《惡魔城蒼月十字架》全攻略

1、2012年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試?yán)砉ゎ愅晷吞羁招略鑫恼拢ㄒ唬┛疾橹攸c(diǎn)1、詞匯題：1）名詞同義詞或反義詞辨析，拼寫和語(yǔ)義相似的名詞的辨析，以及詞語(yǔ)搭配； 2）動(dòng)詞慣用搭配，時(shí)態(tài)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣；3）形容詞形容詞辨析，作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的形容詞，形容詞固定搭配，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；4）副詞方式，程度，頻度，地點(diǎn)副詞等；5）介詞單個(gè)介詞的使用和詞組搭配。2、固定搭配題：1）名詞短語(yǔ)搭配2）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)3）介詞短語(yǔ)搭配4）成語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)搭配5）篇章銜接搭配3、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)題：1）代詞（人稱，指示）、冠詞、介詞、連詞；2）時(shí)態(tài)：兩時(shí)兩體 + 將來的各種表達(dá)；3）語(yǔ)態(tài)：主被動(dòng)；4）語(yǔ)氣：虛擬；5）從句：定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句；6

2、）特殊句式：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、存在句等；7）非限定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)名詞。4、語(yǔ)篇題：1）理解段落和通篇文章的含義。上下文的語(yǔ)意銜接，時(shí)空順序，邏輯連接，觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度考察。2）文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。注意表達(dá)各種不同邏輯關(guān)系的連詞。常見邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進(jìn)、列舉、補(bǔ)充、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、條件、對(duì)比、結(jié)果、原因、目的等。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注（一）詞匯辨析1、形近詞辨析2、義近詞辨析（二）結(jié)構(gòu)辨析1、固定結(jié)構(gòu)辨析2、固定搭配辨析3、平行結(jié)構(gòu)辨析（三）語(yǔ)法辨析1、時(shí)態(tài)2、語(yǔ)態(tài)3、語(yǔ)氣4、句法（特殊句型、主謂一致、從句等）（四）利用上下文1、根據(jù)上下文選擇詞匯2、根據(jù)上下文選擇篇章邏輯關(guān)系（五）復(fù)指手段 1、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞

3、匯和結(jié)構(gòu)2、代詞的指代作用（六）排除技巧應(yīng)用1、通讀全文，抓住大意1) 做題前，至少先花2-3分鐘將短文仔細(xì)通讀一篇，必要時(shí)兩遍。2) 初步理清短文在結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容等方面的脈絡(luò)，了解短文的大意和句子與句子之間意思上的聯(lián)系，理解全文內(nèi)容。3) 同時(shí)對(duì)全文的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式，比如文章使用的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、措辭與口氣等方面得出大致印象，為順利找出“語(yǔ)境線索”，作出正確的選擇作好準(zhǔn)備。2、初選答案在閱讀全篇的基礎(chǔ)上，判斷每個(gè)空所缺的詞的語(yǔ)言形式，如詞類、搭配、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)；并判斷該詞應(yīng)具有的符合文章上下文的詞義。3、尋找語(yǔ)境線索1) 反復(fù)閱讀空白處前后若干句，結(jié)合可能性較大的選擇在短文中尋找語(yǔ)境線索。2) 每個(gè)選擇

4、項(xiàng)的確定有時(shí)需要二、三個(gè)（甚至更多的）“語(yǔ)境線索”才能最后確定正確的選擇項(xiàng)。3) 仔細(xì)琢磨各詞義之間的差異，尤其要注意，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容作出最合乎邏輯的正確判斷。4、尋找結(jié)構(gòu)線索1) 考查內(nèi)容主要包括句子中的功能結(jié)構(gòu)詞、固定搭配詞和句型結(jié)構(gòu)詞。2) 判斷選項(xiàng)是否符合該句或上下文要求，詞組搭配的要求，句型或者語(yǔ)法的要求，是否有提示詞的暗示。3) 固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，然后再過渡到考核語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義的題目。最后做全局性理解的題目，這類題目具有一定的難度。5、確定使用排除法1）可首先排除一眼就覺得錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，然后把精力放在較難進(jìn)行取舍的選項(xiàng)上。2）把每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都放回到原文分析，逐一

5、排除錯(cuò)誤答案和可能性較小的選項(xiàng)。3）具體答題的時(shí)候還需要注意詞性的選擇、詞組的搭配、句子之間的關(guān)系以及段落中的語(yǔ)意連貫等。6、篇章邏輯銜接，語(yǔ)意貫通：1）在確定選擇項(xiàng)時(shí)，一定要照顧空白處前后的“左鄰右舍”，上下文必須意思連貫。2）避免填進(jìn)的詞或詞組與上下文不合拍，不合邏輯，或自相矛盾，前后不能“自圓其說”。7、回頭補(bǔ)缺：1）確立所有選擇后，通讀短文一、二遍，檢查每個(gè)選項(xiàng)在整篇短文中是否合拍，內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，邏輯是否正確。2）萬(wàn)一有些選擇出現(xiàn)了意思上或邏輯上的一些問題，這說明這些選擇項(xiàng)有誤，必須根據(jù)上下文的意思重新選擇，一直到滿意為止。8、核實(shí)答案：“完形填空”分配的時(shí)間只有15分鐘，不能無限

6、制地花費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間，否則就得占用其他考試項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間。因此，抓緊時(shí)間，有條不紊地、一步一個(gè)腳印地選擇是至關(guān)重要的。最后確認(rèn)中心思想。2012年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試用書 理工A完形填空部分新增加的文章第十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells沒有太陽(yáng)能電池的太陽(yáng)能A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor

7、-based solar cells 半導(dǎo)體太陽(yáng)能電池.The researchers found a way to make an “optical 1 D battery , 光電池 said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the 2

8、B effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger

9、than 3 C previously expected. 4 A Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect. “This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation 吸入電荷分離,” Rand said. “In solar cells, the

10、5 A light goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load 熱負(fù)荷. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment. Intense magnetization can be induced 誘導(dǎo) by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a ca

11、pacitive power 6 C source . “What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of “optical rectification光學(xué)矯正的電光,” says William Fisher, a doctoral student in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification 光學(xué)矯正, lights electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 7 D apart of

12、 the positive and negative charges in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 8 B that in a battery. Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the lights magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through a 9 A

13、 material that does not 10 D conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter. Sunlight isnt this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said.In our most recent paper, we

14、show that incoherent light like sunlight is theoretically almost as 11 C effective in producing charge separation as laser light is, Fisher saidThis new 12 C technique could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficie

15、ncy in 13 A converting solar power to useable energy. Thats equivalent to todays commercial-grade solar cells. “To manufacture 14 B modern solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing,” Fisher said. “All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass wor

16、ks for 15 D both . Its already made in bulk, and it doesnt require as much processing. Transparent ceramics 陶瓷 might be even better.”2012年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試用書 理工B完形填空部分新增加的文章第十五篇 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage “液化”是日本地震破壞的關(guān)鍵The massive subduction zone俯沖帶earthquake in Japan caused a s

17、ignificant level of soil “l(fā)iquefaction”土壤液化 that has surprised researchers with its 1 D.widespread severity, a new analysis shows.“Weve seen localized小范圍的 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 C. extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott A

18、shford, a professor of geotechnical engineering 巖土工程 at Oregon State University俄勒岡州立大學(xué). “Entire structures were tilted 傾斜 and sinking into the sediments 沉淀物,” Ashford said. “The shifts 斷層 in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines 煤氣管道, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communit

19、ies need to 3 Afunction . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. Its a phenomenon in which soils soaked 浸滿 with water, particularly recent sediments 沉積 or sand, can lose much of their 4 B. strength and flow during

20、 an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 C. collapse .But most earthquakes are much 6 Ashorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage po

21、ssibly occurring in situations such as this.“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 C. how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt 傾斜 as the shaking continued for several more minutes, he said. And it was clear that younger sediments, and especial

22、ly areas built on 8 D.recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.”The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 B. phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical fo

23、r the team to collect the information quickly, 10 D. before damage was removed in the recovery efforts 重建工作.“Theres no doubt that well learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11 C. events ,” Ashford said. “Future construction in some places may mak

24、e more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction 壓緊 to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.“Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction - on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.

25、 The young sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 B. deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 13 Anear a river and old flood plains is a suspect 被懷疑對(duì)象, and th

26、e Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 14percent of them have been reinforced to 14 Aprevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 D. stan

27、dards helped prevent many buildings from collapse - even as they tilted and sank into the ground.2012年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試 理工類完型填空新增文章（二）考查重點(diǎn)1、詞匯題：1）名詞同義詞或反義詞辨析，拼寫和語(yǔ)義相似的名詞的辨析，以及詞語(yǔ)搭配； 2）動(dòng)詞慣用搭配，時(shí)態(tài)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣；3）形容詞形容詞辨析，作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的形容詞，形容詞固定搭配，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；4）副詞方式，程度，頻度，地點(diǎn)副詞等；5）介詞單個(gè)介詞的使用和詞組搭配。2、固定搭配題：1）名詞短語(yǔ)搭配2）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)3）介詞短語(yǔ)搭配4）成語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)

28、搭配5）篇章銜接搭配3、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)題：1）代詞（人稱，指示）、冠詞、介詞、連詞；2）時(shí)態(tài)：兩時(shí)兩體 + 將來的各種表達(dá)；3）語(yǔ)態(tài)：主被動(dòng)；4）語(yǔ)氣：虛擬；5）從句：定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句；6）特殊句式：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、存在句等；7）非限定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)名詞。4、語(yǔ)篇題：1）理解段落和通篇文章的含義。上下文的語(yǔ)意銜接，時(shí)空順序，邏輯連接，觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度考察。2）文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。注意表達(dá)各種不同邏輯關(guān)系的連詞。常見邏輯關(guān)系：并列、遞進(jìn)、列舉、補(bǔ)充、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、條件、對(duì)比、結(jié)果、原因、目的等。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注（一）詞匯辨析1、形近詞辨析2、義近詞辨析（二）結(jié)構(gòu)辨析1、固定結(jié)構(gòu)辨析2、固定搭配

29、辨析3、平行結(jié)構(gòu)辨析（三）語(yǔ)法辨析1、時(shí)態(tài)2、語(yǔ)態(tài)3、語(yǔ)氣4、句法（特殊句型、主謂一致、從句等）（四）利用上下文1、根據(jù)上下文選擇詞匯2、根據(jù)上下文選擇篇章邏輯關(guān)系（五）復(fù)指手段 1、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)2、代詞的指代作用（六）排除技巧應(yīng)用1、通讀全文，抓住大意1) 做題前，至少先花2-3分鐘將短文仔細(xì)通讀一篇，必要時(shí)兩遍。2) 初步理清短文在結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容等方面的脈絡(luò)，了解短文的大意和句子與句子之間意思上的聯(lián)系，理解全文內(nèi)容。3) 同時(shí)對(duì)全文的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式，比如文章使用的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、措辭與口氣等方面得出大致印象，為順利找出“語(yǔ)境線索”，作出正確的選擇作好準(zhǔn)備。2、初選答案在閱讀全篇的基礎(chǔ)上，判斷

30、每個(gè)空所缺的詞的語(yǔ)言形式，如詞類、搭配、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)；并判斷該詞應(yīng)具有的符合文章上下文的詞義。3、尋找語(yǔ)境線索1) 反復(fù)閱讀空白處前后若干句，結(jié)合可能性較大的選擇在短文中尋找語(yǔ)境線索。2) 每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)的確定有時(shí)需要二、三個(gè)（甚至更多的）“語(yǔ)境線索”才能最后確定正確的選擇項(xiàng)。3) 仔細(xì)琢磨各詞義之間的差異，尤其要注意，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容作出最合乎邏輯的正確判斷。4、尋找結(jié)構(gòu)線索1) 考查內(nèi)容主要包括句子中的功能結(jié)構(gòu)詞、固定搭配詞和句型結(jié)構(gòu)詞。2) 判斷選項(xiàng)是否符合該句或上下文要求，詞組搭配的要求，句型或者語(yǔ)法的要求，是否有提示詞的暗示。3) 固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，然后再過渡到考核語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和根據(jù)上

31、下文選擇詞義的題目。最后做全局性理解的題目，這類題目具有一定的難度。5、確定使用排除法1）可首先排除一眼就覺得錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，然后把精力放在較難進(jìn)行取舍的選項(xiàng)上。2）把每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都放回到原文分析，逐一排除錯(cuò)誤答案和可能性較小的選項(xiàng)。3）具體答題的時(shí)候還需要注意詞性的選擇、詞組的搭配、句子之間的關(guān)系以及段落中的語(yǔ)意連貫等。6、篇章邏輯銜接，語(yǔ)意貫通：1）在確定選擇項(xiàng)時(shí)，一定要照顧空白處前后的“左鄰右舍”，上下文必須意思連貫。2）避免填進(jìn)的詞或詞組與上下文不合拍，不合邏輯，或自相矛盾，前后不能“自圓其說”。7、回頭補(bǔ)缺：1）確立所有選擇后，通讀短文一、二遍，檢查每個(gè)選項(xiàng)在整篇短文中是否合拍，內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)是

32、否完整，邏輯是否正確。2）萬(wàn)一有些選擇出現(xiàn)了意思上或邏輯上的一些問題，這說明這些選擇項(xiàng)有誤，必須根據(jù)上下文的意思重新選擇，一直到滿意為止。8、核實(shí)答案：“完形填空”分配的時(shí)間只有15分鐘，不能無限制地花費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間，否則就得占用其他考試項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間。因此，抓緊時(shí)間，有條不紊地、一步一個(gè)腳印地選擇是至關(guān)重要的。最后確認(rèn)中心思想。2012年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試用書 理工B完形填空部分新增加的文章第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities氣候變化給不備城市帶來重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)A new examination of urban policie

33、s has been 1 C carried out recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 D urban developmentShe warns that many of the worlds fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries，will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate Her work als

34、o concludes that most cities are failing to 3 A reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 B gases . These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.“Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. “But too few

35、cities are developing effective strategies to 5 C protect their residents.”Cities are 6 D major sources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vuln

36、erable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 D benefitsThe locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8 A threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonge

37、d hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9 B heavily paved cities more than surrounding areasThe impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environmentFor example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，cau

38、sing widespread health problemsPoorer neighborhoods that may 10 C lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disastersMany residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 A without access to reliable drinking water，

39、roads and basic services. Local governments, 12 B therefore , should take measures to protect their residents. “Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 D rather than meaningful responses,” Romero Lankao writes. “They dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air co

40、nditioning needs. They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 B automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 A idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.2012年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)

41、考試用書 理工B完形填空部分新增加的文章第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk快餐加免費(fèi)降膽固醇藥物可以降低罹患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Fast food outlets could provide statin 降膽固醇藥物 drugs free of 1 B charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2 C suggest in a n

42、ew studyStatins reduce the 3 B amount of unhealthy “LDL” cholesterol 低密度脂蛋白膽固醇 in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack 4 D risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology美國(guó)心臟病學(xué)雜志，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues

43、calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 B enough to offset 抵消the increase in heart attack risk from 6 C eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshakeDr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the st

44、udy, said: “Statins dont cut out all of the 7 A unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French friesIts better to avoid fatty food altogetherBut weve worked out that in terms of your 8 D possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 A degree as

45、a fast food meal increases it.” “Its ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments 調(diào)味品 in fast food outlets as they 10 D like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the un

46、healthy condiments調(diào)味品 that are 11 B provided free of chargeIt would cost less than 5 pence per 12 C customer - not much different to a sachet小包 of sugar.” Dr Francis saidWhen people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take 13 A measures that lower their risk, lik

47、e 14 B wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 15 C lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal2012年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試 理工類完型填空新增文章（三）考查重點(diǎn)1、詞匯題：1）名詞同義詞或反義詞辨析，拼寫和語(yǔ)義相似的名詞的辨析，以及詞語(yǔ)搭配； 2）動(dòng)詞慣用搭配，時(shí)態(tài)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣；3）形容詞形容詞辨析，作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的形容詞，形容詞固定搭配，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；4）副詞方式，程度，頻度，地點(diǎn)副詞

48、等；5）介詞單個(gè)介詞的使用和詞組搭配。2、固定搭配題：1）名詞短語(yǔ)搭配2）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)3）介詞短語(yǔ)搭配4）成語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)搭配5）篇章銜接搭配3、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)題：1）代詞（人稱，指示）、冠詞、介詞、連詞；2）時(shí)態(tài)：兩時(shí)兩體 + 將來的各種表達(dá)；兩時(shí)：過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在時(shí)；兩體：完成體、進(jìn)行體3）語(yǔ)態(tài)：主被動(dòng)；4）語(yǔ)氣：虛擬；5）從句：定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句；6）特殊句式：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、存在句等；7）非限定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)名詞。4、語(yǔ)篇題：1）理解段落和通篇文章的含義。上下文的語(yǔ)意銜接，時(shí)空順序，邏輯連接，觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度考察。2）文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。注意表達(dá)各種不同邏輯關(guān)系的連詞。常見邏輯關(guān)系：并列

49、、遞進(jìn)、列舉、補(bǔ)充、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、條件、對(duì)比、結(jié)果、原因、目的等。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注（一）詞匯辨析1、形近詞辨析2、義近詞辨析（二）結(jié)構(gòu)辨析1、固定結(jié)構(gòu)辨析2、固定搭配辨析3、平行結(jié)構(gòu)辨析（三）語(yǔ)法辨析1、時(shí)態(tài)2、語(yǔ)態(tài)3、語(yǔ)氣4、句法（特殊句型、主謂一致、從句等）（四）利用上下文1、根據(jù)上下文選擇詞匯2、根據(jù)上下文選擇篇章邏輯關(guān)系(五）復(fù)指手段 1、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)2、代詞的指代作用（六）排除技巧應(yīng)用1、通讀全文，抓住大意1) 做題前，至少先花2-3分鐘將短文仔細(xì)通讀一篇，必要時(shí)兩遍。2) 初步理清短文在結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容等方面的脈絡(luò)，了解短文的大意和句子與句子之間意思上的聯(lián)系，理解全文內(nèi)容。3) 同時(shí)對(duì)全文

50、的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式，比如文章使用的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、措辭與口氣等方面得出大致印象，為順利找出“語(yǔ)境線索”，作出正確的選擇作好準(zhǔn)備。2、初選答案在閱讀全篇的基礎(chǔ)上，判斷每個(gè)空所缺的詞的語(yǔ)言形式，如詞類、搭配、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)；并判斷該詞應(yīng)具有的符合文章上下文的詞義。3、尋找語(yǔ)境線索1) 反復(fù)閱讀空白處前后若干句，結(jié)合可能性較大的選擇在短文中尋找語(yǔ)境線索。2) 每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)的確定有時(shí)需要二、三個(gè)（甚至更多的）“語(yǔ)境線索”才能最后確定正確的選擇項(xiàng)。3) 仔細(xì)琢磨各詞義之間的差異，尤其要注意，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容作出最合乎邏輯的正確判斷。4、尋找結(jié)構(gòu)線索1) 考查內(nèi)容主要包括句子中的功能結(jié)構(gòu)詞、固定搭配詞和句型結(jié)構(gòu)詞。2)

51、判斷選項(xiàng)是否符合該句或上下文要求，詞組搭配的要求，句型或者語(yǔ)法的要求，是否有提示詞的暗示。3) 固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，然后再過渡到考核語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義的題目。最后做全局性理解的題目，這類題目具有一定的難度。5、確定使用排除法1）可首先排除一眼就覺得錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，然后把精力放在較難進(jìn)行取舍的選項(xiàng)上。2）把每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都放回到原文分析，逐一排除錯(cuò)誤答案和可能性較小的選項(xiàng)。3）具體答題的時(shí)候還需要注意詞性的選擇、詞組的搭配、句子之間的關(guān)系以及段落中的語(yǔ)意連貫等。6、篇章邏輯銜接，語(yǔ)意貫通：1）在確定選擇項(xiàng)時(shí)，一定要照顧空白處前后的“左鄰右舍”，上下文必須意思連貫。2）避免填進(jìn)的詞或詞組

52、與上下文不合拍，不合邏輯，或自相矛盾，前后不能“自圓其說”。7、回頭補(bǔ)缺：1）確立所有選擇后，通讀短文一、二遍，檢查每個(gè)選項(xiàng)在整篇短文中是否合拍，內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，邏輯是否正確。2）萬(wàn)一有些選擇出現(xiàn)了意思上或邏輯上的一些問題，這說明這些選擇項(xiàng)有誤，必須根據(jù)上下文的意思重新選擇，一直到滿意為止。8、核實(shí)答案：“完形填空”分配的時(shí)間只有15分鐘，不能無限制地花費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間，否則就得占用其他考試項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間。因此，抓緊時(shí)間，有條不紊地、一步一個(gè)腳印地選擇是至關(guān)重要的。最后確認(rèn)中心思想。2012年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試用書 理工C完形填空部分新增加的文章第三篇Germs on Banknotes紙幣上的病菌People in different countries use different types of (1) B money: yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use (2) A different currencies, but t