英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習

1、英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習清華大學英語系測試：為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學英語教授研究組提供英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習一、什么是被動語態(tài)？ 英語中時態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。所謂“被動語態(tài)”，相當于中文中常說的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了。”，“這座樓房是由他們建造的?！?二、被動語態(tài)的結構 那么，英語中被動語態(tài)是怎么樣構成的呢？請看下面的例句（注意劃線部分）： His bicycle was stolen. The building has been built in 2000. 通過上面的例

2、句，可以看出，“被動語態(tài)”的構成是： be + 過去分詞 + (by+動作執(zhí)行者) 三、被動語態(tài)的運用 什么情況下要用被動語態(tài)呢？一般地說，有下面幾種情況： （1） 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如： Paper is made from wood. （紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來的。） The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。） He was wounded in the fight. （他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。） Electricity is used to run machines. （電是用來開動機器的。

3、） （2） 需要強調(diào)動作的對象時。例如： Calculator cant be used in the maths exam. （計算器不能用于數(shù)學考試。） Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準帶走。） He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比賽中獲得了第一。） （3）為了使語氣婉轉，避免提到是誰做的這件事。例如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the

4、 end of next month. （新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。） 四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例 一般地講，被動語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時態(tài)。為了能準確地運用被動語態(tài)，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態(tài)變化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例如下： 1、 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài). am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般過去式的被動語態(tài): was / were + 動詞的過去分詞 His desk was cleaned just now. The station wa

5、s built in 1928. 3、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài): am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、過去進行時的被動語態(tài): was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen

6、last year. 5、一般將來時的被動語態(tài): (A) will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (B) am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞. Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 6、過去將來時的被動語態(tài): (1).would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (2).was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞. She said that

7、 some new factories would be built soon in our city. He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 7、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞 Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already. 8、過去完成時的被動語態(tài):had + been + 動詞的過去分詞 He said

8、 that some new factories had been built in the city. I didnt know that my watch had been mended . 9、含情態(tài)動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done 例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this. 五、如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài) 1、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。 例1. 主動語態(tài)：人們說英語。People speak English in many countries. 被動語態(tài)：英語被說。En

9、glish is spoken in many countries. 例2. 主動語態(tài)：我們造這座橋。We built this bridge last year. 被動語態(tài)：這座橋被建造。This bridge was built last year. 2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。 例1. 主動語態(tài)：小王邀請你(賓語) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party. 被動語態(tài)：你(賓語)被邀請。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang. 例2. 主動語態(tài)：你不準帶走雜志(賓語)

10、You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room. 被動語態(tài)：雜志(賓語)不準被帶走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room. 例3. 主動語態(tài)：他們授給他(賓語)一枚獎章(賓語).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. 被動語態(tài)：他(賓語)被授予一枚獎章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work. 被動語態(tài)：一枚獎章(賓語)被授給了他.A medal w

11、as given to him for his wonderful work. 六、練習 1.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting. (提示) the problem -be - discuss 2.Has anybody fed the birds? (提示) Has anybody - be - feed 3.People will never forget the accident. (提示) the accident - will be - forget 4.They are repairing the car in the

12、 garage. (提示) the car - be being - repair 5.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice. (提示) the light - must have - be - turn on 6.They have found ways to make waste water clean. 7.Someone must take care of the children when we go out. 8.They wont hold the meeting until next Friday.

13、9.You may write this letter in pencil. 10.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被動語態(tài)復習 ABC A熟記結構 被動語態(tài)的結構為“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞（pp）”。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應與主語保持一致。其具體變化為： 一般現(xiàn)在時：amisarepp 一般過去時：waswerepp 一般將來時：shall will be pp 現(xiàn)在完成時：have has been pp 現(xiàn)在進行時：amisarebeingpp 過去將來時：should would b

14、e pp 含情態(tài)動詞的被動結構：情態(tài)動詞bepp例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken （選D?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)） The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells （選C?？疾橐话氵^去時的被動語態(tài)） A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhav

15、e （選B?？疾楹閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)） B明確用法 被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況： 1不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者； 2強調(diào)動作的承受者。例如： 這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。 The tree _ _ by that boy （填was broken） C熟練轉換 1將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為： 將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語； 謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài)； 主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。（有時by短語可以省略）。 2被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句

16、是在第一個助動詞后加not；特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞一般疑問句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同義句） （填m ust be thrown away） Where did they grow vegetables？（改為被動語態(tài)） Where _ vegetables _ ？（填were；grown） D注意特例 將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應注意幾個特殊情況： 1含雙賓語的主動結構變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，有兩種方法： 將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變； 將直接賓

17、語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如： He told us a story（變被動語態(tài)） We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（變被動語態(tài)） A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother （填was given to） 2短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake awa

18、y Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away D She will take good care of the children（變被動語態(tài)） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） （填be taken good care of） 3含有復合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補時，不定式符號to必須補上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（變被動He _ _ _ swim

19、 in Qianling Lake yesterday （填was seen to） 4不定式的被動結構：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“to be 過去分詞”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C 5以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉換成被動句時要注意詞序：應將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如： Who has broken the cup？（改為被動語態(tài)） By whom has the cup been broken？ E注

20、意區(qū)別 被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別： 1）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較： The window is broken窗子破了。（系表結構） The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被動語態(tài)） 2）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被 so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修飾。試比較： He was very interested in scienc

21、e他對科學有極大興趣。（系表結構） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動語態(tài)） F牢記（相關）句型 初中教材中與被動語態(tài)相關的句型有： 1be covered with被覆蓋 2be made of由制作（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from由制作（發(fā)生化學變化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3be used for被用來 be used as被當作（作為）來使用 be used to do sth被用來做某事

22、4It is said that據(jù)說 It is hoped that希望 It is well known that眾所周知例如： Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？ YesIts Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in B This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping A 據(jù)說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。 _ _ _ that _

23、 _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing （填It is said；another bridge；built）寫好英語作文三步走初三中考在即。師生的復習應該進入一個非常專題化的時期。如何寫好一篇60字的作文，爭取18分的最大值，顯然已經(jīng)引起了師生極大的重視。原因很明顯，本年度是中考有史以來作文分值最高的一年，要求也是最高、最細的一年，所以分差增大，原來最多不差三四分的作文，弄不好很可能差十分以上，十分！對于中考來說這可是個了不起的數(shù)字！那么如何提高作文得高分的能力？當然可以只回答一個字“練”。目標有了，最重要的就是方法了。至少我們應該

24、注意作文的基本要求和基本技巧。 60字的作文，非常有限的文字里要說明白說清楚一件事或一個人物或者一個觀點，并不是一件很容易的事情。所以更要注意結構、要求和技巧。 60字的作文最好先從結構上練起，一般要分這樣五個層次：1）開始句2）向主體過度句 3）主體敘述 4）向結尾過度 5）結尾。第一層開始句起著點題的作用，60字的作文一定要開門見山。也就是第一句就能讓人感覺到你將要寫什么。但是往往是概括性地籠統(tǒng)地指出。所以往往是一句話就解決問題。第二層往往是在第一層的基礎上具體指出某人或某事。第三層就這個某人或某事進行詳細的敘述或議論或描寫。但一般以3至4句為宜。因為中考作文的字數(shù)是60至80字之間。不足

25、和超過都要扣分。所以應該及時向結尾過渡，完成第四層，多半以談感覺為主。在主體敘述和結尾之間起著承上啟下的作用。但也應該一句話解決問題。過渡的梯子搭好了，也就能夠圓滑地圓滿地結尾了。結尾的一句話往往是感慨、感想、感嘆之類的句子。這樣6至8句的作文，每句平均10字左右 （每個句子的字數(shù)根據(jù)含義的需要調(diào)整），最后寫好的作文就應該是在60至80字之間了。 說到這里我們只解決了層次清晰、符合字數(shù)要求的問題。其次注意沒有把握的句子不寫，拼寫要準確，敘述中沒有語法錯誤，時態(tài)要符合背景。我們學了含不同從句的復合句。所以作文中應該適當?shù)爻霈F(xiàn)復合句。一定要注意詞匯上的不必要重復和句式的單一。巧妙地插入平時積累的格

26、言警句，使作文生輝。設法滿足“詞匯和句型句式運用恰當自如；文中有值得肯定的好的句型和表達方式。 ”同時注意大小寫、標點正確。 再次，一定注意作文的題內(nèi)要求，往往是以問題形式出現(xiàn)為多，千萬不可丟掉任何一個。 最后提醒大家注意的就是一定要打草稿，避免在卷面上涂抹。 以上這幾點做到了，離滿分作文也不遠了。中考英語作文的評分標準：1.內(nèi)容完整，語句流暢，無語法錯誤，書寫規(guī)范，給9-10分；2.內(nèi)容較完整，語句較流暢，基本無語法錯誤，書寫較規(guī)范，給6-8分；3.內(nèi)容不完整，語句欠流暢，語法錯誤較多，書寫較規(guī)范，給3-5分；4.只寫出個別要點，語法錯誤較多，書寫欠規(guī)范，只有個別句子可讀或不知所云，給0-2

27、分。從個評分標準來看，它對考生的作文要求有四點：1、內(nèi)容要完整。2、語句流暢。3、沒有語法錯誤。4、書寫規(guī)范。能達到上述要求的作文，都會得到相應的高分。所以，在寫作文的時候，大家要牢記這些要求。要做到內(nèi)容完整，我們首先要認清看好題目的要求，抓住要點，注意文體。我們可以在寫作之前好好構思一下，自己將從幾個方面來寫。是否能將所有內(nèi)容都包含在內(nèi)。在寫完之后，再檢查一遍?？纯从袥]有內(nèi)容的缺失。要做到語句的流暢，這就要求有扎實的英語基本功。在平時的積累上，注意一些語義的表達方法。要盡量使用自己能夠正確運用的語句和表達方式。注意句子之間的連貫性。這不僅僅指從語法上，也指句意上的連貫。在初中階段，考生應注意

28、語法點有：動詞單三形式，時態(tài)（包括：現(xiàn)在進行時，一般過去時，將來時），定語從句（此項語法建議考生盡量不要使用），語態(tài)，單復數(shù)，主謂一致，冠詞等還有一些表達方式。比如，我非常喜歡足球。考生經(jīng)常會寫成Iverylikefootball.這樣的錯誤一定要避免。書寫一定要規(guī)范。要了解英語作文的書寫規(guī)則。同時，要知道應用文的寫作方法。這個在競學網(wǎng)中學生英語頻道的2006中考英語作文面面觀的第四講里曾經(jīng)講過。大家可以參考相關內(nèi)容。除了以上的四個方面，這里還建議考生們要檢查：單詞的拼寫、大小寫和標點符號?？荚嚨臅r候，要盡量留出充足的時間給作文。這樣，我們才能有足夠的時間去構思，去打草稿。在評卷的時候，第一印

29、象很重要，所以考生們一定要讓自己的作文看起來舒服，干凈，整齊。八年級新目標英語第二學期期末考試題第一卷（選擇題，共75分）第一部分：聽力（20分）IListen and circle(聽句子，圈出你所聽到的單詞或短語。每句讀一遍) 1Aargument Bargue Cart Daunt 2Awalk Block Ctalk Dpork 3Aown Bowe Cour Donly 4A1ook Bloose Clost D1ose 5Astyle Bstill Csmall Dsmell 6Ateacher Btutor Ctill D. talk 7Agrow Bright Cwrong D

30、write 8Aexcept Bexpert Cexpect Dexhaust 9Akeep out B.leave out Cgo out Dbreak out 10.Alook up Bget up Ccall up Dring upListen and choose(聽句子，選出與你所聽到的句子意思最接近的選項。每句讀一遍)11AYoud better do your homework carefully BYou don t do your homework carefully CYou wont do your homework carefully DYou could do you

31、r homework carefully12AMy friend borrowed some money from Tom BTom borrowed some money from my friend CMy friend asked me to borrow some school things from Tom DMy friend said I should borrow some money from Tom13A1 wear the same shoes as my classmate does B1 wear new clothes，but my classmate doesnt

32、 CMy classmate wears nicer clothes than I do DMy classmate and 1 wear the same clothes14AI find it easy to learn English well BI find it difficult to learn English well CI find it hard to talk with English teacher DI find it easy to use English15AYou could do nothing at home BThere are a lot of thin

33、gs you could eat at home CThere are lots of things you could do at home DYou could do your homework at schoolListen and choose(聽短文，選出與短文內(nèi)容相符的選項。短文讀三遍)16.Where did Mike go last summer?_ AEngland BChina CThe USA DFrance17. How long did Mike stay there ?_ AFor two months BFor two weeks CFor three hours

34、 DFor one day18. What did Mike do when he stayed there?_ A. He learnt English BHe taught English CHe learnt Japanese DHe taught French19.Why did the owner of the shop have to learn English?_ ABecause his wife asked him to do so BBecause he wanted to go to the USA CBecause he had many American custom

35、ers(顧客) DBecause he wanted to go to England for his holiday20.Who gave Mike three meals and a little pocket money?_ AThe owner of the shop BMikes parents CMikes friend DThe writer第二部分：英語知識應用（共兩節(jié)，25分）第一節(jié)：單項填空（15分）( ) 21I fell in 1ove_the beautiful city of Shanghai while 1 was_ vacation there. A .with

36、 ; on B. on; with C. to, in D. to ; for( ) 22There will be_ buildings in our city，Im sure Amore tall beautiful Bmore beautiful tall Ctall more beautiful D .tall beautiful more( ) 23I think there_ any paper money in the future Awill be Bwill have Cwont be Dwont have( ) 24 -How will students study in

37、the future? - _home_ computers. AIn；in BAt；in CAt；with DAt：on( ) 25If you compare your English_ mine，youll find yours is much_. Awith；good Bwith；betterCand；good Dand；better ( ) 26.-What do you think of these students?-I find them interested_English and Chinese Ato learn B.1earning C.in learning D.wi

38、th learning ( ) 27.They need time to play or think,_? Aneednt they Bdont theyCneed they D.do they ( ) 28.-Look !There are some monkeys_ the tree -Are they eating the apples_ the tree?Aon；on Bin；in C.0n；in D .in；on ( ) 29.You can hardly imagine _strange the alien was!Awhat Bhow Cwhich Dwhy( ) 30.-Wha

39、t _ you doing when the UFD landed? -I_ a souvenir Aare；was buying Bwere；was buying Cwas；was buying Ddid；bought( ) 31. If it _ tomorrow, we .wont go to the park.A. will rain B. rains C. rain D. rained( ) 32. Beckham earns more than 10 million pounds _ year.A. a B. the C. one D. last( )33.Mr Li is ver

40、y famous _a teacher _ his interesting way of teaching.A. for; as B. for; for C. as; as D. as; for( ) 34.-Why are your clothes so dirty, Mike? -Because I _ the classroom.A. have cleaned B.have been C.cleaned D. was cleaning( ) 35. Its really important _ us to know that its not polite _ us to eat from

41、 each others plates in a country like Britain. A. for; of B. of; for C. of; of D. for; for第二節(jié)：完型填空（10分）The marathon is a popular Olympic event. It is a very 36 race 42.2 kilometres , and good 37 finish it in about two hours. Marathon is the name of a place in Greece ( 西臘) .There is an old 38 about a

42、n important battle (戰(zhàn)斗) at Marathon 2500 years 39 . The Greeks won the battle and their leader(領袖) was very excited and proud(自豪). He shouted,We must 40 a message to Athens(雅典) at once. It s a long way to Athens. 41 can take our message home to our people? Pheidippides said, I can ! I want to do it.

43、 I can run 42 than all the other men! Pheidippides ran as fast as he could to Athens. He shouted the 43 news to the Athenians, We won ! We won the battle ! Then he 44 to the ground. He was too exhausted ( 疲憊) and died a short time later. He was the 45 Marathoner() 36. A. dangerous B. interesting C.

44、short D. long() 37. A. players B. runners C. doctors D. workers() 38. A. subject B. result C. story D. book() 39. A. ago B. before C. after D. later()40. A. answer B. pass on C. send D. take()41. A. What B. Who C. Where D. When()42. A. slower B. higher C. further D. faster()43.A. good B. sad C. luck

45、y D. safe()44. A. jumped B. went C. fell D. moved()45. A. last B. firstC. bestD. real 第三部分：閱讀理解（30分） ATom s father bought him a small shop，and Tom sold milk，butter，cheese，eggs and other things in itHis shop was in a small town，and it was open on Tuesday，Wednesday，Thursday，F(xiàn)riday，Saturday and on Sund

46、ay morning，but it was closed on Sunday afternoon and on Monday Tom went to some farms on Monday and bought their best butter，cheese and eggs from the farmers，but he brought his milk in the townA truck brought them to his shop in the morningTom and his wife worked in the shop，and they sold a lot of f

47、ood because it was good and clean Once a fat woman came into the shop on SaturdayShe bought some eggs and some butter，and she said to Toms wife“Your eggs and your butter are dear todayWhy are they dearer on Saturday and Sunday than on Tuesday，Wednesday，Thursday and Friday?” Toms wife was unhappyShe

48、looked at the fat woman and then she looked at Tom.But she did not give any answerThen Tom smiled and said，“Our food is not dearer on Saturday and Sunday! It is cheaper on Tuesday，Wednesday，Thursday and Friday!”( ) 46Toms shop was open_ a week Afor seven days Bfor five days Cfor five days and a half

49、 Dfor six days( ) 47What did Tom buy on Monday? AButter，cheese and eggs BMilk CMeat and fish DBoth A and B( ) 48Why could Tom sell a lot of food in the shop? ABecause they were kind to others BBecause their food was good and clean CBecause they got a lot of money DBecause they liked selling food( )4

50、9Toms wife was unhappy because _ Aa fat woman said their eggs and butter were dearer on that day Bthe eggs and the butter were not good on that day Cshe didnt know how to answer the fat womans questions DTom was not with her when the fat woman came( )50We can see from the text that Torn is very_.Akind Bslow Cclever D.happyBOnce upon a time (從前) in Greece (希臘) there lived a clever man. His name was Aesop. One day, when Aesop was taking a walk in the country , a man on