2008年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試試題解析

1、2008年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試試題解析Part I Writing* 解題思路 1. 審解題目：本文為問題解決類作文。首先提出一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象；然后對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象所帶來的問題進(jìn)行分析和闡述；最后對(duì)解決這一問題的方法進(jìn)行論述：贊成或反對(duì)。2. 寫作步驟：本文為提綱式作文，寫作應(yīng)按照試卷上給出的漢語提綱進(jìn)行，分三段將所涉及內(nèi)容論述清楚：第一段：引出一次性塑料袋在人們生活中廣泛使用的現(xiàn)象；第二段：列舉使用一次性塑料袋帶來的問題；第三段：對(duì)限制使用一次性塑料袋這一政策闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)：可以支持以上觀點(diǎn)，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)；也可以否定以上觀點(diǎn)，并提出反對(duì)理由。范文：Limiting the Use of Dispo

2、sable Plastic Bags Plastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for many years. But recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into peoples concern. Although plastic bags have brought great convince to people, it has also caused a lot of problems. Firs

3、t of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes great harm to our environment. As these bags can not be discomposed, they pollute the field and water. Besides, plastic bags do harm to peoples health as well, because they are made of chemical materials which may contaminate our food. Whats more,

4、the over use of plastic bags is also a kind of waste of resources. Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. This policy not only enhances peoples awareness of environmental protection, but also reduce the waste of resources. In short, we should do our best to

5、limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation.經(jīng)典句式:1. Recently, the problem of has become the focus of the public concern.2. It is important to point out that3. On one hand, . On the other hand, 4. Obviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that 5. First of

6、all, . Besides, . Whats more, 6. is of great significance.7. It is high time that we put an end to Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) * 解題思路 1. 【答案】A 【解析】本題的定位信息是Stella Bianchi, 答案來自第三段第一句Stella says, “I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at

7、 me for disciplining her child”. 意思是：Stella說：“我原以為她是過來是要道歉的，但是相反由于我“教育她的孩子”，她卻沖我大喊大叫。discipline“訓(xùn)導(dǎo)”題干問：當(dāng)Stella Bianchi與小男孩說話時(shí)，她期待男孩的媽媽做什么？因此A選項(xiàng)“道歉”是正確答案。2. 【答案】D【解析】本題的定位信息是dealing with other peoples children, 答案來自第四段第二句Dealing with other peoples children has become a minefield. 意思是：教育別人的小孩稱得上是一個(gè)“雷區(qū)

8、”，minefield意為“雷區(qū)”，引申為比較難處理的問題。所以此句的意思是：教育別人家的小孩會(huì)有非常之多的麻煩。題干問：關(guān)于教育別人家的小孩的問題作者說了什么？因此D選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)可能會(huì)使某一個(gè)人碰到很多的麻煩”是正確答案。3. 【答案】B【解析】本題的定位信息是Naomi White of Monash University, 答案來自第七段最后一句We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if youre saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then thats s

9、omehow a criticism of me. 意思是：家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為孩子是自己生命的延續(xù)，所以說如果你要是批評(píng)孩子行為不當(dāng)，家長(zhǎng)就會(huì)認(rèn)為，你是在批評(píng)他本人。題干問：根據(jù)Monash University的Naomi White教授所說，當(dāng)孩子受到批評(píng)時(shí)，他們的父母可能感覺會(huì)怎樣？因此B選項(xiàng)“受到傷害”是正確選項(xiàng)。4. 【答案】A【解析】本題的定位信息是Andrew Fuller , 答案來自第九段第一句 “Id go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller. 意思是：Andrew Fuller說“我首先會(huì)直接找孩子”。題干問：根據(jù)Andrew Fulle

10、r所說，看到別人家小孩的不良行為，人們應(yīng)該怎么做？因此A選項(xiàng)“直接找小孩談”是正確選項(xiàng)。5. 【答案】B【解析】本題的定位信息是the child-centric nature of our society, 答案來自第十四段第二句和第十五和十六段第一句Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate.For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone He sees it as a

11、loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (禮貌).意思是：體罰，曾經(jīng)被接受，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再合適了Andrew Fuller認(rèn)為以孩子為中心的社會(huì)本質(zhì)已經(jīng)影響了所有的人他把這看成是缺少公共道德和禮貌的。題干問：由于社會(huì)本質(zhì)是以孩子為中心，所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況？因此B選項(xiàng)“在大庭廣眾之下來批評(píng)孩子是不應(yīng)該的”是正確選項(xiàng)。6. 【答案】B【解析】本題的定位信息是overwork and lack of sleep，答案來自第十七段A code of conduct is hard to create when youre

12、living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep意思是：在一個(gè)由于超時(shí)工作和缺乏睡眠而使人精疲力盡的社會(huì)中，行為準(zhǔn)則是很難建立的。題干問：在一個(gè)由于超時(shí)工作和缺乏睡眠而使人精疲力盡的社會(huì)中，會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況？因此B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于這種行為準(zhǔn)則是比較難以創(chuàng)建的”是正確選項(xiàng)。 7. 【答案】D【解析】本題的定位信息是got into trouble，答案來自第十八段The days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into tr

13、ouble”, and dad said, “you probably deserved it”. 意思是：當(dāng)這個(gè)小孩過去回到家里說“碰到了問題”，爸爸可能會(huì)說“你活該”。題干問：以前當(dāng)孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校碰到問題的時(shí)候，人們會(huì)做出怎樣的回應(yīng)？因此D選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)責(zé)備他們自己的孩子”是正確選項(xiàng)。8. 【答案】challenged【解析】本題的定位信息是notions of a more child-centered society，答案來自倒數(shù)第五段第一句White believes our notions of a more child-centered society should be chall

14、enged. 意思是：懷特教授認(rèn)為以孩子們?yōu)橹行牡倪@種想法應(yīng)該受到質(zhì)疑。題干問：懷特教授認(rèn)為以孩子們?yōu)橹行牡纳鐣?huì)這種想法應(yīng)該被怎樣？過去分詞challenged是正確答案。9. 【答案】be proud of【解析】本題的定位信息是professor White，答案來自倒數(shù)第四段最后一句We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of意思是：我們把孩子們看成是一樣?xùn)|西一樣無論是外表還是所取得的成就都是我們?yōu)橹湴恋臇|西。題干問：根據(jù)懷特教授所說，現(xiàn)在家長(zhǎng)們對(duì)待

15、孩子，就好象孩子是什么呢？短語be proud of 是正確答案。 10.【答案】stay silent【解析】本題的定位信息是Andrew Fuller，答案來自最后第一段最后第一句He recommends that we dont stay silent over inappropriate behavior, particularly with regular visitors.意思是：他建議我們不應(yīng)該對(duì)一些不當(dāng)行為保持沉默，尤其是對(duì)那些常犯的錯(cuò)誤，更應(yīng)如此。題干問：教授建議當(dāng)孩子們表現(xiàn)不好時(shí)，我們也不應(yīng)該怎樣？動(dòng)詞短語stay silent是正確答案。 Part III Listen

16、ing Comprehension Section A* 解題思路 11. M: I just received an email from one of my former classmates. I was surprised, I hadnt heard from him for ages.W: Well, Ive been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two drop me a line occasionally. Q: What does the woman mean?【答案】D【解析】該題選項(xiàng)C，D都是

17、講she和老朋友的聯(lián)系情況，但意思相反，所以其一很可能為正確答案。對(duì)話中女士說道Ive been out of touch(失去聯(lián)系) with most of my old friend, only one or two drop me a line（寫封短信）occasionally（偶爾）。由此可推斷該女士has lost contact（聯(lián)系）with most of her old friends。故答案為D。12. M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your

18、house early next week. W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls. But Ill let you know tomorrow. Q: Who was the woman talking to? 【答案】A【解析】選項(xiàng)表明，該題考查的是職業(yè)，而且都是維修或者裝修方面的，所以聽音時(shí)要注意識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞。對(duì)話中提到的color, white for the window, yellow for the walls都表明和女士談話的是要給她刷油漆的工人

19、，故答案為A。make up ones mind意為“下決心，決定”。13. W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts. M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars. Have you inquired the apartment complex down the street? Q: What does the man sug

20、gest the woman do? 【答案】C【解析】選項(xiàng)表明，該題很可能考查的是某人找房子，租房子的事情。對(duì)話中女士想租一間每月房租低于500美元的房子，但男士說目前只有一間600美元的房子可以出租，他建議女士inquire the apartment complex（公寓） down the street，故答案為C。14. W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didnt you? What are they like? M: Oh, they are pretty like my other ones except with the lar

21、ger waist. I guess I hadnt spent much time exercising lately. Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man? 【答案】C【解析】該題各選項(xiàng)都講了關(guān)于he的一些細(xì)節(jié)，表面上意思不重疊，但通過仔細(xì)分析我們可能會(huì)推理到he買了一條牛仔褲。聽音時(shí)要注意各選項(xiàng)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。對(duì)話中女士問男士最近買的牛仔褲怎么樣？男士回答道they are pretty like my other ones except with the larger waist(除了腰肥一點(diǎn)，和我其他的褲子

22、沒什么兩樣)，I guess I hadnt spent much time exercising lately(我想我最近沒有花很多時(shí)間來鍛煉身體)。由此我們可以推斷，男士最近由于缺乏鍛煉而長(zhǎng)胖（gained some weight）了。故答案為C。15. W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday. What do you think? M: I guess its something I havent acquired a taste for yet? Q: What does the man imply? 【答案

23、】D【解析】選項(xiàng)表明，該題可能考查的是男士或者女士對(duì)（抽象）藝術(shù)的品味或感覺。對(duì)話中男士對(duì)抽象畫（abstract paintings）的感覺是its something he hasnt acquired a taste for yet(還沒有獲得欣賞抽象藝術(shù)的品味)，這是一種委婉的表達(dá)方式，他的真正含義是他doesnt like abstract paintings。故答案為D。16. W: You havent seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didnt leave it in the reading room. M: Did you c

24、heck that pile of journals youve borrowed from library the other day? Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman? 【答案】B【解析】該題選項(xiàng)A, B都是關(guān)于notebook的不同位置，故本題很可能考查的就是筆記本的位置問題。對(duì)話中男士向女士建議to check that pile of journals she has borrowed from library the other day(檢查一下她那天從圖書館借的一堆雜志)，故答案為B。17. M: How about j

25、oining me for a cup of coffee? W: Id love to, but Im exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class. Q: Why does the woman decline the mans invitation? 【答案】A【解析】選項(xiàng)A，D都是關(guān)于she的睡眠問題。聽音時(shí)要注意各選項(xiàng)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。對(duì)話中男士邀請(qǐng)女士喝杯咖啡（How about joining me for a cup of coffee）,女士回答道Id love to

26、, but Im exhausted(筋疲力盡). I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.故我們可以推斷女士是由于想睡覺而decline the mans invitation(拒絕邀請(qǐng))。故答案為A。 18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didnt you? How did it go? M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales

27、manager job. And finally it was down to 3 of us, but the other two seemed better qualified. Q: What does the man imply? 【答案】B【解析】選項(xiàng)表明，該題考查的是he工作面試的情況。對(duì)話中女士問男士工作面試進(jìn)行的怎么樣（How did it go?）。男士回答道,最后有三個(gè)人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)銷售經(jīng)理（sales manager）這個(gè)職位，但是the other two seemed better qualified(更稱職)。由此我們可知，男士暗示的是his chance of getti

28、ng the job is slim(他獲得這個(gè)職位的機(jī)會(huì)很小)。故答案為B。Long Conversation OneF: Simon, how does it feel to be retired?M: Well, not so bad.F: How have you been spending your time?M: I have been spending more time with my family. Ive also traveled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels

29、cost less.F: Great.M: You know I havent stopped work completely.F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?M: Im on a scheme thats called phased retirement; I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.F: How does the scheme work?M:

30、Well, its a trial at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.F: What sort of works advertised?M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can

31、do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work. So I can manage my own time.F: I can see its good for you. What is your company get out of this?M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to c

32、ontact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the jobs over, thats it. Im not on their books any more.19. Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?20. How does Simon get to know about the companys available posts?21. Why does the company adopt the phased retirement sche

33、me?* 解題思路 19. 【答案】A【解析】通過預(yù)覽和分析該對(duì)話所有的備選項(xiàng),我們也許只能通過幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞personnel, staff, retired employees來猜測(cè)該題可能是關(guān)于員工或者退休員工的問題。題19的各選項(xiàng)表明，該題是關(guān)于he的工作或者生活情況。該問題是為什么Simon認(rèn)為自己的退休生活是enjoyable(令人愉快的)。對(duì)話中Simon提道，他退休后可以spend more time with his family,還可以travel a bit off season(在淡季) when everywhere is less crowded and hotels

34、cost less。由此可知，Simon是因?yàn)槟軌蜢`活地（flexibly）支配自己的時(shí)間而喜歡他的退休生活。故答案為A。20. 【答案】D【解析】選項(xiàng)表明，該題考查的是某人聯(lián)系工作的途徑。該問題為Simon如何得知該公司有空缺的職位（available posts）。對(duì)話中Simon提道the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access(有機(jī)會(huì)訪問，接近)。故答案為D。21. 【答案】D【解析】選項(xiàng)表明，該題可能考查的是公司采取某項(xiàng)措施的目的。該問題問該公司adop

35、t the phased retirement scheme（逐步的，分階段退休方案）的目的。對(duì)話中Simon提道，公司雇傭他這個(gè)退休人員是因?yàn)閔e still has all his old contacts at work（工作聯(lián)系）, so he knows who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility（靈活性，機(jī)動(dòng)性）。由此我們可推斷，公司是想利用退休工人資源（utilize its retired employees resources）。故答案為D。Long Conversation TwoW:

36、 Oh, where are we going?M: I want to show you something.W: I know, but what is it?M: A farm. Its just down this road. Its a small place, but at least it would be our own.W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm?M: It isnt very large, only 40 acres. We wouldnt have to pay very much right now.W: Is

37、there a house on the place?M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little. I can do the job myself.W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?M: There is about half an acre around the house. Thats plenty of space.W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables. And maybe keep

38、 a few chickens, couldnt we?M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?M: Well, it really isnt big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work.M: We are used to h

39、ard work, arent we?W: Yes, we are, but the money. Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.M: I think weve saved enough. We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too. 22. What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?23. What

40、 does the man say about the farm?24. Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?25. What is the womans greatest concern about the mans plan?* 解題思路 22. 【答案】C【解析】做對(duì)話聽力前我們通常要先預(yù)覽和分析該對(duì)話中所有的選項(xiàng)，我們可以通過題24的所有選項(xiàng)以及題23的選項(xiàng)D推斷該對(duì)話是關(guān)于一片土地的。題22的所有選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞原形短語，表示計(jì)劃做某事或者建議做某事。該問題為，說話者在進(jìn)行談話的時(shí)候正

41、要去做什么。對(duì)話一開始男士就要給女士看一樣?xùn)|西（show something）,a farm是男士花錢買來的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。故選項(xiàng)C最為恰當(dāng)。23. 【答案】B【解析】該題各選項(xiàng)都是關(guān)于it的一些細(xì)節(jié)問題，聽音時(shí)要注意細(xì)節(jié)的把握。該問題是：關(guān)于這塊地，男士都說了什么？對(duì)話中男士說Its a small place, and there are two bedrooms on the place。故選項(xiàng)B最為準(zhǔn)確。24. 【答案】C【解析】選項(xiàng)表明，該題考查的是關(guān)于在這塊土地上應(yīng)該種些什么農(nóng)作物的問題。對(duì)話中男士說道it really isnt big enough for corn. I thoug

42、ht we might try to raise a crop of potatoes. 故答案為C。25. 【答案】A【解析】在做這個(gè)題目之前，要弄清楚各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中單詞的含義。該問題是：關(guān)于男士的計(jì)劃，女士最關(guān)心的問題是什么？對(duì)話中男士建議種土豆，女士擔(dān)心要做a lot of work;男士說we are used to hard work(已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了辛苦的工作)；女士表示同意，但是還擔(dān)心錢（money）的問題。故答案為A。finance,資金，經(jīng)費(fèi)。Section B Passage One Members of the city council and distinguished gues

43、ts, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our citys police force. Hell address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you

44、 may not know that he also holds a masters degree in criminology and studied abroad a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program eight years ago. The idea behind the program is to get police office

45、rs out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often, that means hooki

46、ng people up with services offered by other city agencies such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today, Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now lets we

47、lcome Mr. Robert Washington.26. What is the purpose of the speakers remarks?27. What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington? 28. What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?29. How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be? * 解題思路 26. 【答案】A【解析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是to do不定式引導(dǎo)的目的狀語，因此可

48、猜測(cè)本題考查點(diǎn)可能是某個(gè)事件的目的，在聽音時(shí)要注意有關(guān)事件及表示目的的關(guān)鍵詞。本題實(shí)際問題是：說話者發(fā)言的目的是什么？文中第一句提到Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our citys police force.（市議會(huì)的成員和尊敬的嘉賓們，今天能向大家介紹羅伯特華盛頓先生，我們市警察局局長(zhǎng)，是我的榮幸。）因此答案為A。27. 【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞cit

49、y management, head, higher education abroad和masters degree可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是關(guān)于he的個(gè)人情況介紹，因此在聽音時(shí)需要注意辨別各選項(xiàng)是否符合原文或被提及。本題實(shí)際問題是：關(guān)于羅伯特華盛頓先生發(fā)言人談到了什么？文中提到However, you may not know that he also holds a masters degree in criminology（然而，你們可能不知道他還在犯罪學(xué)取得碩士學(xué)位，）因此答案為D。28. 【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞police departments，police officers

50、，residents，emergency和police可知本題與警察有關(guān)，又因?yàn)楦黜?xiàng)都是積極的結(jié)果，因此猜測(cè)談?wù)摰闹黝}可能是某個(gè)人或某項(xiàng)措施。本題實(shí)際問題是：社區(qū)治安項(xiàng)目的實(shí)質(zhì)是什么？文章提到The idea behind the program is to get police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.（社區(qū)治安項(xiàng)目的實(shí)質(zhì)是讓警

51、察走出警車深入鄰域，這樣他們就能和商人及當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裰苯诱務(wù)摮鞘械恼鎸?shí)動(dòng)態(tài)。）因此答案為B。29. 【答案】C【解析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是形容詞，因此可推測(cè)本題可能是評(píng)論某件事情或某個(gè)人。實(shí)際問題是：社區(qū)治安項(xiàng)目的最終結(jié)果是什么？文章結(jié)尾處提到And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.（項(xiàng)目似乎在起作用：犯罪減少了并且市民反映他們更具有安全感了。）因此答案為C。Passage TwoThere are between 3,000 and 6,00

52、0 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we d

53、o learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process. For a long time, people thought that we learned language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot! Hot!” And the baby, when it s

54、tops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot! Hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Becaus

55、e young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible f

56、or us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language, but it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication br

57、eakdowns?31. What is Chomskys viewpoint on the ability to learn a language?32. What does Chomskys theory fail to explain according to the speaker?、* 解題思路 30 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中三次提到language, 及關(guān)鍵詞differ, numerous, vague, gaps猜測(cè)本題可能與不同語言的差異有關(guān)。本題實(shí)際問題是：為什么談話者認(rèn)為交流失敗很可能發(fā)生？文中開頭就提到There are between 3,000 and 6,000 public languages in the world, and we must add approxi