電力拖動控制線路與技能訓練（第四版）：第二單元 課題六三相異步電動機的制動控制線路

1、課題六 三相異步電動機的制動控制線路,所謂制動，就是給電動機一個與 轉(zhuǎn)動方向相反的轉(zhuǎn)矩使它迅速停轉(zhuǎn) （或限制其轉(zhuǎn)速）。制動的方法一般 有兩類：機械制動和電力制動,一、 機械制動 當電動機的定子繞組斷電后，利 用機械裝置使電動機立即停轉(zhuǎn),電磁抱閘制動器,MZD1系列交流單相制動電磁鐵 TJ2系列閘瓦制動器,1線圈 2銜鐵 3鐵心 4彈簧 5閘輪 6杠桿 7閘瓦 8軸,電磁抱閘制動器結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖,電磁抱閘制動器工作原理示意圖,1彈簧 2銜鐵 3線圈 4鐵心 5閘輪 6閘瓦 7杠桿,電源,TJ2系列閘瓦制動器與MZD1系列交流制動電磁鐵的配用表,例： MZD1-100 MZD1-200,電磁鐵和制動器

2、的型號,電磁鐵和制動器的型號,例： TJ2-100 TJ2-200/100,電磁抱閘斷電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KH,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,KH,M 3,電磁抱閘斷電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,合上電源開關(guān)QS,KH,KH,M 3,電磁抱閘斷電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,按下SB2 KM線圈得電,KH,KH,M 3,電磁抱閘斷電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,KM1自鎖觸

3、頭閉合,自鎖，松開SB2 電磁抱閘線圈YB得電，使抱閘的閘瓦與閘輪分開 KM1主觸頭閉合,電動機起動運行,KH,KH,M 3,電磁抱閘斷電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,停: 按SB1，接觸器KM失電釋放 電磁抱閘線圈YB也失電，在彈簧的作用下，閘瓦與閘輪緊緊抱住,KH,KH,M 3,電磁抱閘通電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KH,SB1,SB2,KM1,YB,QS,KM1,KH,M 3,KM2,KM2,KM1,電路組成分析,電磁抱閘通電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM

4、1,KM2,KM1,合上電源開關(guān)QS,KM2,KH,KH,M 3,FU2,YB,KM2,電磁抱閘通電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,按下SB1 KM1線圈得電,KM2,KH,KH,M 3,FU2,YB,KM2,電磁抱閘通電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM1自鎖觸頭閉合,自鎖，松開SB1 KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭斷開，KM1主觸頭閉合 電動機起動運行 電磁抱閘線圈YB不得電,KM2,KH,KH,M 3,YB,KM2,FU2,電磁抱閘通電制動控制線路,L1L2L3,FU1,

5、KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,停： 按下SB2 KM1線圈失電釋放 KM2線圈得電， KM2主觸頭閉合 電磁抱閘線圈YB得電，使閘瓦與閘輪緊緊抱住,KH,KH,M 3,YB,FU2,二、電力制動 電動機產(chǎn)生一個和電動機實際旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相反的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩，使電動機迅速停轉(zhuǎn),一）反接制動 .反接制動原理 在停車時，把電動機反接，則其定子旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場便反向旋轉(zhuǎn)，在轉(zhuǎn)子上產(chǎn)生的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩亦隨之變?yōu)榉聪颍蔀橹苿愚D(zhuǎn)矩,單向啟動反接制動控制,M 3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KH,QS,KM1,n,KS,K

6、M2,KS,單向啟動反接制動控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,合上電源 開關(guān)QS,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KM1,KM2,單向啟動反接制動控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,按下SB1 KM1線圈得電,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,單向啟動反接制動控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KS,KM2,KS,KM1自鎖觸頭閉合,自鎖，松開SB1 KM1主觸頭閉合,電

7、動機起動，運行 在轉(zhuǎn)速高到一定值時，KS閉合,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,單向啟動反接制動控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,停： 按下SB2 KM1失電釋放 KM2線圈得電，KM2主觸頭閉合，電動機串聯(lián)電阻反接，反接制動 KM2自鎖觸頭閉合,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KS,單向啟動反接制動控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,停： 松開SB2 繼續(xù)反接制動,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KS,單向啟動反接制動控制,L1L

8、2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,n,KM2,KS,當轉(zhuǎn)速降低到一定值時，KS斷開 KM2線圈失電，各觸頭復位,M 3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KM1,KS,二）能耗制動 電動機切斷交流電源后，立即在定子線組的任意兩相中通入直流電，利用轉(zhuǎn)子感應電流受靜止磁場的作用以達到制動目的,M 3,L1L2L3,KM1,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KH,KM1,KT,KM2,V,U,W,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,單向啟動能耗制動自動控制線路,KM2,電路組成分析,定子繞組直流電通路,KM2,V,KM2,L3,N,V,定子繞組

9、直流電通路,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,合上電源開關(guān)QS 按下SB1 KM1線圈得電,單向啟動能耗制動自動控制線路,KM2,V,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM1自鎖觸頭閉合 KM1主觸頭閉合 KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷,單向啟動能耗制動自動控制線路,KM2,V,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2

10、,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,按下SB2 KM1線圈失電 KM1自鎖觸頭分斷 KM1主觸頭分斷 KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭閉合 KM2線圈得電 KT線圈得電,單向啟動能耗制動自動控制線路,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM2自鎖觸頭閉合 KM2主觸頭分斷閉合 電動機半波能耗制動 KM2聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷 KT瞬時閉合觸頭閉合 松開SB2,單向啟動能耗制動自動控制線路,V,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1

11、,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KT延時斷開觸頭延時分斷 KM2線圈失電 KT線圈失電 各觸頭復位,單向啟動能耗制動自動控制線路,M 3,KH,KH,V,U,W,FU2,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,M 3,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,KH,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動控制線路,電路組成分析,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1

12、L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動控制線路,合上電源開關(guān)QS 按下SB1 KM1線圈得電,KH,M 3,KH,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動控制線路,KM1自鎖觸頭閉合 KM1主觸頭閉合 KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷 松開SB1,KH,M 3,KH,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,F

13、U1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動控制線路,按下SB1 KM1線圈失電 KM1自鎖觸頭分斷 KM1主觸頭分斷 KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭閉合 KM2線圈得電 KT線圈得電,KH,M 3,KH,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動控制線路,KM2自鎖觸頭閉合 KM2主觸頭分斷閉合 電動機半波能耗制動 KM2聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷 KT瞬時閉合觸頭閉合 松開SB1,KH,M 3,KH,F

14、U2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動控制線路,KT延時斷開觸頭延時分斷 KM2線圈失電 KT線圈失電 各觸頭復位,KH,M 3,KH,三）電容制動,當電動機切斷交流電源后，立即在電 動機定子繞組的出線端接入電容器來迫使 電動機迅速停轉(zhuǎn)的方法叫電容制動,電容制動原理,當旋轉(zhuǎn)著的電動機斷開交流電源時，轉(zhuǎn)子內(nèi)仍 有剩磁。隨著轉(zhuǎn)子的慣性轉(zhuǎn)動，形成一個隨轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn) 動的旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場。該磁場切割定子繞組產(chǎn)生感生電動 勢，并通過電容器回路形成感生電流

15、，這個電流產(chǎn) 生的磁場與轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中的感生電流相互作用，產(chǎn)生 一個與旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相反的制動力矩，使電動機受制動 迅速停轉(zhuǎn),電容制動,M 3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KH,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,KH,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,電路組成分析,KT,KT,KM2,合上電源開關(guān)QS 按下SB KM1線圈得電,電容制動,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,KT,KT,KM2,M 3,KH,KH,電容制動,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,KT,KT,KM2,KM1自鎖觸頭閉合 KM1主觸頭閉合 KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷 KM1輔助觸頭閉合 KT線圈得電 KT瞬時閉合延時斷開觸頭閉合 松開SB1,M 3,KH,KH,電容制動,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,按下SB2 KM1線圈失電 KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭閉合 KM2線圈得電 KM2主觸頭閉合 KM2聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷 電容制動開始,KT,KT,KM2,