初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳細(xì)總結(jié)

1、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 詞法1、名詞A）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加 s。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二） x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,三） 1）以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies,2）以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的直接加 s。如： day-da

2、ys, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 結(jié)尾加 （s外來(lái)詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加 o的加 es：如: tomatoes西紅柿 , potatoes馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)

3、的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves,clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變， 既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police 警察局，警察 , class班，同學(xué) , family 家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-actionmovies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man 或 woman 所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不

4、同。如： fish 魚(yú) fishes 魚(yú)的種類 , paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文 , work 工作 works 作品，工廠 , glass 玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡 , orange 桔子水 oranges橙子 , light 光線 lights 燈, people人 peoples民族 , time 時(shí)間 times 時(shí)代 , 次數(shù) , chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一） 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s 或 s。如： Is (Is), Ks (K。但s)如是縮略詞則只加s。如： IDs, VCDs, SARs十二）特殊形式的有： child-ch

5、ildren, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet,mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加 s。如： brother s, Mike s, teachers二）復(fù)數(shù)以 s 結(jié)尾的直接在 s 后加 ，如果不是以 s 結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié) , classmates ; Children六一s節(jié)Day,Women s Day三八節(jié)三）由 and 并列的名詞所有時(shí)， 如果是共

6、同所有同一人或物時(shí)， 只加最后一個(gè) s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。 如：Mike and Ben s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間）， Mikes and Ben s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) Imemy minemyself復(fù)數(shù) weusour oursourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) youyouyour yoursyourself復(fù)數(shù) youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) sheherher hersherselfhehimhis hishimself

7、ititits its this thatitself復(fù)數(shù) theythem their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A） 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三） 1）以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es。如： study-studies, hurry-h

8、urries,try-tries2）以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的直接加s。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以 o 結(jié)尾加 es。如： does, goes五）特殊的有： are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training,play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以

9、不發(fā)音 e 的結(jié)尾的去掉e 再加 ing。如： dance-dancing, wake-waking,take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開(kāi)字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如： put-putting,run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 結(jié)尾的變 ie 為 y 再加 ing。如： tie-tying 系 die

10、-dying 死 lie-lying位于4、形容詞的級(jí)我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。 構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在詞后加 er 或 est(如果是以 e 結(jié)尾則直接加 r 或 st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1 個(gè)元音字母 1 個(gè)輔音字母 (字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如： big-bigger biggest,r

11、ed-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 加 er/est。如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況： (兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn) )good/well - better bestmany/much - more mostbad/ill worse w

12、orstlittle- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th；y 結(jié)尾，變?yōu)?i, eth 跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)

13、法 句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句a) This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞 )b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞 )c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )d) I can bring some things to school. 情(態(tài)動(dòng)詞 )e) There s a computer on my desk. (There結(jié)構(gòu)be)否定陳述句a) These aren t their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d)

14、Kate can t find her doll.e) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let c) Come in, please.s learn English!否定祈使句 a) Don t be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問(wèn)句1) 一般疑問(wèn)句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e)

15、Is she reading?肯定回答 : a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes,she is.否定回答 : a) No, he isn t. b) No, you can t. c) No, she doesn t. d) No, they don No, she isn t.2) 選擇疑問(wèn)句Is the table big or small? 回答 It s big./ It s small.3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句 問(wèn)年齡How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問(wèn)

16、種類What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問(wèn)身體狀況How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問(wèn)方式How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is . 問(wèn)原因Why do you want to join the club? 問(wèn)時(shí)間Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a qua

17、rter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o clock.When do you want to go? Let s go at 7:00. 問(wèn)地方Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 問(wèn)顏色What color are they? They are light blue.What s your favourite color? It s black. 問(wèn)人物Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My bro

18、ther.Who isn t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問(wèn)東西Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 問(wèn)姓名What s your aunt s name? Her name is Helen./She s Helen.What s your first name

19、? My first name s Ben.What s your family name? My family name s Smith.12 問(wèn)哪一個(gè)Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問(wèn)字母What letter is it? It s big D/small f.14 問(wèn)價(jià)格How much are these pants? They re 15 dollars.15 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼What s your phone number? It-8349s576.16 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ) (動(dòng)作 ) What s he doing? He s watchi

20、ng TV.17 問(wèn)職業(yè) (身份 ) What do you do? I m a teacher.What s your father? He s a doctor.三、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞： She s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞： They want to eat some tomatoes.

21、Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina hasa nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為v-ing sth + 其它 .sb beI m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn t writing a letter.They re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren listening to the pop music.四、