完整虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法表格歸納圖

1、狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法三點(diǎn)：表示于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句從句（條件）If+ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞的過去式 （ be 用were）If I had time, I would attendthemeeting.主句（目的）主 語(yǔ) +would(should could might)+ 動(dòng)詞原型表示與過去事實(shí)相反的擬條件句表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句主從句時(shí)間不一致的情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣含蓄條件句If+ 主語(yǔ) +had+ 動(dòng)詞的過去分主 語(yǔ) +would （ shouldcould詞might ） +have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞If he had hurrie

2、d ,he couldhave caught the train.1、 If+ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞過去式主 語(yǔ) +would （ couldshould2、 If+ 主語(yǔ) +were to+ 動(dòng)詞原might ） +動(dòng)詞原型形3、If+ 主語(yǔ) +should + 動(dòng)詞原形If I were to go abroad ,I wouldgo to America.有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這是動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studie

3、d hard before, you would be a college student now.有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒用if從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語(yǔ)（ otherwise ，or ，without ，but for ）上下文或其他方式來表示。1. 條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中；2. 條件暗含在上下文中；3. 虛擬式變?yōu)榱?xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。在 if 引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件中的連詞 if 省去，而將 had ， should ， were 等助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。例：原句： 1: If she were younger,she,would do it.去 if ： W

4、ere she younger,she,would do it.條件從句中省略if 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的情況2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.去 if: Had you come earlier,you would have met him3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.去 if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.11.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式。He treat

5、s the boy as if he were his own son.2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 在 as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中He spoke as if he had known about it.3 表示與將來事實(shí)相反，(表示將來的可能性不大),用 would(might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形He acts as if he could win in the game .注意： 1.在 as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成為事實(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例： He looks as if he going to be i

6、ll.2.as though 或 as if 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句中可省略主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest， forfear that，so that 及 in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中表示“以防，以免”等意思由 “ providing （ that）/provided （ that ） /onconditionthat/suppose（ that ） /supposing（ that）”引導(dǎo)的條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we sh

7、ould bring an umbrella.根據(jù)情況， 1.可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例： suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldnt go out.2.也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例： They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon.2“ In case”引導(dǎo)的從句中即可用陳述句，也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（ should） +動(dòng)詞原型例： 1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.2.The game will be put o

8、ff in case it snows.名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一：賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式。擬語(yǔ)氣I wish (that) I were a bird.1. 在 動(dòng) 詞wish/hope后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ) 氣 , 表示 一種 不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。對(duì)過去情況的虛擬： 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，或 would ，could，might+ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.在表示建議，命令，要求，忠告，等動(dòng)詞的后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣對(duì)將來情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)“ would/should

9、/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。I wish (that) I wouldcould go.均以“ should+ 動(dòng)詞原型”表示這種語(yǔ)氣，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should)go with them.常用的此類動(dòng)詞有：表示“提議，勸告，建議”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示“要求”的：ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg表示“同意，堅(jiān)持”的：in

10、sist表示“決定，命令”的：decide,order注意：suggest,insist 不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)， 即它們用于其本意暗示，表明，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。在 expect， believe ，think ， suspect 等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣The smile on his face suggested(暗示） that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted 【堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為】 that he had never stolen the money. 經(jīng)常用“ should+ 動(dòng)詞原型（

11、或完成形式），表示驚奇，懷疑，不滿等情緒。I cannot believe that you should think so.Wouldrather ， had謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾磖ather，后的賓語(yǔ)從句I would rather you told me the truth.中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣3用 去完成式表示與 去事 相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“ 去做的事的懊悔”。I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.注意： 1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather 后用 原型2.would rather .than 中用 原型I

12、would rather do it by myself.I wouldratherwatchTVathomethangotothecinema.主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式 should+ 原形或省略shouldIt s quite necessary that we should have a walknow.常用的形容 ： natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important ，“ Itis(was)+ 形 容 詞（ 或 過 去 分 詞 ）urgent，probable ，possible， desirable，strange。+that .

13、” 構(gòu)中的虛 氣注意：在上述所列形容 后面用that 引出的 從句中， 也要用虛 氣。例： I don tthink it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.( 姆缺乏 ，指派他做 工作我 是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?).表示建 ，命令， 求，道歉， 疑，驚奇等。It s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.在“ It is (was)+ 名 名 有： advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity ， +tha

14、t .” 構(gòu)句中的 proposal， recommendation ， suggestion， surprise ， wish ， wonder虛 氣等。表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式 should+ 原型或直接用 原型。某些表示建 ， 求，命令等主 意向的名 做主 ，其后的表 從句或同位 從My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在 It is demande

15、d/suggested/ordered/required .4句需用虛 氣that-clause 句型中從句用(should )+ 原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.這類 名 詞 常 見 的 有 ： demand ， desire ， requirement ， advice ，recommendation， suggestion， order， necessity， proposal， plan ，idea。在 It is (about/high) time+that定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示“ 做 .的 其 形式用一般 去 或sh

16、ould+ 原型候了”It is high time that you went/ should go to school.注意：在 this is the first time/ second time that .句型中，從句中 用 述 氣完成 。This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.If only引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣If only 引出感 句，意思是“要是 . 多好”，表示 人的一種愿望。表示 在的情況, 用 去式 ;表示 去的情況, 用 去完成 表示將來的情況，用would+ 原形例：

17、If only he didn tdrive so fast!( 在 )Look at the terrible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice( 去 )If only the rain would stop.( 將來 )even if ( even though) 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣5表示一種讓步語(yǔ)氣，表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式即使 .也做不成某事。表示過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I

18、had been busy then, I would have helped you.Choose the best answer:It is strange thatthe little boy _ speak two foreign languages.A. couldb. canC. shouldD. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A. be finishedB.will finishC. must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy.A, might have given B. might giveC.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China.A.would beB. has been C. should beD.was5. He is talking so much about America as if he_ there.had beenB. has beenC. wasD. has gone6. The young man insisted that