新高考讀后續(xù)寫寫作方法技巧指導(dǎo)-學(xué)生版

1、學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員姓名： 年 級： 輔導(dǎo)科目： 學(xué)科教師：李東筱 授課日期 授課時段 授課主題讀后續(xù)寫教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握讀后續(xù)寫的常見方法；句式的豐富性在讀后續(xù)寫中的體現(xiàn)；教學(xué)重難點句式的豐富性在讀后續(xù)寫中的體現(xiàn)；教學(xué)內(nèi)容讀后續(xù)寫 寫作過程中，不斷進(jìn)行詞匯的高級替代和句式的升級是提高寫作水平的一個重要途徑。 考綱解讀 考試說明對讀后續(xù)寫題型的表述如下：提供一段350詞以內(nèi)的語言材料，要求考生依據(jù)該材料內(nèi)容、所給段落開頭語和所標(biāo)示關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行續(xù)寫（150詞左右），將其發(fā)展成一篇與給定材料有邏輯銜接、情節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文。因此，考生需要在達(dá)成限制性要求的前提下，展開合理的想象進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，創(chuàng)造性地完成一個故

2、事。高中英語高考考試說明給出的讀后續(xù)寫評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要涵蓋以下四個方面：（1）所給短文及段落開頭語的銜接程度；（2）內(nèi)容的豐富性和對所給關(guān)鍵詞語的覆蓋情況；（3）應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性；（4）上下文的連貫性。第五檔： 21-25第四檔： 16-20第三檔： 11-15第二檔： 6-10第一檔： 1-5知識精講讀后續(xù)寫的閱讀材料一般以350詞以內(nèi)的記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主，偶有少量議論文?？忌诖宋牡暮竺胬m(xù)寫約150詞左右的文字與前文構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。一般來說，記敘文淺顯易懂，但故事情節(jié)多曲折動人，故事線索的邏輯性也較強(qiáng)。要求考生續(xù)寫的部分多是故事發(fā)展的高潮或結(jié)局。情節(jié)曲折跌宕，線索性

3、和邏輯性較強(qiáng)?？忌プ」适碌臄⑹戮€索，依據(jù)原文的寫作思路續(xù)寫文章，并適當(dāng)發(fā)散。寫作要求考生在讀懂原文的基礎(chǔ)上，在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)展開合理的想象，并運用所學(xué)的英語知識完成一篇約150詞左右的續(xù)寫。原文給出10處左右的標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語，所續(xù)寫短文應(yīng)使用5個以上。續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段開頭語已經(jīng)給出?？忌m(xù)寫的部分要有創(chuàng)新性，不是原文的抄寫或胡編亂造，同時，還要帶有原文色彩(必須使用原文5處以上的關(guān)鍵詞語)。讀后續(xù)寫不是隨心所欲地寫，而是要在所給段落開頭和所標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞的幫助下完成續(xù)寫部分(150詞左右)。其中，段落開頭語與傳統(tǒng)寫作中的開頭語類似，在某種程度上引導(dǎo)你的思路向某個方面發(fā)展，所續(xù)寫部分不

4、能脫離各自的段落開頭語另起爐灶，要在其基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行拓展發(fā)揮。讀后續(xù)寫要求讀寫并重，需要考生對給定材料精確理解，這樣所續(xù)寫部分才不至于偏離主題，就這方面而言，讀后續(xù)寫有點類似閱讀理解題中對文章后續(xù)發(fā)展的推斷，如：What would happen next?續(xù)寫部分的思路和內(nèi)容并不一定是唯一的，考生可根據(jù)自己對上文材料的理解，對文章的結(jié)尾做出不同的詮釋。一、讀后續(xù)寫過程中存在的問題：續(xù)寫內(nèi)容與所給短文在敘述意圖上不一致續(xù)寫內(nèi)容與所給短文在相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)上相矛盾續(xù)寫內(nèi)容與所給短文在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上不連貫二、讀后續(xù)寫的具體要求：(一)語言的豐富性詞匯、句式、語法的多樣性句式結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句，復(fù)合句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句等

5、特殊句式的使用情況。語法結(jié)構(gòu)：主被動語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣的使用情況。詞匯選擇：常見初級詞匯、高級詞匯，以及不同詞性的使用情況。修辭手法：比喻、擬人、夸張等修辭格的使用情況。（三）動詞使用的豐富性例：1. Make your “say” more specific.firmly/excitedly/seriously/jokingly/sincerelyin great surprise/a low voice/a soft voicewith delight/excitement/embarrassment/pride/respect/alarm/sat

6、isfaction/caution/ patience/certainty2. Make your narration more vivid with appropriate movement.eyes stare / glare at / look her in the eye / with her eyes shining/ filled with tearsHis eyes sparkle with excitement/ gratitudehandspat him on the shoulder/headgrasp/hold ones handspoint to sb/sth wave

7、 his handsheadnod/shake his head violentlyHe thought for a moment三、續(xù)寫方法1精讀所給閱讀材料，理清文章脈絡(luò)并明確作者的論點，確定文章主旨。2尋求前文與續(xù)寫段段首句之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，站在作者的角度，設(shè)計并發(fā)展情節(jié)，想象要合理，情節(jié)要連貫。3后續(xù)情節(jié)一般為故事的高潮或延續(xù)，是原作者聲音的延續(xù)、態(tài)度的延伸，因此，要盡量符合原文思路，并求得與讀者的心理共鳴，讓讀者回味無窮。4續(xù)寫時心態(tài)要端正，所續(xù)寫內(nèi)容要積極、健康向上，把事物美好的一面展示出來。5利用自己已有的知識和經(jīng)驗，在繼承原作者風(fēng)格和語言基礎(chǔ)之上，準(zhǔn)確、地道地表達(dá)，充分展示語言的

8、表現(xiàn)力。提高關(guān)聯(lián)詞與過渡語的使用率，增強(qiáng)整句表現(xiàn)力。6如果所給短文為議論文，那么議論文中的段落首句多為主題句，觀點鮮明。續(xù)寫時，要圍繞段落分論點確定論證方法，如正反對比、例證等。(一)讀仿遷移續(xù)寫過程中，在遇到語言表達(dá)障礙時，可鼓勵學(xué)生借鑒、使用閱讀材料中出現(xiàn)的詞句。模仿閱讀材料中的詞語句型，表達(dá)自己創(chuàng)造的內(nèi)容。在讀后續(xù)寫題型中仿寫所給短文中的語言結(jié)構(gòu)這一策略是可行的，而且是被提倡的。2016年10月英語高考讀后續(xù)寫作文閱卷老師的反饋，本次高考續(xù)寫作文中涌現(xiàn)了不少仿寫得比較好的句子，成了作文的一個亮點，吸引了老師的目光。例如：仿寫句：The more she thought of her be

9、havior， the more regretful she became.原句：The further she walked， the more confused she became.仿寫句：Never in her life had she missed her husband so much.原句：Never in her life had she tasted anything better.仿寫句：If only she had not left her husband.原句：If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag

10、 with Tom.仿寫句：Jane walked for a long time， hungry and exhausted.原句：Jane rose at the break of day， hungry and thirsty.仿寫句：Feeling extremely frightened， Jane nearly wanted to give up.原句：Feeling stronger now， Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.在上述例子中，考生通過仿寫，嘗試了豐富

11、的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，包括倒裝句、虛擬語氣、形容詞做狀語和非謂語動詞等，不僅較好地完成語言交際功能，而且在一定程度上延續(xù)了閱讀材料的語言特點。1.“改頭換面”型句式遷移該類型是指模仿閱讀材料中的豐富句式，表達(dá)自己創(chuàng)造的內(nèi)容。因此，可以通過仿寫來延續(xù)閱讀材料的語言特點，使得原文和后續(xù)更為融洽。例如，記敘文常用非謂語動詞、倒裝句和動詞串聯(lián)，如下：原句1：Id often gone shopping with my mother， but never had I shopped for anything all by myself.仿寫句1：Out came Bobby Decker.（倒裝句）原句2：For

12、 a few moments I just stood there， confused， holding that ten-dollar bill， wondering what to buy and who to buy it for. 仿寫句2：Unwrapping the gift， he looked very astonished and immediately called his mother to go out.（非謂語動詞）原句3：The nice lady smiled at me， put the coat in a bag and wished me a Merry C

13、hristmas.仿寫句3：I took a deep breath， dashed for his front door， threw the Christmas present down on his step， pounded his doorbell and flew back to the safety of the bushes and Grandma.（動詞串聯(lián)）通過創(chuàng)造性地模仿和使用語言，學(xué)習(xí)者馬上運用新學(xué)到的詞語句式，不僅容易掌握，而且容易產(chǎn)生成就感，增強(qiáng)英語學(xué)習(xí)興趣和動力。我們應(yīng)充分肯定學(xué)生用閱讀材料中的語言來表達(dá)新內(nèi)容。（二）素材遷移可以將平時積累的語言素材原封不動地遷移

14、運用到作文當(dāng)中，它要求學(xué)生在平時閱讀時勤于積累、善于分類。一篇優(yōu)秀的記敘文少不了具體、豐富的細(xì)節(jié)描寫。細(xì)節(jié)描寫是為刻畫人物、表達(dá)中心服務(wù)的，因此，圍繞原文主題來具體描寫就成了人物刻畫的關(guān)鍵。而這恰恰是學(xué)生的續(xù)寫盲區(qū)，描寫性語言顯得蒼白無力。所以，學(xué)生必須堅持積累，一讀到生動具體的細(xì)節(jié)描寫就及時摘記；同時必須合理分類，可以按照描寫種類整理，如肖像描寫、心理描寫、行動描寫、語言描寫和環(huán)境描寫，例如以下摘記：行為描寫：The boys in the class were making animal noises， hitting each other while the girls filed th

15、eir nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasnt happening， and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.心理描寫：My boss， sitting in the back of the room， seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying.其中

16、，心理描寫又可細(xì)分為決心、關(guān)心、輕松、生氣、害怕、悲傷、疲勞等類別，例如以下摘記：All through high school he never missed a practice nor a game even if he remained a benchwarmer.（決心）The news that he had survived the cut thrilled him so much that he rushed to the nearest phone and called his father. （興奮）Swallowing hard， he mumbled to the co

17、ach， “My father died this morning. Is it all right if I miss practice today？”（悲傷）高考連接 (2016浙江卷10月)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。One weekend in July, Jane and her husband, Tom, had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest. Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up an

18、d they started to quarrel. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom，“Im going to find a better spot for us to camp”and walked away.With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for quite a long time. After she had climbed to a high place, she turned around, hoping to s

19、ee the lake. To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snowcapped mountain top. She suddenly realized that she was lost.“Tom！”she cried.“Help！”No reply. If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confuse

20、d she became. As night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night. Lying awake in the dark, Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. She wanted to hold him and tell him how much she loved him.Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thirsty. She could he

21、ar water trickling(滴落) somewhere at a distance. Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. To her great joy,_ she also saw some berry bushes. She drank and ate a few berries. Never in her life had she tasted anything better. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it woul

22、d lead her to the lake.As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above. A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse,_ thinking that she s

23、hould go to an open area and flag them if they came back again.注意：1所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2應(yīng)使用5個以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph 1：But the helicopter didnt come back again, and the day became darker. _Paragraph 2：Jane woke up at the daybreak. _寫作指導(dǎo)步驟1概括已知信息：標(biāo)明核心詞、核心句，

24、梳理語篇內(nèi)容的推進(jìn)方向。故事主線：驅(qū)車野營生嫌隙，迷失山林心焚急；挨餓恐懼度長夜，兩架飛機(jī)失機(jī)會。已知線索：吵架出走迷路失聯(lián)自救思念尋路直升機(jī)飛離步驟2按人物、環(huán)境、情節(jié)動詞等分類劃線詞。KindsUnderlined key words and phrasesCharacterJane, TomActionwalked, climbedPlacelake, streamConcrete Thingshelicopter, yellow blouseAbstractTo her great joy, at a distance步驟3緊扣語境構(gòu)思情節(jié)，分析：1據(jù)第一段開頭“darker”可知，_

25、。2據(jù)第二段開頭“woke up”可知，_。3第二段情節(jié)可能：_?？衫m(xù)寫線索：失望？堅信？曲折？直升機(jī)？Tom？自救？獲救？話題激活詞匯：環(huán)境：forest, stream, rock, berry, valley, steep, cave, lake, waterfall(人口、環(huán)境與自然)困難：hunger，starve，thirsty，injure，broken，blood，panic，shelter，survive(survival)，suffer，cold，severe(天氣與自然災(zāi)害)活動：walk，climb，fall，crawl，taste，attempt，struggle t

26、o ones feet，make ones way to，pick up(人體與動作)情緒：to ones great joy, break down救援：rescue team, doctor, search for, spot(天氣與自然災(zāi)害)意志品質(zhì)：calm, courage, will(性格與行為特征)評價：amazing, make it步驟4初稿(分析原文寫作風(fēng)格，特殊語法結(jié)構(gòu)有時間狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、賓語從句、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語、直接引語、虛擬語氣、倒裝、疑問句、感嘆句和介詞短語等)。步驟5 核查字?jǐn)?shù)、下劃線標(biāo)明原文給出的5個以上關(guān)鍵詞語、連接詞、標(biāo)點、語法錯誤等

27、。One possible version：Paragraph 1：But the helicopter didnt come back again, and the day became darker. Jane was so tired, hungry, and extremely frightened. She thought to herself，“If only I had not quarreled with Tom. Where is Tom? He must have made the emergency call. What indeed is enough courage.

28、 If I continue my spirits tomorrow, I will be likely to guide the helicopter”Lying beside the stream,_she fell asleep very soon. Suddenly, she heard the shouts of tigers, which made her scared to death. After she held her breath for a few minutes, everything was quiet again. In the terrible darkness

29、, she slept again. Paragraph 2：Jane woke up at the daybreak. She caught sight of a fisherman at_a_distance,_with whose help she climbed to an open area._To_her_great_joy,_ a helicopter flew overhead just at that moment. The fisherman helped flag her yellow_blouse wildly. This did catch the rescuers

30、attention! Jane was rescued. Seeing Tom, she told him how much she missed him. Never would they be away from each other. Tom gave her the warmest and longest hug she had ever received. People around smiled with satisfaction. (一)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。From the first day he entered my classroom

31、, Willard P. Frank existed in his own world, shutting out his classmates and me. My attempts at building a friendly relationship with him were met with complete indifference. I could see that his classmates fared no better. Willard was strictly a loner who seemed to have no desire or need to break h

32、is silenceShortly after the Thanksgiving holiday, we received word of the annual Christmas collection of money for the less fortunate people in our school district.“Christmas is a season of giving，”I told my students. “There are a few students in the school who might not have a happy holiday season.

33、 By contributing to our Christmas collection, you will help buy food, clothing and toys for these needy people. We will start the collection tomorrow.”When I called for the contributions the next day, I discovered that almost everyone had forgotten except for Willard P. Frank. The boy dug deep into

34、his pants pockets as he walked slowly to my desk. Carefully, he dropped two quarters into the small container.“I dont need milk for lunch，” he mumbled. For a moment, just a moment, he smiled. Then he turned and walked back to his desk.That night, after school, I took our few contributions to the sch

35、ool principal. I couldnt help sharing the incident that had taken place.“I may be wrong, but I believe Willard might be getting ready to become a part of the world around him，” I told the principal.“Yes.” he nodded.“And we might do well to have him share a bit of his world with us. I just received a

36、 list of the poor families in our school who most need help through the Christmas collection. Here, take a look at it.”As I gazed down to read, I discovered Willard P. Frank and his family were the top names on the list. Seeing this, I decided to do something for him注意：1所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2應(yīng)使用5個以上短文中標(biāo)有

37、下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph 1：On that Sunday, I paid a visit to Willards family._Paragraph 2: The next day, I had a special class for Willard._One possible version：Paragraph 1： On that Sunday, I paid a visit to Willards family. On entering his house, I was surpri

38、sed to find a barely empty room with only a broken bed and a dirty second hand sofa. Willard told me that his mother died a few years ago and that his father was missed, leaving him to live with a sick grandma. When asked why he had given the two quarters,_Willard mumbled,_“There are people poorer t

39、han me, so I just want to do some help by contributing my milk money.” Hearing his words, I couldnt help bursting into tears. I thought I should help him break his silence.Paragraph 2：The next day, I had a special class for Willard. I shared his story with the whole class and said “Now, on behalf of

40、 the people in need, I should say thank you Willard, you are great！”. After a silence, all the students clapped, saying “Willard, you are great! Willard, you are great！” and They walked slowly to him and hugged him tightly. A friend relationship was built and Willards silence was broken by a smile o

41、n his face.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。(二)Cody and his sister April decide they want to have a pet dog.They head down to the local pet_store and have a look around.It is a very small pet store that does not have many animals.The owner of the shop is a nice old man named Mr.Smith.He walks over and

42、greets Cody and April.“How can I help you？” he asks.“We would like to buy a dog，” April responds.“Ah，well，we are not a big pet shop，”Mr.Smith tells her.“So we only have two dogs to choose from.”They ask Mr.Smith to show them the dogs.Mr.Smith leads them to the back of the store where the two dogs ar

43、e.One of them is a very big Bulldog named Buster.It looks strong and fierce.The other is a very tiny Chihuahua named Teacup.It looks cute and lovely.April wants Teacup the Chihuahua，while Cody wants Buster the Bulldog.To make a decision，they walk outside to discuss.Even after they have a discussion，

44、they cannot agree on a dog.April suggests they race home for it.The winner of the race will choose the dog.Cody agrees.Before the race starts，Cody tells April that her shoelace is untied.When April looks down，he runs off and gets a head start.Cody runs as hard as he can.He really wants that Bulldog

45、as a pet.He looks back.April is so far behind he cannot even see her.Cody finally gets home.He is tired but he is happy.He knows he is the winner.注意：1所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2應(yīng)使用5個以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph 1：April arrives a few minutes after Cody._Paragraph 2：Mr

46、.Smith tells them the details._ _ _ (三)Once upon a time there lived a king in southern India named Sri Rana Charya.He was very curious to know about his country.One day he called out a group of officers and said，“Go，and find how the people of my country_are and bring the person who knows about the_secret_of_workBut one condition，any person you meet，he should not know that I