[語(yǔ)言類(lèi)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全]專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)模擬69

1、書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘學(xué)子：學(xué)業(yè)有成，金榜題名！語(yǔ)言類(lèi)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)模擬69專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)模擬69Reading Comprehension Suppose we built a robot (機(jī)器人) to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally ac

2、tive at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning. According to the evolutionary theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sl

3、eeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only fr

4、om the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent. The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in

5、 sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked

6、 while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers. 1. The author uses the example of th

7、e robot in space exploration to tell us _.A.the difference between robots and menB.the reason why men need to sleepC.about the need for robots to save powerD.about the danger of men working at night答案:B解析 通過(guò)閱讀文章可知作者通過(guò)引用機(jī)器人探索太空的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明機(jī)器人也需要休息來(lái)進(jìn)行能量補(bǔ)充，從而引出下面的話題，說(shuō)明人類(lèi)為什么需要睡眠，故選B。2. Evolution has programme

8、d man to sleep at night chiefly to help him _.A.maintain a regular pattern of lifeB.prevent trouble that comes looking for himC.avoid danger and inefficient laborD.restore his bodily functions答案:C解析 根據(jù)文章第二段中：The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely

9、 says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous，可知人們?cè)谝归g休息主要是因?yàn)橥黹g活動(dòng)效率低下，而且可能很危險(xiǎn)。故C正確。3. According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _.A.are worrying about our safetyB.are overworkedC.are in a tentD.are awa

10、y from home答案:A解析 文章第二段最后一句指出在一個(gè)熟悉、安全的地方我們能夠睡得很好，但當(dāng)擔(dān)心會(huì)有野熊襲擊時(shí)就會(huì)睡得很輕，即當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心安全問(wèn)題時(shí)就會(huì)睡不好。故選A。4. Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _.A.need more time for restorationB.are unlikely to be attackedC.are more active than horses when they are awakeD.spend less time eating to get enough en

11、ergy答案:D解析 根據(jù)文章第三段中But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value，可知D為正確答案。5. Which of the followi

12、ng is the main idea of the passage?A.Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.B.The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.C.Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.D.The sleeping pattern of a liv

13、ing creature is determined by the food it eats.答案:A解析 通過(guò)理解全文可知文章主要講了進(jìn)化論使所有生物都有一個(gè)固定的休息和工作模式。只有A項(xiàng)描述與主旨貼近。故選A。 Congratulations, Mr. Jones, its a girl. Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they rec

14、eive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning

15、and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy(懷孕) Was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly. Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult tas

16、k. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the fathers role

17、, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mothers role. The mothers role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation, on the other hand, the fathers role is less demanding and immediate. However, even tho

18、ugh we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the bread-winner in the household. 6. According to the author, being a father _.A.brings a feeling of excitement to some menB.has a different meaning for those who have daught

19、ersC.makes some men feel proud and others uneasyD.means nothing but more responsibilities答案:C解析 根據(jù)文章第一段中Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers，可知當(dāng)知道自己快要成為父親時(shí)，有些男人會(huì)感到很自豪，而有些男人卻會(huì)感到擔(dān)憂、不自在，故C為正確答案。7. It is stated in the passage that _.

20、A.some parents are not prepared to have a childB.young couples do not like children at allC.working couples do not have much time to take care of their childrenD.many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child答案:A解析 根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句話For other couples, pregnancy(懷孕)was an accident that both

21、 husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly，可知有些夫婦還沒(méi)有做好生小孩的思想準(zhǔn)備，故A為正確答案。8. In the second paragraph, the author _.A.criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their childrenB.excuses the American writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a fatherC.suppo

22、rts the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the familyD.complains about the lack of social programs to help husbands adjust themselves to being a father答案:A解析 文章第二段提到“Although there are some men who like children and may have had. spend little time with them.”可知作者持批評(píng)態(tài)度，故選A。9. T

23、he transition to the mothers role requires that the wife _.A.change her life style in a highly innovative wayB.make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situationC.stay at home to take care of the babyD.help her husband in his re-socialization process答案:B解析 根據(jù)文章第四段中The mothers

24、 role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation，故選B。10. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, lathers, compared with mothers, _.A.have to shoulder more burdensB.have to make more difficult adaptationsC.have an easier job to do

25、D.can usually do a better job答案:C解析 根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句話It is argued by some writers that the transition to the fathers role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mothers role，可知與母親這一角色相比，父親的工作相比較容易一些，故C為正確答案。 Under proper conditions, sound waves will be ref

26、lected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection(the echo),

27、you can estimate the distance to an obstruction. During World War the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fo

28、g and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain. Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send

29、 the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their range of flight, in other words), the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined. 11. Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate the _.A.height of the hillB.speed of soundC.distanc

30、e to the hillD.intensity of sound答案:C解析 文章第一段最后一句說(shuō)通過(guò)對(duì)聲音和回音之間的間隔進(jìn)行計(jì)時(shí)，可以算出與障礙物之間的距離，故選C。12. The estimate is based on the _.A.direction of the hillB.accepted speed of soundC.interval between sound and echoD.both B and C答案:C解析 根據(jù)第一段最后一句話Thus, by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection(the

31、 echo), you can estimate the distance to an obstruction，可知C正確。13. Practical application of this principle resulted in _.A.new electronic instruments for planesB.a radio directing and ranging deviceC.new radio sets for RAF bombersD.an electronic detecting device答案:B解析 根據(jù)文章最后一句話the device was called r

32、adio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined，可知B正確。14. Radar enabled the English to _.A.detect German planes on their way to LondonB.direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectivelyC.confuse German bomber pilotsD.both A and B答案:D解析 文章第二段提到在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，英國(guó)人利用無(wú)線電波可以偵查出德國(guó)飛機(jī)的位置，而

33、且那些數(shù)量占多數(shù)的皇家空軍常常會(huì)對(duì)德軍造成一定的困惑，第三段提到那些皇家空軍是由那些無(wú)線電波指控的。故A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)都正確，所以選D。15. The British used radio waves because they _.A.were more, exact than sound wavesB.could not be detectedC.could penetrate fog and cloudsD.were easier to use than sound waves答案:C解析 根據(jù)第二段中They used radio waves instead of sound waves, s

34、ince radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds，故選C。 A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome m

35、echanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads cr

36、ossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build l

37、ines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Centr

38、al Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah

39、. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by movin

40、g raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States. 16. The major problems with Americas railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in _.A.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systemsB.lack of f

41、inancial support for developmentC.limited railroad linesD.lack of a transcontinental railroad答案:A解析 文章第一段提到早期的火車(chē)很不實(shí)用，而且鐵路公司面臨著棘手的技術(shù)問(wèn)題，最嚴(yán)重的是修建能夠承擔(dān)一定重量的鐵路軌道和開(kāi)發(fā)安全有效的停靠系統(tǒng)。A項(xiàng)與文意所述相近，故選A。17. The building of the first transcontinental system _.A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the w

42、estB.attracted many visitors to the construction sitesC.attracted laborers from EuropeD.encouraged people to travel all over the country答案:A解析 根據(jù)文章最后一段The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distrib

43、uting products rapidly to distant markets，可知A為正確選項(xiàng)。18. The best title for this passage would be _.A.Settlements Spread WestwardB.The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital LinkC.American Railroad HistoryD.The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy答案:B解析 文章第一段第一句雖然提到“settlement spread ever farther

44、 westward.”但這不是本文論述的中心，故A錯(cuò)；選D也不合適，因?yàn)樽髡咴诘谌蔚诙淅镎劦氖窃诿绹?guó)起重要作用的transcontinental railway，而不是泛指美國(guó)的鐵路，雖然本文從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了美國(guó)鐵路的歷史，但C項(xiàng)范圍太大，故C也錯(cuò)；第三段點(diǎn)明了文章的主旨，說(shuō)明了這條橫貫美國(guó)的鐵路在開(kāi)發(fā)西部、發(fā)展工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和統(tǒng)一美國(guó)等方面起到了a vital link的作用，故選B。19. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took _.A.9 yearsB.7 yearsC.4 yearsD.3 years答案:D解析 根

45、據(jù)文章第二段敘述可知，1862年國(guó)會(huì)授權(quán)鐵路公司修建鐵路，但實(shí)際上4年之后即1866年才開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工程。1869年完成，故共用了三年時(shí)間。20. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?A.The possibility of government support for such a task.B.The need to explore Utah.C.The need to connect the east coast with the west.D.The need to develop the

46、 railroad industry in the west.答案:D解析 根據(jù)文章最后一段The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets，可知D為正確答案。 I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of t

47、he time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating and I never found a companion so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad than when we stay in our chambers, for solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene bet

48、ween a man and his fellows. The farmer, who can work alone all day without feeling lonesome, but must recreate with others at night, wonders how the student can sit alone at night; he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is actually at work in his field and chopping his wood as th

49、e farmer was in his. Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other; we meet at meals three times a day and give each other a new taste of that musty old cheese that we are; we live thick and are in each others way, and I t

50、hink that we thus lose some respect for one another. We have had to agree on a certain set of roles, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications between men. It would be better if there w

51、ere but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live, for as the value of a man is not in his skin, we need not touch him. 21. A man can be lonely in a crowd because _.A.loneliness doesnt mean being aloneB.man always wants to workC.solitude involves space that intervene between a man and his fel

52、lowsD.loneliness comes from lack of hearty communication答案:D解析 根據(jù)文章第二段中.for solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows，可知孤獨(dú)不是由空間距離造成的，隱含的意思是孤獨(dú)來(lái)自于缺少心靈的溝通，故D為正確答案。22. The author uses the example of the farmer and the student to show that _.A.men need re

53、creation after their workB.men are not lonely when they are workingC.solitude is necessary, for a studentD.people have different conceptions of solitude答案:B解析 文章第三段指出農(nóng)民可以一整天地工作而不會(huì)感到孤單，但他卻很奇怪為什么一個(gè)學(xué)生能夠在晚上一個(gè)人獨(dú)自靜坐，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有意識(shí)到學(xué)生其實(shí)和他一樣，也是在工作，所以他也不會(huì)感到孤單。23. When the author says: Society is commonly too cheap,

54、 he means that _.A.we meet not frequently enoughB.we eat cheap food and live a simple lifeC.our lives are so regularD.people do not have enough hearty communication to realize the value in other people答案:D解析 根據(jù)文章第四段中Society is commonly too cheap: We meet at very short intervals, not haying had time

55、to acquire any new value for each other，故選D。24. The authors opinion on the value of a man is that _.A.it is underestimated by the rules of etiquette and politenessB.it can be discovered through frequent physical contactsC.it can be found in a mans appearanceD.it doesnt lie in physical contact答案:D解析

56、根據(jù)文章最后一句話for as the value of a man is not in his skin, we need not touch him，可知D為正確答案。25. Which of the following is not the authors idea?A.The idea of solitude is embodied differently in a student and a farmer.B.The routine life underlies mans loneliness.C.Etiquette and politeness are rules that mak

57、e frequent meetings tolerable.D.Less frequent meetings can make us more aware of the value of men.答案:B解析 從文章中可知，孤獨(dú)是由于人與人之間很少的交流，但不是日常事務(wù)造成的。因此選B。 A recent study described coal as a bridge to the future. As the most plentiful fossil(化石) fuel in the world, coal has the possibility for filling a growing portion of the demand for energy. But problems cause some trouble to this promising old fuel. Coal is found around the globe, but three countriesthe United States, the Soviet Union and China own nearly two thirds of all known coal reserves. At pr