2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一語法基礎(chǔ)考點六動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（含解析）

1、學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精考點六動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)限時25分鐘一、單句語法填空1as is known to all, the sun _ （rise) in the east and _ （set） in the west day after day答案：rises; sets句意：眾所周知，太陽東升西落,日復(fù)一日.表示客觀事實、客觀規(guī)律要用一般現(xiàn)在時。2tom _ （cry） again and again and we cant bear him anymore答案：is crying句意：tom一直在哭泣，我們再也忍受不了他。進(jìn)行時與某些副詞連用可表示說話人的一種強烈的感情，如厭惡、欣賞

2、、欽佩等。3it has been three years since we _ (come） here答案：came句意:自從我們來到這兒已經(jīng)三年了.since含有一般過去時的句子/表過去的時間點，主句或句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時。4by the time he was nine， tom _ (master） a foreign language答案：had mastered句意：到九歲時,湯姆已經(jīng)精通了一門外語。by the time表示“到的時候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，如果從句用一般過去時，主句要用過去完成時。5it is the first time that i _ （go) abroad

3、答案：have gone句意：這是我第一次出國。“that/this/it is the first/second/third time （that) ”句型中，從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時。6more than one customer _ (express） their dissatisfaction with the service of the restaurant so far答案：has expressed句意:到目前為止，不止一個顧客表達(dá)了他們對那家餐廳服務(wù)的不滿.根據(jù)時間狀語“so far”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時；“more than one 單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。7p

4、ut your finger into the water if it _ (feel) too hot， pour some cold water in it答案：feels句意：把你的手指放進(jìn)水里.如果水太熱，就往里面倒一些冷水。感官動詞feel不使用被動語態(tài)，用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義.此處描述一般事實，故句子用一般現(xiàn)在時。8look at the timetable hurry up！ flight 9031 to changsha _ (take) off at 7:30答案：takes事物名詞作主語時,表示按時間表計劃發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。9did you meet da

5、vid at the meeting yesterday？-yes when i arrived, he _ (leave)答案:was leaving句意：-昨天開會時你遇到戴維了嗎?-是的，我到那兒時,他正準(zhǔn)備離開.根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去即將發(fā)生的動作,故答案為was leaving。10jim _ (watch） a late.night film at home when， right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank答案:was watching“be doing when ”

6、是固定句式,意為“正在做某事，(這時）突然”；再結(jié)合went blank可知，主句應(yīng)使用過去進(jìn)行時，故填was watching。11by now 516 confucius institutes _ (found） in 142 countries and regions, according to the confucius institute headquarters答案：have been founded句意：根據(jù)孔子學(xué)院總部的統(tǒng)計，到現(xiàn)在為止，全世界142個國家和地區(qū)已經(jīng)建立了516所孔子學(xué)院。主語“516 confucius institutes和“found之間是被動關(guān)系，該句應(yīng)

7、用被動語態(tài)。且“by now”作時間狀語，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填have been founded. 12he must have sensed that i _ （look) at him he suddenly glanced at me and said quietly， “why are you staring at me like that?”答案：was looking句意：他一定是覺察到了我正在看著他。他突然瞥了我一眼，輕聲說：“你為什么那樣盯著我看？”根據(jù)句意及glanced at和said可知，句子應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。13usually beijing roast duck _

8、 (serve） together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce答案：is served句意:通常北京烤鴨配上特制的薄煎餅、青蔥和甜醬.說的是一般情況，所以句子用一般現(xiàn)在時;由句意可知，此處用被動語態(tài)，主語是beijing roast duck，為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填is served。14bob， how is your project? i heard you started it last friday, right？oh, i _ （prepare) for it but i havent decided when

9、 to do it答案：have been preparing句意：bob，你的項目怎么樣了？我聽說你上周五就開始了，是嗎？-哦!我一直在做準(zhǔn)備,但還沒有決定好什么時候開始做。根據(jù)答語的最后一句及問話中的“started it last friday”可知，“我”一直在做準(zhǔn)備,句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。故填have been preparing。15never throughout history has a man who _ (live) a life of ease left a name worth remembering答案:lived句意：歷史上從來沒有人過著安逸的生活而留名青史。此

10、處在敘述過去發(fā)生的動作，故用一般過去時。 16face the problem bravely and you _ （find） a new way to success答案：will find句意:勇敢地面對這個問題，你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個通向成功的新方法?！捌硎咕鋋nd/or陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，陳述句常用一般將來時. 17various efforts _ （make) in the past decades to protect the environment答案:have been made句意：在過去的幾十年里,為保護(hù)環(huán)境人們做出了各種努力。根據(jù)“in the past decades”可知，句

11、子用現(xiàn)在完成時；efforts是句子的主語，為復(fù)數(shù)形式,和謂語動詞make之間是被動關(guān)系，所以此處用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。18the guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they _ (encounter) difficulties答案：encountered句意：指導(dǎo)老師是他們的導(dǎo)師，當(dāng)他們遇到困難時，給他們提供建議和解決方案。由was可知用一般過去時，且encounter是及物動詞，故填encountered。19i think ana _ （finish） her

12、 packing since she started getting things ready early this morning答案:has finished句意：安娜自從大清早就開始準(zhǔn)備，我想她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)收拾好了行李。此處since表示“自從”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,由句意可知主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。 20youll recognize me when you get out of the station i _ (wear） jeans and a white t。shirt答案:will be wearing句意：你出站的時候，就會認(rèn)出我來，我將穿一條牛仔褲和一件白t恤衫.由句意可知wear表示

13、的動作發(fā)生在將來某一刻，故填will be wearing.21after college， he was employed in teaching in a middle school and _ （work) there ever since答案：has worked句意:大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他在一所中學(xué)教書，從那以后就一直在那里工作。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語“ever since(自從,從那時到現(xiàn)在）”可知，本句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。22i had intended to take you to the football match this morning， but i couldnt spare any

14、 time, i _ （write） a report答案:was writing句意：今天早上我本打算帶你去看足球賽的，但我抽不出任何時間,我在寫一份報告.根據(jù)“i had intended to take you to the football match this morning, but i couldnt spare any time”可知，此處指那個時間“我正在寫一份報告,故用過去進(jìn)行時.23they say at the end of your life, you regret the stuff you didnt do more than the stuff that you

15、 _ (do)答案:did句意：他們說，在生命即將結(jié)束時,相對于做過的事，你會更加后悔那些沒有做過的事。根據(jù)后面的比較級找到并列結(jié)構(gòu),即可判斷使用did。24i _ (make） up my mind what i was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled答案：had made句意：我已經(jīng)決定了在研討會上要說什么，但是，研討會被取消了.“make up ones mind”這個行為發(fā)生在研討會被取消之前，根據(jù)“it was cancelled可知，研討會被取消是過去的事情,故該句應(yīng)用過去完成時。 25just an hour a

16、go he told me on the phone that he _ （come） home right after his work 答案：would come句意：就在一個小時前，他在電話里告訴我，他下班后馬上回家。根據(jù)句意可知，一小時前他說下班后回家，表示從過去某個時間點看將要發(fā)生的動作，要用過去將來時。二、單句改錯1how time flies！ we will be graduated this june!_答案:be graduatedgraduategraduate “畢業(yè)”，是不及物動詞,不能用被動語態(tài)。2we give mom a warm welcome when sh

17、e arrives here _答案：we后加will主句使用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時.3we brought about 1，000 books and 5， 000 yuan to the school, which donated by the teachers and students in our school _答案：which后加were先行詞which指代主句中的1，000 books和5,000 yuan，與donate之間為被動關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)。4nevertheless， my later experience proves that practic

18、ing calligraphy was both necessary and beneficial _答案:provesproved根據(jù)后面的was可知,發(fā)生在過去的事情,故將proves改為proved。5after we seated at the table， she suddenly felt a pain in her stomach _答案：we后加were句意：我們坐在桌子旁后，她突然感到胃疼.句中we和seat之間存在被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)后面的felt可知，從句用一般過去時。6successful people imagine what their life shoul

19、d be like and sets lots of goals _答案：setssetset與前面的imagine屬于并列謂語，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，且本句的主語是people，故將sets改為set。7it is no wonder that you have made such great progress in your chinese study because you had always been working hard _答案：hadhave結(jié)合前面的“have made such great progress”可知，你已經(jīng)取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，說明你一直在努力地學(xué)習(xí)，并且有可能繼續(xù)

20、努力學(xué)習(xí)，故使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時.8my cell phone doesnt work it is repaired at the shop_答案:repaired前加being此處表示手機正在商店里(被）修理，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)，故用is being repaired。9it is the sixth time that our government raised loan interest rates on purpose to cool housing prices_答案：raised前加has句意：這是我們的政府第六次有意提高貸款利率來遏制房價。在固定句型“it is 序數(shù)詞tim

21、e that ”中，that后的從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。10fools will learn nothing from wise men， but wise men learn much from fools_答案:去掉will題干中所敘述的是客觀真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。11by the time he realizes he walked into a trap， itll be too late for him to do anything about it_答案：walked前加has句意：在他意識到自己已經(jīng)走進(jìn)圈套時，對他來說，已無能為力了。根據(jù)句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時。12neither th

22、e old lady nor her cats stepped out of the house since her husband passed away last month_答案：stepped前加have句意：自從上個月那個老婦人的丈夫去世后,她和她的貓就沒有出過屋子。根據(jù)就近原則，本句謂語動詞應(yīng)與her cats保持一致，用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由后面的since從句可知，主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。13i call the station and they tell me the next train to dalian will leave at 3：10_答案：will leaveleaves事物

23、名詞作主語且表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。14stored goods have a fixed price, but how to measure the discount hasnt decided yet_答案：decided前加been主語how to measure the discount與動詞decide之間為被動關(guān)系，且由yet可知,此處指截止到說話時間為止的動作,故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。15how can i make sure my feet arent smelt, dr li?_答案：arent smeltdont smellsmell “有難聞

24、的氣味”，是不及物動詞，無被動語態(tài).動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(一)常考的各種時態(tài)的主動和被動語態(tài)（以do為例)時態(tài)種類主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesis/am/are done一般過去時didwas/were done一般將來時will/shall dowill/shall be done過去將來時would dowould be done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時is/am/are doingis/am/are being done續(xù)表時態(tài)種類主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時was/were doingwas/were being done現(xiàn)在完成時has/have donehas/have been done

25、過去完成時had donehad been done一、一般現(xiàn)在時1表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。2表示客觀真理和客觀存在及自然現(xiàn)象。3表示按時間表、計劃、規(guī)定發(fā)生的動作。4在時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作.i usually have my hair cut once a monththe earth moves around the sunthe train leaves at 2：30 this afternoonyou will succeed if you try your best二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài).2某些短暫性

26、動詞，如：come, go, start， arrive， return， begin, leave等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作.3某些動詞的進(jìn)行時表示逐漸地發(fā)生變化的過程。my friend is_waiting_for me outside nowhe is_leaving_for beijing next weekshe is_losing her eyesight三、現(xiàn)在完成時1表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，常用recently， lately， ever, never， once， before, yet， just， so far， since the

27、n, up to now, in the last/past few days/years等作狀語.2“this/that/it isthe序數(shù)詞timethat 句式中，that后的從句用現(xiàn)在完成時.this_is the second time that i have_visited the university四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示開始于過去某個時間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動作，它具備“未完成性、感情色彩”等特點。i am very tired i have_been_painting the house all the afternoon五、一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)

28、生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),或過去某段時間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常用yesterday， last year, in 1995, the other day等作時間狀語.he came to work here two weeks ago-your telephone number again？ i didnt quite catch itits 12345876六、過去完成時1表示在過去某一時間或過去某一動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。 by the end of last term, we had_learned 2,000 words he had_left before i got

29、 home2hope, expect, think, intend, want， suppose等用于過去完成時，表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，意為“原本.we had_expected that you would be able to win the match3“it/this/that wasthe序數(shù)詞timethat ”句式中,that引導(dǎo)的從句用過去完成時。it_was the second time that she had_visited london4“hardly/scarcely when ”和“no sooner than 結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過去完成時。 hardly h

30、ad the game started when it started to rain限時25分鐘一、單句語法填空1(2018全國卷)while running regularly cant make you live forever， the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking， cycling or swimming答案：is根據(jù)空白處前面的“cant make”和“says可知，此處講述的是客觀事實，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填is。2（2019成都市高中畢業(yè)班摸底)i went home,

31、 opened the door and _ （walk） into the dark house答案：walked由前面的“went”“opened可知，此處用動詞的過去式.3（2018全國卷)true to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _ （mean） me no real harm he was just saying：“im king of this forest， and here is your reminder！”答案：meant結(jié)合后面的“was just saying”可知，謂語動詞用過去式。4(2018北京

32、高考）chinas high。speed railways _ （grow） from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years答案：have grown句意：在過去的幾年里，中國高鐵的里程已經(jīng)從9，000公里上升到25,000公里了.根據(jù)時間狀語“in the past few years可知，本句使用現(xiàn)在完成時.5(2019廣東中山一中高三統(tǒng)測）the news came as no surprise to me i _ (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut d

33、own答案:had known句意：這個消息對我來說一點都不驚訝.對于這個工廠將要倒閉，我已經(jīng)知道一段時間了。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處所填動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在was going to shut down之前，故該句使用過去完成時。 6（2018北京高考）hi， im peter are you new here? i havent seen you around-hello, peter im bob i just _ （start) on monday答案：started句意：你好，我是彼得.你是新來的嗎?我沒有見過你。-您好,彼得。我是鮑勃。我周一剛剛來的。分析語境，此處說話人談?wù)撨^去的事情，

34、即周一才開始的，有具體的過去時間，所以謂語動詞用一般過去時。7（2018北京高考)a rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ (trap) in the mountains for two days答案：had been trapped句意:一個救援者冒著生命危險拯救了兩個已經(jīng)被困在大山里兩天的游客.分析句子,主句的謂語risked是一般過去時，trap “困”應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在risked之前的動作，故使用過去完成時；同時這些游客是被困在大山里，故使用被動語態(tài)。 8(2018天津高考)my washing machine _

35、(repair) this week, so i have to wash my clothes by hand答案:is being repaired句意：這周我的洗衣機正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根據(jù)后句“so i have to wash my clothes by hand”可知，洗衣機正在修，且washing machine與repair之間為被動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。 9（2018江蘇高考)i was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ （carry) out in the p

36、ast two years答案：had been carried句意:上個月我被派到村里去看看在過去的兩年里發(fā)展計劃是如何被執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時間狀語“l(fā)ast month和“in the past two years”可知用過去完成時，又因plan與carry out之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。10（2019陜西省部分學(xué)校第一學(xué)期摸底)last weekend, i went outdoors and soon _ （find） a deeper appreciation for this season答案：found根據(jù)last weekend可知本句用一般過去時。11（2017北京高考)

37、_ （do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?yes they are happy with it答案:did句意：你昨天給那家公司打電話詢問他們對我們的產(chǎn)品的看法了嗎?-打了，他們很滿意。根據(jù)時間狀語yesterday可知，謂語動詞要用一般過去時，所以要用助動詞do的過去式did。12(2017天津高考)i _ （drive） down to london when i suddenly found that i was on the wrong road答案：was driving句意

38、:我正在開車前往倫敦的路上，這時突然發(fā)現(xiàn)我走錯路了。根據(jù)句意可知，本句是“be doing when ”句式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“正在做這時突然”。根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞found可知，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。13（2017北京高考)people _ （have) better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result答案：have句意：相比以前,人們(現(xiàn)在)能得到更好的醫(yī)療保健,因此他們更長壽了。根據(jù)題干中的than they used to可知,這是在比較過去和現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)療狀況,所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在

39、時。14(2017江蘇高考）hes been informed that he _ （not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background答案:doesnt qualify句意:他被告知由于他的學(xué)術(shù)背景，他沒有資格獲得獎學(xué)金。根據(jù)語境可知，賓語從句中所陳述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。15(2017天津高考)nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming， _ （regard) as one of the best all。round forms of ex

40、ercise答案：is regarded句意：如今，與慢跑和游泳一起，騎自行車被視為最好的、全面的運動形式之一。設(shè)空處是句子的謂語動詞,與主語之間是動賓關(guān)系。句子的主語只是cycling，謂語動詞要用單數(shù).根據(jù)時間狀語nowadays可知時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時。16(2017江蘇高考）he hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _ (follow)答案：was being followed句意:他匆忙往家趕，從未回頭看看是否有人跟著他.由語境可知，he和follow之間存在被動關(guān)系，此處表示當(dāng)時正在被跟蹤，從句中主語為he,故填was

41、being followed。17(2017北京高考）in the 1950s in the usa， most families had just one phone at home， and wireless phones _ (invent） yet答案:hadnt been invented句意：在20世紀(jì)50年代的美國，大多數(shù)家庭家中只有一部電話，而且無線電話還沒有被發(fā)明出來。設(shè)空處是句子的謂語動詞，與主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，且動作發(fā)生在had之前，表“過去的過去”，故要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài).18(2016全國卷)truly elegant chopsticks might _ （ma

42、ke) of gold and silver with chinese characters答案：be made句意：真正精美的筷子可能是由金和銀制成的，上面帶有中國漢字。make和chopsticks之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，空格前有might，所以用be made。19（2016四川高考)the giant panda _ （love) by people throughout the world答案:is loved句意：大熊貓被全世界人民所喜愛.主語the giant panda和動詞love之間為被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài).20(2016浙江高考)silk _

43、（become) one of the primary goods traded along the silk road by about 100 bc答案：had become句意：到大約公元前100年為止，絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一?！癰y about 100 bc”是時間狀語，這里強調(diào)到大約公元前100年為止，所以句子應(yīng)用過去完成時。21(2019浙江杭州模擬)over the years i _ （teach） kids about a simple but powerful conceptthe ant philosophy 答案：have been teaching句

44、意：多年來，我一直教給孩子們關(guān)于一種簡單但是強有力的概念-螞蟻哲學(xué).結(jié)合前面的時間狀語“over the years可知,此處表示作者一直從事著的工作，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去，故句子使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。22(2018河南中原名校模擬）so many times i _ (experience） that showing kindness in public places spreads like wildfire答案：have experienced句意：很多次我都感受到在公共場合的行善行為會傳播很快。根據(jù)so many times可知，設(shè)空處句子需要用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語為i，故答案為have ex

45、perienced.23（2018全國卷)since 2011， the country _ （grow) more corn than rice答案:has grown由since可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。24（2018北京高考）susan had quit her well.paid job and _ (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when i visited her last year答案：was working句意：當(dāng)我去年拜訪她的時候，蘇珊辭掉了薪資優(yōu)厚的工作并且正在社區(qū)擔(dān)任志愿者。因為拜訪這一動作發(fā)生在過去而那時蘇珊正在做社

46、區(qū)志愿者，故用過去進(jìn)行時.25(2019福建莆田二十四中調(diào)研）in the past 500 years, 45 percent of languages _ （die) out答案：have died根據(jù)前面的“in the past時間段”可知，本句使用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填have died。二、單句改錯1（2018全國卷）i didnt realize how right my parents are until i entered high school_答案：arewere根據(jù)前后時態(tài)一致性和全文描述過去的事情可知，應(yīng)將are改為were。2(2018全國卷）during my seco

47、nd year at the city college， i told that the education department was offering a “free” course， called thinking chess， for three credits_答案：told前加was根據(jù)語意可知,此處表示“我”被告知，同時結(jié)合“was offering和前面的時間狀語“during my second year at the city college”可知，使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故told前加was.3（2018全國卷)i found the pre.holidays a g

48、ood time to encourage young children to donate less。used things, and it works_答案：worksworkedand連接的是并列句，結(jié)合前面的found可知，使用一般過去時。4（2018北京高考)anger seems simple when we were feeling it, but the causes of anger are various_答案:wereare根據(jù)前面的seems和but分句中的謂語are可知，此處描述現(xiàn)在的情況，故將were改為are.5(2018天津高考)the global popul

49、ation expected to grow to 96 billion by 2050， and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels_答案：expected前加is預(yù)計全球人口在2050年前達(dá)到96億，主語“the global population是被預(yù)計的對象，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；同時population是單數(shù),故expected前加is。6(2018浙江高考)in america the demand for oil had grown by 22 percent since 1990_答案：hadhas根據(jù)后面的“since 1990”可知，前面的謂語動詞應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完