《英語句子翻譯方法》PPT課件.ppt

1、分句、合句法,翻譯英語句子時(shí)，有時(shí)我們可把原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)整個(gè)保存下來或只稍加改變即可，但在不少情況下則必須將原來的句子結(jié)構(gòu)作較大的改變。分句法和合句法是指把原文的一個(gè)簡單句譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。所謂合句法是指把原文兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句或一個(gè)復(fù)合句在譯文中用一個(gè)單句來表達(dá)。,分句法,（一）把原文中的一個(gè)單詞譯成句子，使原文的一個(gè)句子分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。 1. 副詞 （1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. 中國人似乎為他們在經(jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成就而自豪，這是合乎情理的。,Incident

2、ally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the United States. 順便提一下， 我希望能在這些國家得到比我在美國這里所能得到的更好的治療。 They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他們根本沒有答復(fù)， 這是不足為奇的。,2 形容詞,1）Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of

3、 “self-reliance.” 毛主席在談到他的“自力更生”的政策時(shí)，也許有些自豪感，這是可以理解的。 2）That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 那地區(qū)是個(gè)麻煩的地方，這是大家最容易看得出來的。,3 名詞,1）A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle. 我離開那個(gè)單人掩體速度之快，要是拍成電影的話，會象出膛的子彈一樣。 As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As

4、 a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity 作為居住的地方，這里有許多不足之處。但作為完全新型飛機(jī)的秘密訓(xùn)練基地卻是非常理想的。它地處邊陲，人們不易了解其中的活動,3）He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他搖了搖頭，兩目睜得圓圓的，接著又瞇成一條縫，臉上露出了憤怒的神色。,（二

5、）把原文中的一個(gè)短語譯成句子，使原文的一個(gè)句子分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。,1 分詞短語 1）They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear. 他們在群眾家里感到自在，行動時(shí)心里踏實(shí)，無憂無慮。,2）She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那兒雙手托著下巴，眼睛凝視著小廚房的一角。 3）Sunrays filtered in wherever they co

6、uld, driving out darkness and choking the shadows. 陽光射入了它所能透過的所有地方，趕走了黑暗，驅(qū)散了幽影。,2 名詞短語,1）I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我頭三年寫了四本書，打破了以往的記錄。 2）The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task. （政府）禁止軍方“擊毀”這艘潛艇，雖然要擊毀該艇并不怎么費(fèi)事。,3）The stati

7、on chief would have to be close to the direction, a member of the inner circle. 這位站長就得接近董事，因?yàn)槎率呛诵募瘓F(tuán)的成員。 4）Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被創(chuàng)造也不能被消滅，這是一條普遍公認(rèn)的規(guī)律。,3 前置詞短語,1) In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not

8、in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yenan. 一九四六年八月，我再回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路過中國；由于我丈夫已在戰(zhàn)爭中犧牲了，當(dāng)時(shí)我并不急于回去，就到了延安。,2) Their power increased with their number. 他們?nèi)藬?shù)增加了，力量也隨之增加。 3) He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他來到華盛頓，就國際形勢來說，時(shí)機(jī)正合適。,（三）把原文的一個(gè)句子拆開，譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。,1）So

9、metimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat. 有時(shí)，克羅斯太太會一面在大廚房踱來踱去，一面看他吃飯。 2) She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 她已試了好幾次，要幫他們另找一所出租的房子，結(jié)果并未成功。,3）But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on in

10、ternational relations. 但是，如果該地區(qū)再次發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭，顯然會使國際關(guān)系處于緊張狀態(tài)。 4）His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因?yàn)樗麤]有遵守安全規(guī)則，機(jī)器出了故障。,二、合句法,（一）把原文中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句（simple sentence)譯成一個(gè)單句。 1) It was on the early morning of April 2, 1971. The pilots were briefed in the ready r

11、oom. 一九七一年四月二日清晨，飛機(jī)駕駛員都在待命室接受飛行任務(wù)。,2）He was very clean. His mind was open. 他為人單純而坦率。 3) There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South. 從全國各地來的人中有許多是南方人。 4) His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea. 他的父親在意大利北部

12、近海的比薩開小鋪。,（二）把原文中的主從復(fù)合句(complex sentence) 譯成一個(gè)單句,1) When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat. 我在談判時(shí)總是有些緊張。緊張時(shí)我就吃點(diǎn)東西。 2) When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 我們對中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國人民的贊揚(yáng)不僅僅是出于禮貌。 3) Im blest if I know. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不知道。,（三）把原文中的并列復(fù)合句(com

13、pound sentence)譯成一個(gè)單句。,1) From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea. 阿諾河從弗洛倫撒流經(jīng)比薩入海。 2) In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends. 一八四四年恩格斯與馬克思相遇并成了朋友。 3) The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light. 十點(diǎn)三十分的時(shí)候，街上來往的車輛稀少了。,exercises,一、翻譯下列句子，將斜體的單詞譯成

14、一個(gè)漢語句子： 1 He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been there three hours ago. 2 illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 3 But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash,

15、the other long.,4 Characteristically, Mr. Harold concerned his feelings and watched and learned. 5 He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 6 The inside of each tent depended on the personality of his occupations.,二、試譯下列各句，把斜體的短語譯成漢語句子。,1 He was lying on his side watching her.

16、2 Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe. 3 But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it.,4 The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food. 5 The answer had been there all of the time just out of reac

17、h. 6 Mr. Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it, unusual to Rob.,三、試譯下列句子，將斜體句子分譯成兩個(gè)以上的漢語句子。,1 The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees. 2 David opened the door, and Arthur went out into the rain. 3 He wanted to tell John how surprised he was

18、at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace. 4 Strange enough they were the same age to the day. 5 Out of sheer joy she waved.,四、試譯下列各句，將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句合并譯成一個(gè)漢語單句（或復(fù)句）,1 It was half past ten. Sarie watched the path anxiously. 2 That was long ago. A very long time ago. Almost 30 years ago. 3 He would miss many things and many people. He would miss Celia.,4 The four men huddled there and said nothing. They dared not smoke. They wo