八年級英語常用介詞的基本用法II沈陽牛津版知識精講

1、億庫教育網(wǎng) http:/www.eku.cc初二英語常用介詞的基本用法（II）【本講教育信息】一. 教學內(nèi)容： 常用介詞的基本用法（II）二. 具體過程：（六）某些形容詞和介詞的固定搭配1） be afraid of 擔心 be afraid for替而擔心2） be angry about / at sth.因而生氣 be angry with sb.對某人發(fā)怒3） be anxious for sth.渴望 be anxious about sth. / sb.擔心4） be different from 與不同 be indifferent to %不關心5） be good at 擅長

2、 be good for 對有益 be good of sb. to do sth.友好6） be strict with sb.對嚴格 be strict in sth.7） be popular with sb.受到歡迎 be popular in some place流行在be popular for因而流行8） be pleased with + n.或what從句；be pleased at +抽象名詞 聽、看到而高興9） be disappointed at sth. ；be disappointed with sb.對失望10） be known to sb. ；be known

3、 with + n.或從句 ；be known for因而著名11） be absent from缺席12） be devoted to 獻身于13） be open to 對開放14） be poor / clever / expert at 15） be sorry for 替/為后悔16） be rich in be interested in 17） be proud of (take pride in)18） be satisfied with / by be sure of / about 19） be fond of, be fit for, be busy with sth.

4、(in doing sth.)20） be late for, be ready for21） be similar to ；be wrong with （七）以to為中心構成的短語的歸納belong to, come to（蘇醒）, look forward to, lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to（為干杯）, object to（反對）, reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance to the music（和著在聲中唱/跳）, devote oneself to（八）以f

5、or為中心構成的短語的歸納ask for, call for（去接某人）, care for（關心）, go in for（從事）, answer for（對負責）, send for, pay for, praise sb. for（贊揚某人某事）, head for（向方向移動）, search for, take for （誤以為）, leave for, prepare for（為準備）, thank sb. for, make a dive for（向猛沖）, make up for（彌補損失）（九）以on為中心構成的短語的歸納come on來吧, call on拜訪, pass o

6、n傳遞, carry on進行下去, live on sth.靠生活, depend on依靠, have on穿著, have pity on同情, look on as 把看作, push on推動, spy on窺探, switch / turn on旋開, wait on服侍, walk on繼續(xù)走, spendon 在上花費時間、金錢, operate on給動手術, take on a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌 （十）吊尾介詞1） 某些形容詞后接不及物動詞或“v+介”型短語動詞的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介詞。A) fit, easy, hard, good, difficu

7、lt, comfortable, heavy等形容詞后，常用吊尾介詞。e.g. The girl is easy to get along with.B) be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done, want / require / need doing表反射，常用吊尾介詞。e.g. The problem is worth dealing with.The book is worthy of being referred to.2） 不及物動詞的不定式修飾表“涉及對象、場所、工具、手段、方式、材料等”意義的名詞

8、時常用吊尾介詞。e.g. There is nothing for us to worry about. a room to live in3） 定語從句中，先行詞被一個不及物動詞所修飾，則不及物動詞后要帶介詞，先行詞被“V+介”組成的短語動詞所修飾，介詞常在句尾。e.g. He is the very man I just spoke to. This is the life he is used to.4） 以what，whose，who，whatever等引導的賓語從句、表語從句中常出現(xiàn)“吊尾介詞”。e.g. I dont know what you do it for.5） 強調(diào)句型和

9、特殊疑問句中由于被強調(diào)部分和疑問詞位置變更，常出現(xiàn)吊尾介詞。在上下文意義清楚時，特殊疑問句常用省簡結構。e.g. It is the poor boy that we gave the books to.What for?（為什么？）Where to?（去哪兒？）Who with?（和誰去？）6） 被動語態(tài)中“V+介”短語常用吊尾介詞。e.g. He was listened to come here. He has never been spoken to in this way.（十一）雙重介詞雙重介詞是兩個介詞的重疊使用，表達兩個介詞共有的更精確更明了的含義，從表達意義的角度分析，雙重介

10、詞用在一個介詞難以全面表達含義的場合，或者是需要從兩個角度來描述其具體意義的場合，一般地，前一個介詞意義含糊，后一個介詞比較具體或從另一個角度對前者進行補充完善。e.g. New shoots will come up from round roots.新芽從舊根周圍長出。（from和round同屬地點位置范疇，但一個介詞均不足以全面表意。）He wont come back until after sunset.到太陽落山之后他才回來。（until與after同屬時間范疇。）He has traveled everywhere except in Japan.Water began to f

11、low out instead of into the bottle.（十二）常用介詞辨異1. about, on, of 關于on多用于慎重的、正式的語言交際場合。常見于“學術上”的“論文”或“演說”等題目，可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀，有“論及”之意。about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式，有“述及”之意。of作“關于”講，表示提及、涉及某人（事）時，只表示事情存在或發(fā)生，并不涉及詳情；有時與about意義相近，但有時意義很不同，常與動詞know、hear、learn（聽說）、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。2. except, except for, except t

12、hat, but, besides, besideexcept“除之外”，指不包括，后面常接名詞、代詞（人稱代詞常用賓格），還可接介詞短語、副詞和動詞不定式，此時相當于but，但不定式常不帶to。except for“除了，只有”，意思和except一樣，主要指說明基本情況后，在細節(jié)上加以修正，后面常接名詞性短語。except that“除了，只是”，意思和except、except for一樣。但在用法上，主要指其后常接名詞性從句，也可接when、where等詞引導的其它從句。but所含“除外”的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞（主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問代詞）之后。besid

13、es表示“除外還有”，所排除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內(nèi)。另外，besides可用作副詞，相當于also，有“而且，加之，何況”之意。beside也是介詞，表示“在附近”，只不過形似besides，容易相互混淆。【對比】如果在區(qū)別前后有同類的詞語時，就用except，否則就用except for。e.g.This book has no blunder except a few mistakes.This book is interesting except for a few mistakes.（前面無同類詞語）Every one of us, except him, went to see

14、the exhibition.形容詞解釋：（一）只能用作定語，不能用作表語的形容詞：little，wooden ，golden，many，elder 不能說The boy is little。the watch is golden/wooden（二）只能用作表語，不能用作定語的形容詞：well，ill，alone, content，unable，worth，afraid，alive ,asleep, ashamed, awake, aware.an ill boy ,an alone village 就是錯的短語,an ill idea “壞點子”ill當定語時是轉(zhuǎn)義了,不是“有病的”了。（三

15、）表示倍數(shù)常用的句型:He is as tall a boy as I. He is a head taller than I . He is two years older than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as youI am twice older than you.I am twice the age of you.My books are twice as many as yoursChina is four times larger than Europe.China is four tim

16、es the size of Europe.I pay twice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as much for the house .（四）與動詞有區(qū)別,表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)的形容詞:open, dead, still靜,一動也不動,常修飾動詞sit, stand The door is open/closed.不要選opened或close.有特殊意義的形容詞有:closed關,close的形容詞的意思是“近”,不是“關”。near, nearly, hard, hardly, most, mostly大多數(shù)（五）very修飾原級、形容詞、副詞，修

17、飾v-ing，放在名詞前表示強調(diào)。much 修飾動詞，修飾比較級最高級，修飾過去分詞 。（六）以-ly結尾的詞一般是副詞，但有些以-ly結尾的詞是形容詞，如：lonely，friendly，They talk in a friendly way. lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly（七）在be，seem及物當主語的look，taste，smell，feel，sound，appear等動詞后用形容詞，I looked at the flower. The flower looks beautiful. He appeared (出現(xiàn))suddenly. He appe

18、ared(顯得) happy.（八）表示主語長期的靜止狀態(tài),不強調(diào)動作的sit, stand, lie 接形容詞quiet, silent, still, red, peaceful等The valley lay quiet and peacefulShe sat silent. They stood still.（九）become, fall ,get, go, turn 表示變得時后跟形容詞.The leaves fell/got/went/turned yellow.It fell/got/went/turned cold.（十）present 表示“出席的,到場的”的時候常放在名詞后,

19、the members present 表示“現(xiàn)在的”則放在名詞前 the present members （十一）live有時可用作形容詞: a live fish 活魚(形容動物，不形容人 ) The broadcast comes to you live from Beijing .實況轉(zhuǎn)播 That wire is live. 電線是帶電的。lively 生動的，活潑的His class is often lively. （十二）the +adj表示一類人,是復數(shù)The rich should help the poor.the blind /wounded/young/old （十三

20、）多個形容詞作定語時的位置:排列順序大致為:all/quite/such/rather限定詞(包括冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞等) + 描繪形容詞(短詞在前,長詞在后)+ 特征形容詞(包括大小、形狀、新舊、年齡等)+ 顏色形容詞 + 類屬形容詞(包括專有形容詞和材料質(zhì)地形容詞) + 名詞性定語(包括動名詞)+ 名詞。It is such a charming little short old round yellow如：冠抽大高老形色French oak writing table. 國.材用為方便背誦,特簡化成9字訣:抽大高,老形色,國材用抽：即抽象性質(zhì)如beautiful，wo

21、nderful，terrible之類較空泛的詞。大：big，little，small高：tall，high，short，low老：old，new，young形：square，round等色：white，black，brown，red，gray，green，blue等國：出產(chǎn)地方，往往是國家的形容詞。漢語總是把產(chǎn)地排前,其它置后：中國美酒材：wooden，plastic，brick，silk，wool等材料，很多是名詞用：物品的用途writing，fishing，walking，swimming用來寫字的，釣魚的，走路的，游泳的，往往是動名詞。1. She has a _ jacket(leat

22、her，brown，beautiful) 2. He has a _ car. (long，red, American)3. They live in a _ house. (old，beautiful)4. We have a _ table. (antique, small，wooden)5. He has a _ jumper. (lovely, red, woollen)6. She has a _ ring. (fabulous, new, diamond)8. It was a _ song(French，old, lovely)8. He owns a _ dog. (black

23、，horrible，big)9. She bought a _ scarf. (gorgeous, pink, silk，)10. I saw a _ film. (fantastic, new, British)Answer:1. beautiful brown leather jacket.2. long red American car.3. beautiful old house.4. small antique wooden table.5. lovely red woollen jumper.6. fabulous new diamond ring.7. lovely old Fr

24、ench song.8. horrible big black dog.9. gorgeous pink silk scarf.10. fantastic new British film. 注：上述原則不是放之四海而皆準的，要把普遍真理與特殊實際結合起來。一般說來，“抽色，國，材，用”的位置是較確定的，“大，高，老，形”則不太確定，它們有時歸類于“抽象”的一大類，在抽象的大詞類中按短詞在前，長詞在后的原則甚至按照讀音舒服順口原則排列。例：a tall intelligent young Chinese officer 一個聰慧的個子很高的年輕的中國軍官【模擬試題】（答題時間：50分鐘）（一）

25、1. This box is_ that one.A. heavy than B. so heavy thanC. heavier as D. as heavy as 2. When we speak to people, we should be _.A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly 3. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one.A. as difficult as; expe

26、nsiveB. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive 4. I think the story is not so _ as that one.A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting 5. His father began to work_ he was seven years old.A. as old as B. as ea

27、rly as C. since D. while（二）1. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important2. This pencil is_ than that one.A. longest B. long C. longerD. as long 3. My mother is no _ young.A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few 4. These children are

28、 _ this year than they were last year.A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller5. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today.A. even hotter B. more hotterC. much more hot D. much hot 6. Mrs Black has got_ instead of getting any better.A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a

29、 lot of worse（三）1. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students.A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite 2. The house is_ small for a family of six.A. much too B. too much C. very much D. so 3. Through the window we can see nothing but _ buildings.A. tall very many B.

30、very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall 4. Whats your brother like?He is_.A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school 5. The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheap 6. Our classroom is_ larger than theirs.A. more B. quite C. very D. much（四）

31、1. The earth is about_ as the moon.A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big2. Your room is_ mine.A. twice as large than B. twice the size ofC. bigger twice than D. as twice large as3. Your room is _ than mine.A. three time big B. three times big C. three

32、 times bigger D. bigger three times4. His father is _ than his mother. A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years（五）1. Maths is more popular than_.A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject2. China is larger than _ in Africa. A.

33、any other country B. other countriesC. the other countryD. any country3. Tom is stronger than _ in his class.A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy（六）1. When spring comes, it gets_.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter2. By and by, _ students

34、 in our class came to like English.A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least3. At last he began to cry _.A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder4. When spring comes the days get _ and nights _.A. short; long B. long; sh

35、ort C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer（七）1. _ I look at the picture, _ I like it.A. The best; the more B. The more; the lessC. The more; less D. More; the more 2. _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interestingB. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more intereste

36、d D. More; more interested 3. _ you come back, _ it will be.A. The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the better C. Faster; the better D. The sooner; better（八）1. I like_ one of the two books.A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older2. Which is _country, China or Japan?A. the large B. the larger C.

37、 larger D. largest 3. 3 Of the two cups, he bought _.A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D. smaller（九）1. Which do you like _, tea or coffee?A. well B. better C. best D. most 2. This work is _ for me than for you.A. difficult B. most difficultC. much difficult D. more difficult 3. Which do you th

38、ink tastes _, the chicken or the fish?A. good B. better C. best D. well 4. The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once _.A. higher B. highest C. high too D. more high 5. Dont you think it _ not to write the letter?A. wellB. better C. best D. good（十）1. Who jumped _ of all? A. fa

39、r B. farther C. farthest D. the most far2. Li Lei is_ student in our class.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 3. The fifth orange is_ of all. Give it to that small child.A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the biggest 4. Who is _ of you three? A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest D. older（十一

40、）1. Tom is one of _ boys in our class.A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall2. English is one of_ spoken in the world.A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language3. Beijing is one of_ in China.A. the largest city B. the

41、 large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities（十二）1. Most of the woods _ been taken good care of.A. are B. is C. has D. have2. _ like playing football and watching TV.A. Most boys B. Most of they C. Most boy D. More of they3. _ are here watering the flowers here.A. Some B. Some of the boys

42、 C. Some boy D. Some of boys4. _ havent been to American.A. Most them B. Most they C. More of they D. Most of them（十三）1. _ is more beautiful than roses.A. No other flower B. No another flowerC. Not other flower D. Not all flowers 2. The tree is _ in the garden.A. the taller B. the tallestC. taller t

43、han of all D. tall3. Mary studies harder _in her class.A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone（十四）1. Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong?A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest2. Which language is_, English, French or Japanese?A. easy B. the most easy C. the easies

44、t o D. much more easy3. Which is _ interesting, science, maths or English?A. more B. the most C. very D. too4. Which city is_, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. much more beautiful D. the most beautiful5. Which month is_, June, July or August?A. hot B. hotter C. hottest

45、D. the hottest（十五）1. Do you have _ to tell us?A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything2. Mike, I have _ to tell you.A. important something B. important anything C. something important,D. anything important3. There is _ in todays newspaper.A. interesting something B. nothing interesting C. interesting anything D. anything interesting4. Is Mrs. Brown badly ill?No, _. Only a little cold.A. quite well B. nothin