完整版)高中虛擬語氣用法詳解

1、一、什么是虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，虛 擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。If I were you, Id take them away. 如果我是你的話，我就會帶走他們。 (不可能是你，所以這 是不存在的事實(shí)，所以用虛擬語氣)If I had met Tom, I could have told him. 如果我碰見了 Tom ，我就告訴他了。If I had time, I could come to help you. 如果我有時(shí)間，我會來幫助你的。He suggested that our class should be

2、divided into five groups. 他建議說我們的班應(yīng)該分成五 個(gè)小組。He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他給我們講的好像他去過那兒。二、虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣在一般用于簡單句， 賓語從句， 主語從句， 表語從句， 壯語從句以及同位于從句。 (下面我們分別看一下)1) 虛擬語氣用在簡單句中，表示祝愿，命令，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就是原形。May you be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我們的

3、友情天長地久。Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out ！ 你出去！2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中。在 suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command 等動(dòng) 詞后的賓語從句中，要用虛擬語氣，表示建議、要求、決定或命令等，其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為 should+ 動(dòng)詞原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的時(shí)態(tài)不限。We proposed that the medicine (should) be cleaned again. 我們

4、提出把那臺機(jī)器再清洗一次。The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我們在天亮 前離開村莊。The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the English evening. 學(xué)生們要求老師們 在英語晚會上唱一支歌。The workers demanded that their pay (should) be raised. 工人們要求增加工資。He insisted that John (should) do t

5、he job. 他堅(jiān)決要求約翰干這項(xiàng)工作。She suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 她建議會議應(yīng)該推遲至下一 周。注意 insist 作“力言”、“強(qiáng)調(diào)”解時(shí)賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 邁克力言他從未偷過東西。 只有當(dāng)作“堅(jiān)決要求” 、“堅(jiān)持要”解時(shí)賓語從句才用虛擬語氣。I insist she go there with her mother. 我堅(jiān)持要她同她母親到那兒去。Suggest作“暗示”、“表明”解時(shí)

6、，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。Her pale face suggested that she was seriously ill. 蒼白的臉上可以看出，她病得很厲害。 只有當(dāng)suggest作“建議”解時(shí)，才用虛擬語氣。We suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off until next Saturday. 我們建議把運(yùn)動(dòng)會推 遲到下星期六。在動(dòng)詞wish后面的賓語從句中，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。漢語一般可譯為“但愿”,“可惜”，“悔不該”，“就好了”等。在賓語從句中，表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式(動(dòng)詞be 的過去式用were

7、)；I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到頭都是春天該多好??！I wish I could help you. 但愿我能幫助你。如表示過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用過去完成式(had+過去分詞)；She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在這里就好了。表示與將來事實(shí)可能相反的愿望時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用would+動(dòng)詞原形。I wish you would be more careful in future. 希望你今后會更小心一些才好。在 would rather/sooner (寧愿

8、)， would prefer (希望)后面的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí) 或?qū)砜赡芟喾丛竿麜r(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式； 表示過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞就用過 去完成式，同。I would rather he came next Saturday. 我寧愿他下星期六來。I would prefer he didn tstay there too long. 我倒希望他在那兒不要呆得太久。3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中。在句型 It is important (necessary, strange, impossible, natural) that 中， that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用：

9、should + 動(dòng)詞原形。Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。在句型 It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, better) that 中， that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形。It was a great pity that

10、you (should) have made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遺憾 了，你居然在數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)中犯了那么多錯(cuò)誤It will be better that she stay with her grandmother. 她和她的祖母在一起就好了。在句型 It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered) that 中， that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形。It was suggested that the sports meet be put off until n

11、ext Saturday. 大家建議把運(yùn)動(dòng)會推遲到 下星期六。It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我們到今晚將一切準(zhǔn)備就 緒。It was ordered that the medicine be sent there by plane. 命令馬上用飛機(jī)把藥送往那里。4) 虛擬語氣用于表語從句中。由 suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal 等名詞做主語的句子里，其表語錄 從句用虛擬語氣表示建議、命令或要求等。從句中的謂語動(dòng)

12、詞形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中 should 可以省略。My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village. 我的建議是在村莊周圍多 種些樹。Their proposal is that we should set up a spare time school for them. 他們的提議是要我們?yōu)樗?2 頁 共 4 頁們成立一所業(yè)余學(xué)校。His idea is that we （should） discuss the report.他的意見是我們應(yīng)討論一下這個(gè)報(bào)告。5）虛擬語氣用于同位語從句中。作名

13、詞suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan等的同位語從句中用虛擬語氣，其謂語動(dòng)詞的 形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省略。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we （should） go to Beijing for sightseeing.我們都同意他的意見，去北京觀光。What do you think of the idea that we should beg in the sec ond experime nt at once? 你認(rèn)為我們 立即開始第二次實(shí)驗(yàn)的意見怎么樣？（總結(jié)上面的

14、幾點(diǎn)，其實(shí)大家應(yīng)該看到了，只要涉及建議，要求，渴望等一些詞，女口suggest,advise, propose, in sist, dema nd, desire, request, require, decide, order, comma nd，就要用虛擬語 氣。但是還是要注意，有些詞只要在表示建議，要求時(shí)才使用虛擬語氣，剛才已經(jīng)見過了，女口 suggest, insist。）6）虛擬語氣用在（條件）狀語從句中。從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had +過去分詞would/ s

15、hould/ could/ might + have +過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式，should +動(dòng)詞原 形，were to + 動(dòng)詞原形would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形If I were you, I should buy it.如果我是你，我就買了它。 （現(xiàn)在）If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有時(shí)間，我會學(xué)習(xí)法語的。（現(xiàn)在）If she knew En glish, she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英語的話，她不會找我?guī)兔Φ?。（現(xiàn)在）If you had got

16、up earlier, you could have caught the train. 女口果你早一點(diǎn)起床，就會趕上火車的。（過去）If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopp ing.女口果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。（將來）注意的幾個(gè)問題：1） 并不是if引導(dǎo)的條件從句都是虛擬語氣。如果if從句所指的事很有可能發(fā)生，那么這是 真實(shí)條件句；反之，則是虛擬條件句If you study hard, you will surely pass the exam in ati on.（ 真實(shí)條件句 ）If I were a bird, I could fly

17、freely in the sky.（ 虛擬條件句）2） 有時(shí)if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可以省略if，而把從句中的動(dòng)詞were, had或should移到主語前面，偶爾did和would, should也可以提前。Were she younger, she would do it .如果她年青點(diǎn)，她就會干的。Had he kn ow n her address, he would had go ne to visit her.如果他知道她的地址，他會去看她的。第3頁共4頁Did time permit, we might go there. 如果時(shí)間允許，我們可以去那。3）有時(shí)表示虛擬語氣的條件從句或

18、者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一個(gè)主句或者一個(gè)條件從 句。I could help you. 我本來可以幫助你。If I had time. 我要有時(shí)間該多好??！She should have come to the party. 她應(yīng)該來參加聚會。4）虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作可以和主句的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)不一致。If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干的就 會容易些。If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議， 他就不會干得這樣好。5） 由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或表語從句中，也用虛擬語氣（過去時(shí)或過去完成 時(shí)）。She loves the child as if he were her own.“How wild his white h