虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的含蓄條件句常見(jiàn)用法總結(jié)[古柏教學(xué)]

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的含蓄條件句常見(jiàn)用法 先看一道高考題： _ more attention，the trees could have grown better AGiven BTo give CGiving DHaving given （答案是A） 句中the trees could have grown better是一個(gè)表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。題中要求選擇的是如何表達(dá)假設(shè)條件的形式。如果我們把這個(gè)句子用另一種形式If they had been given more attention ，the trees could have grown better來(lái)表示，就不難理解了。很多情況下，在表示假設(shè)的虛

2、擬語(yǔ)氣中，有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件并不以條件從句的形式表達(dá)，而是通過(guò)上下文或句中內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，或用其它形式表達(dá)出來(lái)，我們稱之為含蓄條件句。 含蓄條件句主要通過(guò)名詞、連接詞、不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)及分句來(lái)暗示。這些表達(dá)形式在句中實(shí)際起著虛擬條件從句的作用。現(xiàn)分述如下： 一、介詞短語(yǔ) 常用來(lái)表示虛擬條件的介詞有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它們表示的虛擬條件都可以被if從句替換。 （1）without，with without表示否定的條件，意為ifnot；with與without意義相反，表示肯定的條件。如： Without air，there would

3、be no living things（without air if there were no air）沒(méi)有空氣，便沒(méi)有生物。 With her help（If I had her help），I would do the experiment well假如有她幫助，我就可以把這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed（underIf there had been the leadership of a less experienced

4、person）假設(shè)在一個(gè)缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)會(huì)失敗。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position（in that position if I had been in that position）我處在那種情況下，是會(huì)喪失理智的。 （4）but for But for their help（If it were not for their help），we could not get over the difficulties要不是他們的幫助，我們是克服不了這些困難的。 二、連接詞or ，otherwise，but，but th

5、at等等 Im really busy，otherwise（if I werent so busy），I would certainly go with you我確實(shí)太忙了。不然的話，我一定和你一塊去。 But that I saw it（If I had not seen it），I could not have believed it要不是親眼看見(jiàn)的話，我是不會(huì)相信的。 三、分詞短語(yǔ) United（If they had been united），they wouldnt have been defeated他們要是團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，就不會(huì)被打敗。 Seen from a high mountai

6、n（If it were seen from a high mountain），the field in which wheat is growing would look like a great green sea倘若從高山上看，麥田就像一片碧綠的大海。 四、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ) It would be only partly right to answer in this way（if we answered in this way）如果這樣回答，只對(duì)一部分。 To hear him speak English（If one were to hear him speak English），on

7、e would think him an Englishman要是聽(tīng)他講起英語(yǔ)來(lái)，人們會(huì)認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)英國(guó)人。 五、形容詞或其比較級(jí)的形式 A less difficult problem would have already been solved（If the problem had been less difficult，it would have already been solved）要是問(wèn)題不那么難的話，它早就被解決了。 An honest man would not do such a thing（If he were an honest man，he would not do s

8、uch a thing）誠(chéng)實(shí)的人是不會(huì)做這種事的。 六、名詞 An honest man would not say this（If the man were honest，he wouldnt say this）一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人，就不會(huì)說(shuō)這種話。 Who but a fool（If one were a fool，one）would believe his words除了傻瓜，誰(shuí)會(huì)相信他的話！ 七、名詞and的結(jié)構(gòu) One step further and you would be dead（If you took one step further，you would be dead）再往前走一步，你就會(huì)死。 八、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或由with引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) All things considered（If all things were considered），the price would be reasonable如果全面考慮起來(lái)，價(jià)格可能是合理的。 九、定語(yǔ)從句 A nation whic