1998年全國(guó)考研英語(yǔ)試題

1、姓名：_ 班級(jí)：_ 學(xué)號(hào)：_-密-封 -線- 1998年全國(guó)考研英語(yǔ)試題考試時(shí)間：120分鐘 考試總分：100分題號(hào)一二三四五總分分?jǐn)?shù)遵守考場(chǎng)紀(jì)律，維護(hù)知識(shí)尊嚴(yán)，杜絕違紀(jì)行為，確?？荚嚱Y(jié)果公正。part one:l . anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery _ just around the corner was untrue.awould be bto be cwas dbeing2. smoking is so harmful t

2、o personal health that it kills _ people each year than automo- bile accidents.aseven more times bseven times more cover seven times dseven times 3. it s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes _ place in our ever-changing world.a taking bto take

3、 ctake dtaken4. this is an exciting area of study, and one _ which new applications are being discov- ered almost daily.a from bby c in d through5 . _ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition

4、.aas bwhat cthat d it6. although i had been invited to the opening ceremony , i was unable to attend _ such short notice.ato bin cwith don7. california has more light than it knows _ to do with but everything else is expensive.a how b what c which d where8. the solution works only for couples who ar

5、e self-employed, don t have small children and get along _ to spend most of their time together.aso well btoo well cwell as dwell enough9. marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about _ compliments to his political leaders .apaying bhaving paid cto pay d to have paid10. these propo

6、sals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital informa- tion than _ in traditional media. aexist bexists cexisting dto exist11. your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examinationahad you gone and explained that your parents had been ill at the ti

7、me.b c d12. as the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family fi-a b cnancial security will shift from protection to save for the retirement years.d13. were the times co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that itacould dramatically transfor

8、m a family-ran enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenuesb c dfrom newspapers .14. symposium talks will cover a wide range of subjects from overfishing to physical anda benvironment factors that affect the populations of different species.c d15 . convenation calls for a willingness to alternate

9、the role of speaker with one of listener , anda b cit calls for occasional digestive pauses by both.d16. if two theories are equal to their ability to account for a body of data, the theory thata bdoes so with the smaller nomber of assumptions is to be preferred.c d17. the committee adopted a resolu

10、tion requiring the seven automakers selling the most cars ina bthe state making 2 percent of those vehicles emissions-free by 1998.c d18. as long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people, who ina bgeneral are lighter skin, there s going to be a constant racial c

11、onflict in the world.c d19 . all those left undone may sound greatly in theory, but even the trust believer has great dif-a b cficulty when it comes to specifics.d20 . even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels, the carsa b cwon t catch on in a big way when driv

12、ers can fill them up at the gas station.d21 . an important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _ further research and fur-ther thinking about a particular topic. a stimulate b renovate c arouse d advocate22 . although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number o

13、f important practi-cal _. a obligations b regulations c observations d considerations23 . life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss _ the bread-winner sdeath .aat the cost of bon the verge of cas a result of dfor the sake of24. in education there should be a good _ among the

14、 branches of knowledge that con-tribute to effective thinking and wise judgment . a distribution b balance c combination d assignment25 . the american dream is most _ during the periods of productivity and wealth generat-ed by american capitalism.a plausible b patriotic c primitive d partial26 . pov

15、erty is not _ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions incertain areas, it is more visible there. a rare b temporary c prevalent d segmental27. people who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in _ popu- lated areas.a densely b intensely c abundantl

16、y d highly28. as a way of _ the mails while they were away, the johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.apicking up bcoping with cpassing out dgetting across29 . tom s mother tried hard to persuade him to _ from his intention to invest hi

17、s savings in stock market .apull out bgive up cdraw in dback down30. an increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical _ , will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology. a interference b interruption c intervention d interaction31 . these causes pro

18、duced the great change in the country that modernized the _ of high- er education from the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s. a branch bcategory t c domain d scope32 . nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the _ in the financial system will drag down the economy. a shallowness b shakiness c scantines

19、s d stiffness33 . crisis would be the right term to describe the _ in many animal species. . a minimization b restriction c descent d decline34 . the city is an important railroad _ and industrial and convention center.a conjunction b network cjunction d link35. prof. white, my respected tutor, freq

20、uently reminds me to _ myself of every chance to improve my english. a assure b inform c avail d notify36. researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that _ disease resistance in neighboring plants. a. contracts b activates c maintains d prescribe37 . corporations and la

21、bor unions have _ great benefits upon their employees and mem- bers as well as upon the general pubtic.a conferred bgranted c flung d submitted38. the movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which was _ from one new moon to the next. a measured b reckoned cjudged d assessed39.

22、the judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was _ to the issue at hand. a irrational b unreasonable c invalid d irrelevant40. fuel scarcities and price increases _ automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars an

23、d trucks. a persuaded b prompted c imposed d enlightened part two: cloze testindustrial safety does not just happen.companies _41_ low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them,and continue working to keep them 42 and active. when the work is well done, a 43 of accident-f

24、ree operations is established _44_ time lost due to injuriesis kept at a minimum.successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. others stress safe work practices by _46_ rules or regulations._47_ o

25、thers depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. but, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every progr8m if maximum results are to be obtained.there can be no question about the value of a safety program. from a financial stand-point alone, safety _48_. the fewer the injury 49,the be

26、tter the workmans insurance rate. this may mean the diff-erence between operating at _50_or at a loss.41. aat bin con dwith42. aalive bvivid cmobile d diverse43. aregulation bclimate ccircumstance drequirement44. awhere bhow cwhat dunless45. aalter bdiffer c shift d distinguish46. a constituting b a

27、ggravating cobserving djustifying47. asome bmany ceven dstill48. acomes off bturns up cpays off dholds up49. aclaims breports c declarations d proclamations50. aan advantage ba benefit can interest da profitpart three: passage lits a rough world out there. step outside and you could break a leg slip

28、ping on your door- mat. light up the stove and you could burn down the house. luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. orso the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies li

29、able for their customers misfortunes.feeling threatened , companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn , among other things, that you might-surprise! -fall off. the label on a ch

30、ild s batman capecautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly. “while warnings are often appropriate and necessary-the dangers of drug interactions, for example-and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from li

31、ability if a customer is injured. about 50 percent ofthe companies lose when injured customers take them to court.now the tide appears to be turning. as personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wo

32、uldnt have changed anything. in may , julie nimmons, president of schutt sports in illinois,successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wear- ing a schutt helmet. “we re really sorry he has become paralyzed , but helmets aren t designed to prevent thos

33、e kinds of injuries , “ says nimmons. the jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. at the same time, the american law insti- tute-a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight-issued new guidelines for

34、 tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of ob-vious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “ important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities, “ says a law professor at cornell law school who helped draft the new guidelines. if the moderate end of

35、 the legal community has its way, the information on prod- ucts might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal lia- bility. .51 . what were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?a customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.b in

36、jured customers could expect protection from the legal system.ccompanies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.djuries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52. manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to_asatisfy customers by writing long warnings on produc

37、tsbbecome honest in describing the inadequacies of their productscmake the best use of labels to avoid legal liabilitydfeel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern53. the case of schutt helmet demonstrated that_asome injury claims were no longer supported by lawbhelmets were not desi

38、gned to prevent injuriescproduct labels would eventually be discardeddsome sports games might lose popularity with athletes54. the author s attitude towards the issue seems to be_a biased b indifferent c puzzling dobjectivepassage 2in the first year or so of web business, most of the action has revo

39、lved around efforts to tap the consumer market. more recently, as the web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. such business-to-businesssales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product theyre looking for.n

40、onetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the web because of doubts about its relia- bility. “businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier, “ says senior analyst blane erwin of forrester research. some companies are limiting the risk by con-ducting online t

41、ransactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company s private internet .another major shift in the model for internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. until recently, internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” cus-

42、tomers into sites. in the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers , transmitting marketing messages di- rectly to targeted customers. most notably, the pointcast network uses a screen saver to deliver a continua

43、liy updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. sub- scribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company s web site. companies such as virtual vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to cust

44、omers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. but push tech- nology has earned the contempt of many web users. online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen

45、 uninvited, the distinction between the web and television fades. thats a prospect that horrifies net purists.but it is hardly inevitable that companies on the web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. the examples of virtual vineyards, a, and other pioneers show that a web

46、site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and se-curity will attract online customers. and the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. people looking back 5 or 10 years from no

47、w may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.55 . we learn from the beginning of the passage that web business_a has been striving to expand its marketbintended to follow a fanciful fashionctried but in vain to control the marketdhas been booming for one year or so56. speaking of th

48、e online technology available for marketing, the author implies that_a the technology is popular with many web usersbbusinesses have faith in the reliability of online transactionscthere is a radical change in strategyd it is accessible limitedly to established partners57. in the view of net purists

49、,_athere should be no marketing messages in online culture bmoney making should be given priority to on the webcthe web should be able to function as the television setd there should be no online commercial information without requests58. we learn from the last paragraph that _apushing information o

50、n the web is essential to internet commerce b interactivity , hospitality and security are important to online customers cleading companies began to take the online plunge decades agodsetting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power passage 3an invisible border divides those

51、 arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of stu- dents career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-in-deed, contradiction-which goes to the heart of wh

52、at is wrong with the campaign to put comput- ers in the classroom.an education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, jus- tified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. it is not simply to raise everyone s job prospe

53、cts that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. rather, we have a certain conception of the american citizen, a character who is in- complete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. but this was not alw

54、ays the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. with optimism characteristic of all industrialized coun- tries , we came to accept that everyone is

55、fit to be educated. computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. banking on theconfusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, com- puter-ed advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achieve- ment .there are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student.many european schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in