUNICATION，NEWSBROADCASTINGPLAYSALLIMPORTANTROLEINGUIDINGPUBLICOPINION；ATTHEGAMETIME,ASAPHENOMENONOFLANGUAGEAPPLICATION,NEWSBROADCASTINGHASITSOWNCHARACTERISTICSINWAYSOFLANGUAGECHOICEMAKINGANDLANGUAGEAPPLICATIONMOSTOFTHESTUDIESONNEWSFOCUSONANALYZINGTHECOMPONENTSOFNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMAPERSPECTIVEOFMEDIACOMMUNICATIONBESIDES，MANYSTUDIESONNEWSAREPURSUEDFROMALINGUISTICPERSPECTIVENEVERTHELESS，MOSTOFTHESELINGUISTICSTUDIESONNEWSBROADCASTINGARESTATIC，ANDEXPLANATIONONTHEDYNAMICPROCESSOFNEWSBROADCASTINGISNEEDED；SECONDLY,MOSTCOMPARATIVESTUDIESORLCHINESEANDENGLISHNEWSARELIMITEDTONEWSTRANSLATIONOFTHESAMESOURCE，WHICHARENOTSCIENTIFICENOUGHFORNEWSSTUDYFEATUREDBYONEFUNCTIONOFGUIDINGPUBLICOPINIONTHROUGHNEWSPRODUCTIONBYDIFFERENTSOURCES；THIRDLY,THEEXISTINGSTUDIESONNEWSHAVENODESCRIPTIONONPICTORIALELEMENTSOFNEWSBROADCASTING，WHICHISINDISPENSABLETOTHEDYNAMICPROCESSOFNEWSBROADCASTINGTHEREFORE，THISTHESISAIMSTOCONDUCTACOMPARATIVESTUDYONNEWSBROADCASTINGOFHOURNEWSFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDWITHVERSCHUERENSPRAGMATICADAPTATIONTHEORYASTHEANALYZINGT001FIRSTLY,ACOMPARATIVEANALYSISONLINGUISTICCHOICESONVOICEANDINTONATION,WORDING，SENTENCESTRUCTUREANDTEXTORGANIZATIONANDCONTEXTUALCHOICESONTHEMANAGEMENTONTEMPORALANDSPATIALREFERENCES，THEUSEOFARTIFACTSANDTHEGESTURESANDAPPEARANCESOFANCHORPERSONSISCONDUCTED；ANDTHEN,VERSCHUERENSPRAGMATICADAPTATIONTHEORYISAPPLIEDTOEXPLAINTHEDIFFERENTDEGREEOFADAPTATIONWITHRESPECTTOAUDIENCESMENTALWORLD，SOCIALWORLDANDTHECOMMUNICATIVECHANNELBESIDESTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHESEDIFFERENTCHOICESINNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDINPRODUCINGDESIRABLENEWSCONTEXTWILLALSOBESTATEDHERETHROUGHALLANALYSISOFTHEDIFFERENCESONLINGUISTICANDCONTEXTUALLEVELSINNEWSBROADCASTINGOFTHEHOURNEWSFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLD，THISTHESISHOLDSTHATTHOSEDIFFERENCESCOULDRESULTINDIFFERENTEFFECTIVENESSOFNEWSBROADCASTINGATLINGUISTICLEVELINTHEASPECTOFVOICEANDINTONATION,NEWSBROADCASTINGOFBBCWORLDISRICHINCHANGESINVOICEANDRHYTHM,MAKINGAUDIENCEFIGUREOUTTHEINFORMATIVEITEMSEASILYANDATTRACTINGAUDIENCESATTENTION,WHILECCTVNEWSHASNOSUCHRICHCHANGESINVOICEANDRHYTHM，MAKINGTHEIRBROADCASTINGPROCESSIVABSTRACTCOMPARATIVELYBORINGINTHEASPECTOFWORDINGCHOOSING，THEREAREFARLESSMODALAUXILIARIESINTHENEWSSCRIPTSFROMBBCWORLDTHANMODALVERBSFROMCCTVNEWS，WHICHDISPLAYSDIFFERENTDEGREEOFOBJECTIVENESSOFBROADCASTINGNEWSWITHWEAKOBJECTIVENESSOFCCTVNEWSINTHEASPECTOFSENTENCESTRUCTURES，THEREALEMOREPASSIVESENTENCESUSEDINNEWSSCRIPTSOFBBCWORLDTHANTHATOFCCTVNEWS，DISPLAYINGDIFFERENTDEGREEOFCREDIBILITYOFNEWSBROADCASTINGWITHCOMPARATIVELYLESSCREDIBLEEFFECTIVENESSOFCCTVNEWSTHANTHATOFBBCWORLDINTHEASPECTOFTEXTORGANIZATION，BBCWORLDHIGHLIGHTSWHATBYPUTTINGITATTHEBEGINNINGPARTOFEVERYLEAD，WHILECCTVNEWSPUTSUSUALLYWHYATFIRST，MAKINGITDIFFICULTFORAUDIENCETOPROCESSINFORMATIONCONTAINEDINLEADSBESIDES，NEWSITEMSFROMCCTVNEWSAREFILLEDWITHDETAILSWITHLITTLEINFORMATIONWHILETHOSEFROMBBCWORLDAREOFKEYPOINTS,CLEARANDDIRECTFORAUDIENCETOGRASPTHEMAJORPOINTSOFANEWSSTORYASFORPRAGMATICDEVICESCHOOSING，THEREAREFARMOREPRAGMATICDEVICESEMPLOYEDINTHENEWSSCRIPTSFROMCCTVNEWSTHANTHOSEFROMBBCWORLDASFORCONTEXTUALCHOOSING，THEREEXISTALSOFOURDIFFERENTPOINTSINTHEASPECTOFTEMPORALRELATIONS，THELASTINGTIMEOFEVERYBROADCASTINGSTYLEISSHORTERINBBCWORLDTHANTHATINCCTVNEWS，MAKINGITEASIERFORAUDIENCEOFBBCWORLDTOPROCESSEACHPIECEOFINFORMATIONTHANTHATOFCCTVNEWSINTHEASPECTOFSPATIALRELATIONS，THEREARECONSTANTCHANGESBETWEENSOCIALANDPERSONAL。DISTANCESINTHEPROCESSOFNEWSBROADCASTINGOFBBCWORLD，MAKINGAUDIENCECLOSETOEVENTSBROADCASTEDINANEWSSTORYANDCREATINGTHEAUDIENCEACOMPARATIVELYRELAXEDCONTEXT，WHILEINCCTVNEWSTHESPATIALDISTANCEBETWEENAUDIENCEANDANCHORPERSONSISCLOSE，MAKINGEVENTSPROXIMALTOAUDIENCESANDGIVINGTHEMAFEELINGOFINVASIONOFPERSONALSPACEINTHEASPECTOFARTIFACTS，THESETTINGSANDOBJECTSUSEDANDSEENBYAUDIENCEOFBBCWORLDAREMUCHMORETHANTHOSEOFCCTVNEWS，WHICHMAYHELPAUDIENCEPROCESSTHEINFORMATIONDISPLAYEDINBROADCASTINGNEWSPROCESSINTHEASPECTOFGESTURESANDAPPEARANCESOFANCHORPERSONS，THEGESTURESANDAPPEARANCESOFANCHORPERSONSOFBBCWORLDARELESSFORMALTHANTHOSEOFCCTVNEWS，CREATINGACOMPARATIVELYCOMFORTABLECONTEXTFORAUDIENCESOFBBCWORLDTHESTUDYSHOWSTHATTHEDEGREEOFSALIENCEOFNEWSPRODUCERSANDNEWSWRITERSTOWARDSTHEPRESETCONTEXTOFTVNEWSBROADCASTINGHASGREATBEARINGONTHEEFFECTIVENESSANDADAPTABILITYOFTVNEWSBROADCASTINGINNEWSPRODUCTION，ITISSUGGESTEDTHATATTENTIONMUSTBEGIVENTOADAPTATIONTOAUDIENCESMENTAL，SOCIAL，VABSTRACTPHYSICALWORLDSANDCOMMUNICATIVECHANNELATLINGUISTICANDCONTEXTUALLEVELSBESIDES，THISSTUDYHASARENEWEDEXPLANATIONOFCOMMUNICATIVECHANNELINADAPTATIONTHEORYBYVERSCHUEREN,RICHENINGTHEADAPTATIONTHEORYTHIRDLY,THISISACOMPARATIVESTUDYONCHINESEANDENGLISHNEWSBROADCASTINGPROCESS，SOITISCOMPLEMENTARYTOPRAGMATICCOMPARATIVESTUDYKEYWORDSNEWSBROADCASTING；CONTRASTIVEANALYSIS；LINGUISTICADAPTATION；CONTEXTUALADAPTATIONVI學(xué)位論文獨創(chuàng)性聲明本人聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。據(jù)我所知，除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝的地方外，論文中不包含其他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果，也不包含為獲得直昌太堂或其他教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位或證書而使用過的材料。與我一同工作的同志對本研究所做的任何貢獻(xiàn)均已在論文中作了明確的說明并表示謝意。學(xué)位論文作者簽名手寫隹哥芳簽字日期，矽留年，】月；。ET學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解直昌態(tài)堂有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，有權(quán)保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和磁盤，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)直昌太堂可以將學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存、匯編本學(xué)位論文。同時授權(quán)中國科學(xué)技術(shù)信息研究所將本學(xué)位論文收錄到中國學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫，并通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)向社會公眾提供信息服務(wù)。保密的學(xué)位論文在解密后適用本授權(quán)書學(xué)位論文作者簽名嚆哥苦導(dǎo)師簽名編干簽字目期Z腳年12月吾。日簽字日期塒年土月多日CHAPTERIINTRODUCTION11RESEARCHBACKGROUNDTHEAPPEARANCE，SURVIVALANDDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANSOCIETYCANNOTDOWITHOUTINFORMATIONCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENEACHOTHERWITHNEWSASTHEBASICCONTENTTHEMOREDEVELOPEDTHEHUMANSOCIETYIS，THEMOREFREQUENTWILLNEWSCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENHUMANBEINGSBECOMEANDTHEMOREVARIOUSANDADVANCEDWILLTHEMEANSOFHUMANNEWSCOMMUNICATIONBECOMEQ氓WUXIANG，1998810AMONGOTHERS，MASSMEDIAISAVITALMEANSINDISPENSABLEFORTRANSMITTINGINFORMATIONINMODEMSOCIETYWITHINTHEMEDIA，NEWSISPRIMARYLANGUAGEGENREANDISSEENASTHEKERNELOFMEDIACONTENTITFILLSPAGESOFTHEDAILYNEWSPAPERANDHOURSOFRADIOAND“IVTIMEITISTRUETHATINRECENTYEARSESSAYSANDPAPERSABOUTNEWSAGEEASILYFOUNDINACADEMICJOURNALSTRADITIONALLY,THESTUDYONNEWSBROADCASTINGFILLSWITHINTHERESEARCHSCOPEOFMEDIACOMMUNICATIONANDRECENTLYITHASATTRACTEDTHEATTENTIONOFLINGUISTICSCHOLARSACCORDINGTOCOTTER2001，THEREARETHREEMAINAPPROACHESTOTHESTUDYOFMEDIADISCOURSE，WHICHCANBECHARACTERIZEDAS1DISCOURSEANALYTICPRAGMATICSVERSCHUEREN，1985；WORTHAMLOCHER，1996，CONVERSATIONANALYSISGREATBATCH，1998，VARIATIONBELL，1999，LABOVIANNARRATIVEANALYSIS03ELL，1991；VANDIJK，1988ANDINTERACTUALSOCIOLINGUISTICSGOFFMAN，1981；COTTER,1999A；2SOCIOLINGUISTICINVOLVINGVARIATIONANDSTYLEINTHEMEDIAORASIMILARCLOSEANALYSISOFLANGUAGESANTAAN南1999；JAFFE，1999；3NONLINGUISTICSTUDIESONPOLITICALSCIENCE，MEDIA,ORCOMMUNICATIONPARADIGMSAND，TOSOMEDEGREEINCULTUREJAMIESON，1996；CAMPBELLJAMIESON，1990CLIAO,2004HOWEVER，STUDIESONTVNEWSBROADCASTINGASADYNAMICPROCESSARERAREMOREOVER,ACONTRASTIVESTUDYONCHINESEANDENGLISHTVNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDISORIGINALADAPTATIONTHEORYPROPOSEDBYVERSCHUEREN2000ISAPERSPECTIVEONLANGUAGE，WHICHCANBEADOPTEDTOINTERPRETVARIOUSLINGUISTICSPHENOMENAINACOMPARATIVELYCOMPREHENSIVEWAYITHASPROVEDBYLOTSOFSCHOLARSTHROUGHAPPLYINGTHISTHEORYTOVARIOUSPRAGMATICPHENOMENATHATTHISTHEORYISFAIRLYEFFECTIVEININTERPRETINGPRAGMATICPHENOMENANEVERTHELESS，THISTHEORYISRARELYAPPLIEDINTHEFIELDOFSTUDYINGNEWSBROADCASTINGINAPERSPECTIVEOFCONTRASTIVESTUDYTHUS，THISTHESISISATENTATIVECHAPTERIINTRODUCTIONSTUDYINAPPLYINGTHEADAPTATIONTHEORYTONEWSBROADCASTINGINCHINESEANDENGLISHFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDINOTHERWORDS，INTHISTHESIS，WEWILLADOPTTHEADAPTATIONTHEORYASOURTHEORETICALFRAMEWORKVERSCHUERENHOLDSTHAT“THEGENERALCONCERNFORTHESTUDYOFLINGUISTICPRAGMATICSISTOUNDERSTANDTHEMEANINGFULFUNCTIONINGOFLANGUAGEASADYNAMICPROCESSOPERATINGONCONTEXTSTRUCTURERELATIONSHIPSATVARIOUSLEVELSOFSALIENCE“VERSCHUEREN,200069HEEXPOUNDSTHATLANGUAGEUSEISAPROCESSOFCONTINUOUSMAKINGOFLINGUISTICCHOICESIBID68THISOPINIONHOLDSTRUEFORTVNEWSBROADCASTINGINTHEFOLLOWINGCHAPTERSOFTHISTHESIS，WEWILLILLUSTRATEINDETAILTHEENLIGHTENMENTOFADAPTATIONTHEORYONTVNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMACONTRASTIVEPERSPECTIVE12NEWS，NEWSLANGUAGEANDTVNEWSBROADCASTINGTHEWORD“NEWSDERIVESFROMGREECEINAMERICANREPORTERJOESTSOPINION，THEWORDNEWSCOMESFROMTHEWORDNEWITISCLEARTHATFRESHNESSISONEOFTHEMOSTESSENTIALFEATURESOFNEWSANDTHEREAREOTHERDEFINITIONSONNEWSNEWSISANYTHINGTHATWILIMAKEPEOPLETALKTHATISHOWCHARLESADANA,EDITORFROM1868TO1897OFTHELEGENDARY“NEWSPAPERMANSNEWSPAPER”，THENEW場心SUN，DEFINEDNEWSTYPICALDEFINITIONSOFNEWSSUGGESTEDBYJOURNALISTSINCLUDENEWSISTHESAMETHINGHAPPENINGTODIFFERENTPEOPLE”，NEWSISWHATTHEEDITORTHINKSISNEWS”，ORNEWSIS“WHATIMINTERESTEDIN”TIAN，2006SUCHCOMMENTSILLUSTRATETHATTHECRITICALTASKOFCAPTURINGNEWSISENTRUSTEDTOANINDESCRIBABLESKILLWHOSEWORKINGSAREUNCERTAINONEOFTHEOLDESTDEFINITIONSOFNEWSSAYSTHATWHENADOGBITESAMAN，ITISNTNEWS，BUTWHENAMANBITESADOG，ITSNEWSOFCOURSE，ABOUTTHEDEFINITIONOFNEWS，DIFFERENTSCHOLARSHAVEDIFFERENTEXPLANATIONSOMETYPICALOPINIONSGIVENBYNEWSSCHOLARSALEASFOLLOWSNEWSISAKINDOFNEWANDIMPORTANTFACTSNEWSISANIMPORTANTFACTTHATTHEPUBLICWILLKNOW,SHOULDKNOW,BUTHAVENTKNOWNNEWSISTHEREPORTGIVENBYNEWSPAPER,NEWSAGENCIES，BROADCASTSTATIONS，ANDTVSTATIONSONTEMPORARYPOLITICALORSOCIALEVENTSNEWSISTHESPREADOFFACTSTHATHAVEJUSTCHANGEDNEWSISTHEREPORTOFIMPORTANTFACTSTHATHAPPENRECENTLYANDABOUTWHICHPEOPLEALECONCEMEDLEI，19976768，OFZHANG，20062CHAPTERIINTRODUCTIONLUPOINTEDOUTINHISOURFUNDAMENTALSOFJOURNALISMTHATNEWSISTHEREPORTOFWHATHASHAPPENEDRECENTLYTHISDEFINITIONISUNIVERSALLYACCEPTEDASACOMPARATIVELYSCIENTIFICONEXUHOLDSTHATLUSDEFINITIONREPRESENTSTHREENATURESOFNEWS，NEW,FACTSANDREPORT,WHICHSHOWSTHATNEWSISREAL，TIMELYANDPUBLICHOWEVER,HEEXTENDSLU，SDEFINITIONBYSAYINGTHAT“NEWSISTHEMOSTTIMELYREPORTONFACTSTHATHAVEHAPPENED，AREHAPPENINGORWILLHAPPEN”LU，20034，CFZHANG，2006BUTFROMTHELINGUISTICPERSPECTIVE，NEWSHASAQUITEDIFFERENTIMAGEFROMTHATACCEPTEDBYJOUMALISTICMAJORITYNEWSISATYPICALEXAMPLEOFLANGUAGEINUSE，ANDOFSOCIALSTRUCTUREDMEANINGNEWSISNOTTHENEWSWORTHYEVENTITSELF,BUTRATHERTHEREPORTOR“ACCOUNTOFALLEVENTITHASGONEBEYONDWORDSITISSOCIALANDCULTURALINSTITUTIONAMONGOTHERSFOWLER1991DEFINESNEWSASASOCIALPRACTICEANDCONSTRUCTEDBYTHESOCIALANDPOLITICALWORLDONWHICHITREPORTSWHATEVENTSAREREPORTEDISNOTAREFLECTIONOFTHEIMPORTANCEOFTHOSEEVENTS，BUTREVEALSTHEOPERATIONOFACOMPLEXANDARTIFICIALSETOFCRITERIAFORSELECTIONCCBEN，2006FOWLERALSONOTESTHATNEWSPAPERCOVERAGEOFWORLDEVENTSISNOTFAIRRECORDINGOF“HARDFACTS”，ANDALLNEWSISINEVITABLYMEDIATEDANDRIONEWSMEDIUMCANBECOMPLETELYNEUTRALORUNBIASED”INFACT,DIFFERENTNEWSMEDIUMWILLREPORTDIFFERENTLYINBOTHCONTENTANDPRESENTATION,SHOWINGDISAFFECTIONANDALSOAFFILIATIONTOPARTICULARTOPICSTHUS，ITCANBEJUDGEDTHATTHEPROCESSOFNEWSREPORTINGISTOMOREORLESSDEGREEMANIPULATEDBYTHENEWSWRITER,ANDTHEDIFFERENCESINREPORTINGARELARGELYDUETOTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENINDIVIDUALWRITERSITISREASONABLEFORFOWLERTOSAYTHATTHEWORLDOFTHEPRESSISNOTTHEREALWORLD，BUTAWORLDSKEWEDANDJUDGEDFOWLER,19911112，CFCHEN，2006FAIRCLOUGH2001GOESFURTHER，CLAIMINGTHATMASSMEDIADISCOURSEINVOLVESHIDDENRELATIONSOFPOWERTEXTPRODUCERSMAYSUCCEEDINMANIPULATINGAUDIENCESTOACCEPTTHEIRVIEWOFPARTICULAREVENTS。BYNEWSREPORTING，ITMEANSNEWSAGENCIESMAKEPUBLICLYKNOWWHATHASHAPPENEDANDCHANGEDRECENTLYTHROUGHSUCHNEWSMEDIAASNEWSPAPERS，RADIOBROADCASTINGORTVBROADCASTINGQIU,WUXIANG，1998810TVNEWSBROADCASTINGISONEAMONGVARIOUSNEWSREPORTINGSTYLESANDISINTHEDOMINANTPLACEBECAUSEOFTHEPOPULARITYOFTELEVISIONSINMODEMSOCIETYTHEREFORE，“IVBROADCASTINGWILLSERVEASTHEBREAKTHROUGHPOINTOFTHEAUTHORSSTUDY313RESEARCHMETHODOLOGYANDDATACOLLECTIONAS缸ASMETHODOLOGYISCONCERNEDTHEMAJORITYOFTHESTUDYRELIESONTHEQUALITATIVEANALYSISOFTHEDATATHEPRESENTRESEARCHISBOTHDATADRIVENANDTHEORYDRIVENWITHOUTANYREADYMADEFRAMEWORKATHANDNORANYHYPOTHESISPROPOSEDBEFOREHAND，THEINVESTIGATIONBEGINSWITHFIXINGAWORKINGDEFINITIONFORTHERESEARCHOBJECT，NAMELY,TVNEWSBROADCASTING，WHICHPROVIDESAGUIDELINEFORTHEFOLLOWINGSTAGEOFTHEEFFORTCONSUMINGSEARCHFORDATAKEEPINGTHEDATACOLLECTEDINMIND，WECARRYOUTACAREFULOBSERVATIONANDANALYSISONTHEBASISOFVERSCHUERENSADAPTATIONTHEORY,EXPLORETHEMANIPULATIONOFTELEVISIONNEWSBROADCASTINGSFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLD，SEEKTHEUNDERLYINGREASONSFORTHEDIFFERENTOPERATIONONLINGUISTICANDNONLINGUISTICCHOICEMAKINGINTHEPROCESSOFTVNEWSBROADCASTINGWHILETAKINGSOCIAL，CULTURALANDCOGNITIVEFACETSINTOCONSIDERATION，ANDFINALLYPROPOSESEVERALPIECESOFSUGGESTIONSFORTVNEWSBROADCASTINGFORGUIDINGPUBLICOPINIONMUCHBETTERANDATTHESAMETIMEREALIZEHIGHLEVELDEGREEOFEFFECTIVENESSASMENTIONEDABOVE，THEPRESENTSTUDYISMAINLYAQUALITATIVEONEAQUALITATIVESTUDYREQUIRESBOTHIDEASANDDATATHEDATACANNOTBEANALYZEDWITHOUTIDEAS；ATTHESAMETIME，THEIDEASMUSTBESHAPEDANDTESTEDBYTHEDATADEY,19937，OFZHANG，200614THUS，DATACOLLECTIONPLAYSAFUNDAMENTALROLEINTHISSTUDYBBCWORLDANDCCTVNEWSCANBETAKENASREPRESENTATIVECHANNELSFORENGLISHANDCHINESETVNEWSBROADCASTINGRESPECTIVELYTHUS，THEDATAINVESTIGATEDINTHISTHESISAREMAINLYEXTRACTEDFROMTHEHOURNEWSOFTHESETWOCHANNELSTHEREARETOGETHERFOURNEWSSCRIPTSOFHOURNEWSFROMTHESETWOCHANNELS，WITHTWOFROMBBCWORLDANDTHEOTHERTWOFROMCCTVNEWSTHESEDATAAREALLRECORDEDBYTHEAUTHORBYUSINGREALPLAYER,SOFTWAREFORPLAYINGANDRECORDING，ANDARESAVEDINTHEAUTHORSPERSONALCOMPUTERFORFURTHERANALYSIS14ACADEMICVALUEANDPRAGMATICSIGNIFICANCESINCEITISFIRSTPROPOSEDBYVERSCHUEREN，THEADAPTATIONTHEORYHASBEENWIDELYAPPLIEDTOINTERPRETINGVARIOUSLINGUISTICANDINTERDISCIPLINARYPHENOMENAHOWEVER，ITHASNEVERENTEREDTHEFIELDOFMEDIACOMMUNICATIONSUCHASTVNEWSBROADCASTINGTRADITIONALSTUDYONNEWSBROADCASTINGFALLSWITHINTHERESEARCHSCOPEOFMEDIACOMMUNICATIONRECENTLY,MOREANDMORESTUDIESHAVEBEENBECOMINGINTERDISCIPLINARYANDINTHERESEARCHFIELDOFLINGUISTICS，STUDYONMEDIACOMMUNICATIONISBECOMING4CHAPTERIINTRODUCTION一_MOREANDMOREPOPULARHOWEVER,MOSTOFTHESTUDIESONMEDIACOMMUNICATIONFOCUSONNEWSTEXTSORREPORTSFROMNEWSPAPERSBUTNOTONNEWSBROADCASTINGPROCESSFROMTVPROGRAMSANDNONEOFTHEMHAVEADOPTEDTHEADAPTATIONTHEORYININTERPRETINGTHISPHENOMENON。BESIDES,FEWOFTHEMALEOFCONTRASTIVESTUDIESTHUS，ITISFIMLLVBELIEVEDTHATTHISSTUDYOFADOPTINGTHEADAPTATIONTHEORYININTERPRETINGTHEPHENOMENONOFNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMBBCWORLDANDCCTVNEWSWILLPROVIDESUPPLEMENTARYHELPINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPRAGMATICADAPTATIONTHEORY,CONTRASTIVESTUDYANDCLLIILESEILEWSPROGRAMPRODUCTIONTHISTHESISISACONTRASTIVESTUDYFROMAPRAGMATICADAPTATIONPERSPECTIVE，SOITISBELIEVEDTHATTHEFINDINGSOFTHISSTUDYWILLBETHEORETICALLYCONSTRUCTIVEFORCONTRASTIVELINGUISTICSATTHELEVELOFPRAGMATICCONTRASTINTHISTHESIS，THEADAPTATIONTHEORYWILLBETENTATIVELYAPPLIEDTOINTERPRETTHEPHENOMENONOFTVNEWSBROADCASTING，WHICHISQUITEDIFFERENTFROMITSORIGINALAPPLIEDFIELDININSTANTCONVERSATIONFROMTHISPOINTOFVIEW，THISSTUDYWILLENLARGETHEEXPLANATORYPOWEROFTHEADAPTATIONTHEORYONEOFTHEFINDINGSOFTHISRESEARCHISCONCERNEDWITHTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENNEWSBROADCASTINGINENGLISHANDCHINESEFROMBBCWORLDANDCCTVNEWSRESPECTIVELY,SOTHISMAYBEHELPFULFORTHETVNEWSPROGRAMPRODUCTIONINCHINABECAUSETHEDATAOFTHISRESE孤CHALEALLSTANDARDUSAGESFROMCHINESEANDENGLISH，SOTHEFINDINGSMAYBETOSOMEDEGREEBENEFICIALTOFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDSTUDYING15ORGANIZATIONOFTHETHESISTHETHESISISCOMPOSEDOFSIXCHAPTERSCHAPTERONEISAGENERALINTRODUCTIONOFTHERESEARCH，INCLUDINGABRIEFIILTLODUCTIONOFTHEREASONSFORSTUDYINGTVNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMAPRAGMATICPERSPECTIVE，SELECTINGADAPTATIONTHEORYANDCONDUCTINGACONTRASTIVESTUDYOFCHINESEANDENGLISHWITHTVNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDASRESEALCHDATATHEDEFINITIONOFNEWSANDNEWSBROADCASTINGANDTVNEWSBROADCASTING,METHODOLOGY,SIGNIFICANCEOFTHERESEARCH，ANDORGANIZATIONOFTHETHESISCHAPTERTWOISLITERATUREREVIEWOFTHEPREVIOUSSTUDYONNEWSANDNEWSBROADCASTING，PROPERTIESOFNEWSBROADCASTINGANDBROADCASTNEWSLANGUAGETHEAUTHORWILLINVESTIGATETHECHARACTERISTICSANDLINGUISTICFEATURESOFNE、VSBROADCASTINGINTHISCHAPTERCHAPTERTHREEISTHETHEORETICALFOUNDATIONOFTHEWHOLETHESISTHISCHAPTER5EXPLAINSTHEMAJORCONTENTSOFTHEADAPTATIONTHEORY,ANDTHENEXPLORESITSAPPLICATIONTOTVNEWSBROADCASTINGACCORDINGTOVERSCHUEREN，LANGUAGEUSEISAPROCESSOFCHOICEMAKING，WHICHREFERSTOADAPTATIONOFLANGUAGESTRUCTUREINREGARDTOCONTEXTINADYNAMICWAYATVARIOUSLEVELSOFSALIENCENODOUBT，THEPROCESSOFTVNEWSBROADCASTINGCONSISTSOFPREDOMINANTLYCONSCIOUSMAKINGOFLINGUISTICCHOICES，F(xiàn)ORWHICHTHELANGUAGEINTERNALREASONSARETHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHETWOLANGUAGESANDTHELANGUAGEEXTERNALREASONSAREINBROADSENSECONTEXTUALELEMENTSCHAPTERFOURDISPLAYSTHEMAJORDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHTVNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDFIRSTLY,WEWILLDISPLAYALINGUISTICCOMPARISONONTVNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDONTHELEVELOFVOICEANDINTONATION,WORDING，SENTENCESTRUCTUREANDTEXTORGANIZATIONSECONDLY,WEWILLDOACONTEXTUALCOMPARISONONTVNEWSBROADCASTINGONTHELEVELOFTHEMANAGEMENTOFTEMPORALANDSPATIALREFERENCES，THEUSEOFARTIFACTSANDTHEGESTURESANDAPPEARANCESOFANCHORPERSONSOFCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDRESPECTIVELYCHAPTERFIVEISTHESOULOFTHETHESISTHISCHAPTERPROVIDESADETAILEDANALYSISOFTVNEWSBROADCASTINGFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFPRAGMATICADAPTATIONWEWILLEXPLOREHOWTHECHOICESMADEBYTVPRODUCERSANDNEWSWRITERSOFCCTVNEWSANDBBCWORLDAREADAPTEDTOTHEAUDIENCESMENTALWORLD，SOCIALWORLD，PHYSICALWORLDANDCOMMUNICATIVECHANNELREQUIREDBYTVNEWSBROADCASTING，HOWTHEDIFFER