試論纖維材料在工程混凝土中的運用中英文互譯

1、 試論纖維材料在工程混凝土中的運用中英文互譯try to talk about fiber concrete material in engineering application of translation in both chinese and english 長期以來，我國各類工程建設(shè)項目的施工，多數(shù)采用了混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，但作為一種容易開裂、強度較低、收縮性較大的脆性材料，普通混凝土的使用受施工工藝、場地溫度、結(jié)構(gòu)荷載、養(yǎng)護(hù)方法、空氣濕度等多種因素影響，施工結(jié)構(gòu)上通常會留有不同程度、不同性質(zhì)的裂縫，不僅破壞了工程結(jié)構(gòu)的外觀質(zhì)量，同時也將埋下一定的安全隱患，或直接引發(fā)工程事故。對此，鋼纖維、

2、人工合成纖維、玄武巖纖維等纖維材料的應(yīng)用，能夠根據(jù)設(shè)計、施工要求的不同加以選擇，并通過綜合使用混凝土材料，能夠直接控制、有效改善施工混凝土的化學(xué)、力學(xué)性能，進(jìn)而提高項目的施工質(zhì)量。以下，本文就幾種較為常用的纖維材料在工程混凝土中的運用作簡要的分析、探討。long-term since, our country construction of all kinds of engineering construction projects, most of the concrete structure is adopted, but as a kind of easy cracking, low s

3、trength, shrinkage is larger of brittle material, the use of ordinary concrete construction craft, ground temperature, load structure, curing method, air humidity and other factors, construction structure usually have different degree, different nature of the cracks, not only damage the appearance q

4、uality of engineering structure, at the same time will also be buried under a certain security hidden danger, or directly lead to engineering accident. , steel fiber, synthetic fiber, basalt fiber and other fiber materials applications, can be selected according to different design and construction

5、requirements, and through the integrated use of concrete material, to be able to directly control, effectively improve the chemical and mechanical properties of concrete construction, and improve the construction quality of the project. here, in this paper, several kinds of commonly used ones are fi

6、ber concrete material in engineering application of a brief analysis and discussion. 1 鋼纖維材料的運用1 the use of the steel fiber materials 目前，在我國各類工程項目的混凝土施工中，鋼纖維材料的應(yīng)用最早、最廣，相較于幾種人工合成的纖維產(chǎn)品，鋼纖維材料有著良好的彈性模量、結(jié)構(gòu)密度，而隨著我國技術(shù)水平的快速提升，鋼纖維材料的外形已由以往的較為常用的長直形發(fā)展為彎鉤形、壓痕形、波浪形等，而就截面形狀來看，也陸續(xù)推出了不規(guī)則形、矩形、月牙形等。此外，根據(jù)生產(chǎn)工藝的不同，可將鋼纖

7、維產(chǎn)品大致分為冷拔鋼絲纖維、剪切鋼纖維、熔斷鋼纖維、銑削鋼纖維等，相較于常規(guī)混凝土材料，鋼纖維材料的運用能夠有效改善、提高施工結(jié)構(gòu)的耐久性、各項物理力學(xué)特性，進(jìn)一步加大了工程混凝土的重量比與質(zhì)量強度，而在抗拉、抗剪、抗彎曲強度方面，分別提高了25%至50%、50%至100%、40%至80%。由此可見，鋼纖維混凝土材料具有一定的耐磨性、整體性、耐腐蝕性、耐熱性、抗裂性、耐凍融性，同時降低了7%到9%左右的收縮值，適用于公路、橋梁的路面施工，可利用噴射機械、壓力泵實施具體的生產(chǎn)操作，不但能夠大幅降低模板的使用量，也顯著提高了施工效率。at present, in our country each

8、kind of concrete construction of the project, the earliest and most widely used steel fiber materials, compared with several kinds of synthetic fiber products, steel fiber material has a good structure of elastic modulus, density, and along with the technology level of rapid ascension, the shape of

9、steel fiber has long straight by ever more common development as the bent hook, indentation, wavy etc., and cross section shape, also introduced the irregular shape, rectangular, crescent-shaped, etc. in addition, according to different production process, the steel fiber products generally can be d

10、ivided into cold drawn steel fiber and cutting steel fiber, fusing milling steel fiber, steel fiber, etc., compared with the conventional concrete materials, the use of steel fiber can effectively improve, improve the construction of the durability of the structure, the physical and mechanical chara

11、cteristics, further increasing the weight ratio and quality of concrete strength, the tensile, shear, bending strength, were increased by 25% to 50%, 25% and 25%, 40% to 80%. thus, steel fiber concrete material has a certain wear resistance, integrity, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, crack re

12、sistance, freeze-thaw resistance, and at the same time was reduced by 7% to about 9% of contract value, suitable for roads, bridges, road construction, injection machinery, pressure pump available implementation of specific production operations, not only can greatly reduce the use of templates, and

13、 improve the construction efficiency. 值得注意的是，鋼纖維混凝土的生產(chǎn)成本較高，同時由于這種產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)密度較大，進(jìn)而增加了混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的自重，而在具體的配制過程中，倘若摻入了大量的鋼纖維材料，則極易造成工程混凝土出現(xiàn)散絲結(jié)團(tuán)。施工過程中，混凝土的外表面若存有外露鋼纖維，在后期的養(yǎng)護(hù)過程中將發(fā)生銹蝕，最終影響到施工結(jié)構(gòu)的外觀質(zhì)量、耐久性。it is important to note that the production cost of steel fiber reinforced concrete is higher, at the same time a

14、s the density of the structure of this product is bigger, then increase the unit weight of concrete structure, and in the preparation process of concrete, if mixed with a large number of steel fiber, concrete is easy to cause project of the wire. construction process, if the outer surface of the con

15、crete being exposed steel fiber, will happen late in the curing process of rust, ultimately affect the appearance quality and durability of the construction structure. 2 玄武巖纖維材料的運用2 the use of the basalt fiber 作為一種天然的無機纖維，玄武巖纖維材料的運用，主要是通過礦物開采來提取玄武巖原料，以高溫加工的方式將其融化，最后利用拉絲技術(shù)制備而成，也可將其視為一種硅酸鹽纖維，而就這種材料本身的

16、物理力學(xué)性能來看，相較于市場面上的幾種人工合成纖維產(chǎn)品，bf纖維材料在極限應(yīng)變率、彈性模量、抗拉強度等多個方面有著絕對優(yōu)勢，而相較于同類的硅酸鹽纖維，玄武巖纖維材料能夠與水泥充分融合，并有著極強的耐堿性。目前，對于玄武巖纖維在工程混凝土中的運用，國內(nèi)有關(guān)的專家、學(xué)者存有些許爭議，其主要集中體現(xiàn)在bf纖維混凝土的物理力學(xué)特性方面，一些人人為玄武巖纖維材料的摻入，將影響、降低混凝土原有的力學(xué)性能。此外，由于玄武巖纖維材料本身的成分波動較大、熔點較高，從而對混凝土施工的技術(shù)水平、工藝方法提出了新的要求，同時在具體的生產(chǎn)操作中也將消耗大量的能源、投資。然而，可以肯定的是玄武巖纖維的運用，能夠大幅提高工

17、程混凝土的抗沖擊性、抗裂性、抗腐蝕性，對于一些防洪、水利水電、橋梁以及耐磨部位的混凝土施工尤為適用。as a kind of natural inorganic fiber, basalt fiber, mainly through mining to extract basalt mineral raw material, melt it in the form of high temperature processing, preparation, and finally using wire drawing technology also can regard it as a kind

18、of silicate fibre, and for physical and mechanical properties of the material itself, compared to market several synthetic fibers on the surface of the product, bf fiber materials in the limit strain rate, elastic modulus, tensile strength and so on several aspects has the absolute advantage, and co

19、mpared with the same kind of silicate fiber, basalt fiber materials can fully mix with cement, and has strong alkali resistance. at present, for basalt fiber in engineering application of concrete, the relevant domestic experts and scholars have a bit of controversy, mainly concentrated in bf physic

20、al and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete, some all for basalt fiber, the mixed material, will influence, to reduce the original mechanical properties of concrete. in addition, because of the basalt fiber composition of the volatile, high melting point, thus of concrete construction

21、technology level, the process method is put forward new requirements, at the same time in the production of concrete operation will consume large amounts of energy and investment. to be sure, however, the use of the basalt fiber, can significantly improve the impact resistance of concrete, crack res

22、istance, corrosion resistance, for some of the flood control, water conservancy and hydropower, bridges and wear-resistant parts of the concrete construction is particularly applicable. 3 人工合成纖維材料的運用the use of the three synthetic fiber materials （一）聚丙烯纖維材料：(1) material: polypropylene fiber 在我國各類工程建設(shè)

23、項目的混凝土施工中，人工合成纖維材料的研制與運用緊隨鋼纖維之后，其中屬聚丙烯纖維開發(fā)時間最早。作為一種人工合成材料，聚丙烯纖維的生產(chǎn)加工一般采用的是共聚物、丙烯聚合物，就產(chǎn)品性質(zhì)來看，也可將其稱為杜拉纖維，雖然此種材料的彈性模量較低、與水泥材料的粘結(jié)性較差，但憑借其良好的抗拉強度與抗堿性、低廉的加工成本、較高的極限延展率、多樣化的原材料以及快捷、簡便的施工，在國內(nèi)水庫溢洪道、泄洪壩段抗沖磨部位、水庫溢洪道等工程、部位的混凝土施工中得到了推廣與應(yīng)用。值得注意的是，聚丙烯纖維在工程混凝土中的運用，雖然能夠在一定程度上提高施工結(jié)構(gòu)的抗裂性能，但由于聚丙烯纖維材料在紫外線、高溫、氧氣中將加速老化，或改

24、變原有的化學(xué)特性、物理性能，從而逐漸被一些新型纖維產(chǎn)品所代替。in concrete construction of all kinds of engineering construction projects in our country, the development of synthetic fiber and application after steel fiber, which belongs to the polypropylene fiber development at the earliest time. as a kind of synthetic material,

25、polypropylene fiber production and processing of the general use of copolymer, acrylic polymer, is in the nature of the product, also can be called dura fiber, although this kind of material of low elastic modulus, cohesive to the cement material is bad, but because of its good tensile strength and

26、alkali resistance, low processing cost, high limit extension rate, diversification of raw materials as well as the fast, easy construction, in the domestic reservoir spillway, spillway dam section on the grinding parts and reservoir spillway and other projects, parts of the promotion and application

27、 in the concrete construction. it is important to note that the application of polypropylene fiber concrete in engineering, although can to a certain extent, improve anti-cracking performance of construction structure, but as a result of polypropylene fibre material in ultraviolet ray, high temperat

28、ure, oxygen, accelerated aging, or change the original chemical properties, physical properties, thus gradually replaced by some new fiber products. （二）聚丙烯腈纖維材料：polyacrylonitrile fiber (2) : 聚丙烯腈(pan)纖維又稱腈綸纖維，相較于研發(fā)較早的聚丙烯纖維材料，此種產(chǎn)品不僅能夠與水泥材料充分融合，同時也有著良好的均勻性、耐溫耐寒性，而作為一種次級增強材料，聚丙烯腈纖維憑借其優(yōu)異的耐堿性、質(zhì)量強度、延伸性、分散

29、性、彈性模量，被廣泛應(yīng)用在國內(nèi)各類工程項目的混凝土施工中，對于一些空氣濕度較大、座落于水環(huán)境中的混凝土工程，進(jìn)一步提高了各主體面板的防滲性、抗裂性。在具體的施工過程中，對于工程混凝土的拌制，若摻入聚丙烯腈纖維材料，可在60s以內(nèi)充分?jǐn)嚢杈鶆?、分散，不僅大幅提高了新拌混凝土的粘聚性，同時也具有一定的連續(xù)性、整體性。此外，對于一些規(guī)模在170m左右的混凝土溜槽施工，聚丙烯腈材料的運用，并未發(fā)現(xiàn)骨料離析現(xiàn)象，而在后續(xù)完成混凝土的澆筑與養(yǎng)護(hù)后，通過全面、系統(tǒng)、專業(yè)的質(zhì)量檢查，30000以內(nèi)的混凝土面板上僅存有1-2條裂縫。由此可見，聚丙烯腈混凝土有著卓越的抗裂效果，有效防治了普通混凝土材料早期形成的干

30、縮裂縫、塑性裂縫。polyacrylonitrile (pan) fiber is also called the acrylic fiber, compared to earlier research polypropylene fiber material, this product can not only fully mix with cement material, at the same time also have a good uniformity, heat resistance, cold resistance, and, as a secondary reinforcem

31、ent, polyacrylonitrile fiber, with its excellent alkali resistance, quality, strength, extensibility, dispersion, elastic modulus, are widely used in civil engineering project of all kinds of concrete construction, for some of the air humidity is bigger, is located in the concrete engineering of wat

32、er environment, to further improve the seepage resistance, crack resistance of each main body panels. in the process of concrete construction, the mixing of concrete for engineering, if mixed with polyacrylonitrile fiber, can fully stir well within 60 s, scattered, not only greatly improves the adhe

33、siveness of fresh concrete, at the same time also has a certain continuity, integrity. in addition, for some concrete chute construction scale at about 170 m, polyacrylonitrile material use, did not find aggregate segregation phenomenon, and in the subsequent completion of the placing and curing of

34、concrete, through comprehensive, system, professional quality inspection, 30000 survives only 1-2 crack in concrete slabs. thus, polyacrylonitrile concrete has excellent crack resistance effect, effective prevention and control of the early formation of the common concrete materials dry crack, plast

35、ic crack. 4 纖維素纖維材料的運用4 the use of cellulose fibre material 纖維素纖維是新一代建筑工程用纖維，原產(chǎn)于美國，與聚丙烯纖維(密度09lg/cm3)相比，其密度(110g/cm3)略大于水，避了纖維在混凝土澆注振搗中上浮現(xiàn)象，具有天然的親水性能、纖維根數(shù)多、比表面積大、與混凝士基體界面黏結(jié)強度高等特性，且內(nèi)部含有空腔，在混凝土新拌階段能儲存部分自由水而在水化后期釋放出來促進(jìn)水泥繼續(xù)水化。試驗表明，纖維素纖維對混凝土拌和物性能及抗壓強度的影響不大，明顯提高劈拉強度(28d提高29%)，大幅提高混凝土阻裂性能和增強效應(yīng)，降低混凝土脆性；在提高混

36、凝土抗裂抗?jié)B方面也表現(xiàn)了比聚丙烯纖維更優(yōu)越的性能。cellulose fibre is a new generation of construction projects with fibre, originating in the united states, and the polypropylene fiber (0.9 lg/cm3 density), compared to the density (1.10 g/cm3) is slightly larger than water, from the rise in the fiber in the concrete vibrating phenomenon, can have natural hydrophilic, fibrous root number, large specific surface area, and the coagulation and substrate interface bond strength higher characteris