直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) 常艷

1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)（一）直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的含義直接引語(yǔ)別人的原話時(shí)，被引用的部分稱為直接引語(yǔ)，（即前后要加引號(hào)）；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分稱為間接引語(yǔ)，間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句，間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)。如：John saidIm going to London with my father.約翰說(shuō)：我要和父親到倫敦去。（直接引語(yǔ)）John said(that) he was going to Midon with his father.約翰說(shuō)他要和父親到倫敦去。（間接引語(yǔ)） (二）直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ) 1.分類直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)（口語(yǔ)中可

2、以省略），主句的動(dòng)詞常用say、tell,repeat,explain,think等，句中的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要做相應(yīng)的變化。如：He said,”I am your fathers friend.” 他說(shuō):“我是你爸爸的朋友?！?He said that he was my fathers friend.” 他說(shuō)他是我爸爸的朋友。直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)序。其主句動(dòng)詞常用ask、wonder、want to know,in-quire、do not know、be not sure、be puzzled等，句尾不用問(wèn)號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句或反意疑

3、問(wèn)句當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句或反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)。如：She asked me,Are you Mr Li?她問(wèn)我：你是李先生嗎？She asked me if(或whether) I was Mr Li.她問(wèn)我是否是李先生。直接引語(yǔ)為選擇疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，要用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，變?yōu)閣hether. or結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Do you want tea or coffee?he asked.你是想要茶還是咖啡？他問(wèn)。He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.他問(wèn)我是要茶還是要咖啡。直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)

4、為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，常變成與原來(lái)疑問(wèn)詞同形的連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用陳述語(yǔ)序,問(wèn)號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榫涮?hào)。如：He said,Where is she going?他說(shuō)：她要去哪兒？ He asked where she was going.他問(wèn)她要去哪兒。(3) 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用不定式表示，使其轉(zhuǎn)變成為ask/tell/order/beg/warn/advise sb(not)to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He said to her,Dont take the book away.他對(duì)她說(shuō)：不要把那本書拿He asked her not to take the boo

5、k away.他讓她不要把那本書拿走。2.變化規(guī)則：當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)要有相應(yīng)的變化。另外它的人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等也要按照主句做相應(yīng)的改變，規(guī)則如下： 時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去(完成)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)注意： 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)所述的是客觀真理時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The teacher saidLight travels faster than sound.，The t

6、eacher said that light travels faster than sound.老師說(shuō)光比聲音傳播得決。 如果直接引語(yǔ)中有明確表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)不改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：He said to me, I was bom in 1993.He told me that he was born in 1993.他告訴我在1993年出生。 如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有since、when、while引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如：He said to me. I have taught here

7、since I came here.He told me that he had taught here since he came here.他告訴我自從他來(lái)到這里就在這里教學(xué)c (2)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)調(diào)整)this week( month)that week(month.) last week ( month)the week (month) before next week (month)the next/following week (month.)nowthen todaythat day yesterdaythe day before tomorrow the next/follow

8、ing day two days agotwo days before tonight that night the day after tomorrow in two days(3) 指示代詞的變化this that these those(4) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化 herethere(5) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化 comego bringtake一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. -Sam ，do you know if Alice _to my party next week?-I think she will come if she_free. A. comes, is B. comes, will be C

9、.will come, is( )2. -I dont know_the charity show tomorrow. Can you tell me?A.when we start B. when did we start C.when we will start ( )3.Can you tell me_ for the 60th China National Day?A wonderful parade.A. what is going to be heldB. who is going to be invitedC. how much money will be raised( )4.

10、Do you have to hold our English party in the classroom?Well, I dont know_ if not here.A. when can we do it B. when we can do it C.where we can do it( )5.-.Id like to know_.-At 6：30.A. when does your mother usually cook breakfastB. how your mother usually cooks breakfastC. when your mother usually co

11、oks breakfast ( )I dont know if he _ to Kates birthday party.Hes sure to go if he_.A. goes, know B. will go, knows C.goes, will know( )7What did your parrot say, Bill? It asked us_A. what is the weather like todayB. what the weather is like todayC. what does the weather like today( )8.My uncle remem

12、bered_.A. when we moved to the townB. when did we move to the townC. when we move to the town( )9.The teacher asked Lucy_.A. where does she come from B. what did she like bestC.if she could speak Chinese( )10.He doesnt think_rain this afternoon.A. it wont B. its going to C.if its going to( )11.Could

13、 you tell me_?Glad to help.A. if I have been to the Great WallB. where did he studyC. how I can get to the station( )12. Can you see_？No,lets go and have a look. Maybe we can help them.A. what they are doing there B. what was happening there C. what is happening there( )13. You cant imagine_when the

14、 pupils received these nice presents on Childrens Day.A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they( )14. Do you know_the MP3 player last week?Sony. I have no idea.A. how much did she pay for B. how much will she pay for C. how much she paid for( )15. I want to know_his

15、homework yesterday evening.A. if he finished B. whether he had finished C. has she finished ( )16. Nobody knew_.A. where he comes B. where he was from C. where does he come from( )17. He said he_me before., A. has met B. met C. had met( )18. Please tell me_to the science Museum.A. how can we get B.

16、how we can get C. how we can reach( )19. Our teacher said that the moon_around the earth.A. turned B. turn C. turns( )20. Excuse me, can you tell me_?A. why was the train late B. why the train was late C. why the train is late( )21. Who can tell us_about over there?A. what they talk B. what are they talking C.What they are talking( )22. He said that they_Zhangjiajia for a holiday.A. have been to B. had gone to C. has gone to( )23. I was surprised at_.A. what