英文縮讀和弱讀規(guī)律表很好哦--.doc

1、Contractions 縮讀美語節(jié)奏分明，輕重分明，這說到底就是該重讀的時候重讀，該弱讀的時候弱讀， 千萬不能把時間平均分配個句子中的每一個詞。美語中不僅會把該弱讀的詞弱讀，甚至有時候會省略某些音，使說話和朗讀更加自然流暢，這種現(xiàn)象稱作縮讀。不過要提出一點，縮讀和吞音決不能等同。有的人在說英語的時候隨意會吞掉一些音不發(fā)出來，導致別人根本不知道他在說什么?？s讀是英美人習慣的發(fā)音方式，字有一套規(guī)則約束，決不能任意而為，所以絲毫不會影響理解也不會引起誤解。注意：縮讀往往被受過教育的美國人視作不規(guī)范的英語，所以正式場合不能用縮讀。 但是在日常生活中，這些縮讀又在大量應用， 所以我們不得不有所了解。

2、以下列出的是常用縮 讀，希望大家細心體會其中的演變過程，會有助于全面理解英語發(fā)音的特點。美語縮讀的具體情況請參看下表。Standard標準形式Contraction縮讀形式Examples 例句Note補充說明andnYou me. I want some cream sugar.arereTheyre gone.are youyaWhat ya doing here?如果are you后面沒有其他詞語的時候不能縮讀How are you成How ya?becausecauseI don eat chocolatecause I have bad teeth.could havecould a

3、You could a finished iit if he had hurried upshould haveshoulk acould not havecouldn aHe couldn done that to meshould not haveshouldn would not havewouldn acanc I c always make it.Can不能縮讀comecmCm on!如果come處于句尾，則不能縮讀did youdidjaHow didja make it?如果did you后面是以e或a開頭的單詞，則縮讀成dj?，并直接與后面的元音 連讀。Did you ask

4、her?=dj ask her?do youdyaHow yfeel now? How dylike the movie?does shedushiDushi like music?donknowdunnoI dunno what to say now.女口果 don know 后面沒有其他詞，則一般不縮讀。forferHere a letter fer you.give megimmeGimme that bottle!going togonnaI am gonna give him a surprise. gonna 的用法是： be gonna do sth.got togottaI g

5、otta see him right now. gotta do sth.good-byegbyeI Iltalk to ya tomorrow. Gye!good nightgnighthad betterbetterHe better watch his mouth.have tohaftaI hafta hurry to office right now.has tohastahad tohaddaheIWho is ?如果he處于句首，則不用縮讀。he/she hasheasHe s a house at the beach.herrThis isr husband.himimlmTe

6、ll Im the story.hisislsWhats favorite food? his處于句首，則不用縮讀how doeshow/shauzHowhe like the present？in front ofin fronnaHe church is in fronna of the drugstore.Kind ofkindaIt kinda tough.-ing-in InWhere ya goin What ya doin now?is thatizatIzat your wife?leave melee meLeeme alone!let melem meLemme have

7、a look at it!oldol It an ol table.orDo you like ice creamcandy?ofa o It kinda tough.out ofouttaGet outta here!注意這里的t濁化，發(fā)音為 ouddaprobablyprob lyHeprob ly come for dinner.somesmWant sm food?suresherSher, I want some bread.還有慣用表達法 For sure!發(fā)成 For sher!themm/ mI hate m.totaYou better go to the doctor.注意

8、此時 t 應濁化，發(fā)成 da.want towannaI wanna go outside to get some fresh air.wanna 的用法是： wanna do sth.whatwudWud if we went outside for a walk?what are youwachya/wachawachya/wacha doin now wachya/wacha 不用在詞尾what did youwudidya wudiyawudjaWudidya learn today?what do youwuddyaWuddya do for a living?what doeswh

9、atWhats he do for a living?what is thewhat aWhats a matter?youya y Catch ya later. Would ya like something to drink?Did y ever meet him before? y用在元音之前，例如 ybver 發(fā)成Weak Forms 弱讀在英語中，與句重音相對應的出現(xiàn)的是非重讀音節(jié)，它們一起構成了句子的高低起伏， 強弱交替的節(jié)奏模式，形成具有表意功能的連貫句子。這些非重讀音節(jié)體現(xiàn)在單個單詞中就 是常說的某些單音節(jié)的 弱讀或非重讀(unstressed syllable )。英語是節(jié)

10、奏感很強的語言， 要掌握好英語節(jié)奏，首先要熟悉強讀式(strong forms)和弱讀式(weak forms)，它對語言連貫、流暢性起著重要的作用。一、強讀和弱讀強讀和弱讀實際就是重讀和弱讀，一句話中至少有一個重要的音節(jié)要重讀，其他音節(jié) 相應弱讀。重讀音節(jié)從音高和音強上應該big, stro ng, importa nt loudly,非重讀音節(jié)(弱讀)就應該是 weak or small or quiet 。強讀和弱讀通過一定形式在句子中體現(xiàn)，英語中有接近五十多個單音節(jié)詞有兩種讀音 形式：弱讀形式和強讀形式。在連貫的語言中弱讀形式的使用比強讀形式更多，更重要。重 讀或強讀形式其實是單個單詞

11、發(fā)音的基本形式，即音標中的讀音形式，而弱讀形式從音質上和強讀形式比較起來短而輕；在前面學習中，我們知道短元音/?/和/i/常出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中，因此多數弱讀形式體現(xiàn)也以/?/或/i/體現(xiàn)。二、弱讀形式從上一單元可以知道，在英語句子中，實詞一般要重讀虛詞弱讀，其中有弱讀形式的單 音節(jié)詞根據不同類別可以分為以下幾種：冠詞、人稱代詞、be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、單音節(jié)介詞、單音節(jié)、連詞以及其他特 殊詞。其弱讀形式見表從表8-1中，我們對五十多個單音節(jié)詞的弱讀形式進行歸納，得出三個規(guī)律：1) 弱讀形式以/?/為主，大部分的弱讀形式都和/?/有關，極少部分與/i/和/u/有關，如a / ?/, some

12、 /s ?m/; who /hu,u/ my /mi/ 。2) 如果單詞是發(fā)長音，其弱讀形式一般變成相應短音，如：be /bi/been /bin/her /h 7 等。3)等。在語流很快時或者可以縮略的單詞中,常常只出現(xiàn)輔音，女口 will/l/is 億s/am /m/單詞、弱讀形式Weak forms and ExampleArticle冠a/?/a book, ina minu te,詞an/? n,n/an hour, i nan hour,thef、.、/-、.、/e?輔音冃前/ ei/ 兀音冃y the book, the appleBe動詞am/ ?m/m/What amI to

13、 do?is/z,s/Heat home.are/?/, /?r/兀音前What are you doing?be/bi/Don be late.bee n/bin/Youve been a long time.was/w?z/He was a rich man.were/w?/Whatwere you doing?助動詞have/h ?v, ?v,v/Have you bee n to Shan ghai?has/h ?z,?z,z,s/The bus has gone.had/h?d,?d,d/The room had been reserved.do/du,d ?,d/What do y

14、ou want?does/d ?z,z,s/How does it work?情態(tài)動詞will/l/Ill do it.would/w?d,?d,d /What would you like?should/?時/What should I say?could/k?d,kd / Iwish I could do something for you.must/m?st/He must go now.can/k ?n,kn/ What can 1 do to make up you?shall/?, ?I shall wait for you.短小連詞that/e?t, et/This is the

15、 bestthat I can do.as/?z/as long as,do as I dobut/b?t/It sold but useful.and/?nd,nd?n,n / you and me, a cat and a dogtha n/e?n,en/It more than 1 want.such/s ?t? I never heard ofsuch thing.短小介詞at/?t/at six, at schoolof/?v,v, 7a lot of mon ey, one of the bookoff/?f/take offto/t ?,u/Do you want to go?

16、I love to .for/f ?/Is this for you? for a long timefrom/fr ?m/She just come backfrom Italy.人稱代詞he/hi,i/ Whatdid he say? He told mea story.him/im/ I writehim a letter.his/iz/she/?/ What didshe say? She fineher/h ?, ?，/ I gaveher the book.me/mi/ You makemehappy.us/?s/They told us to go.you/ju/ Whatre

17、you doing? How do you do?your/j ?/,/j ?r/（兀音前them/e?m/,/em/,/m/ If I saw them,l tellthem that.we/wi/WWd like a drin k.who/hu/, /u/Whoare you?my/mi/ Do you knowmybrother?其他詞some/s ?m/Would likesome drink?not/nt,n/I havent finish it.there1 e?J e?/（兀音前There is a book.or/?/two or threeso/s ?/ Thank youso much.many/mn i/ Howmany?有了這三個規(guī)律，對這些單音節(jié)詞的弱讀形式可以運用正確讀音，連貫句子；但同時還需注意幾個問題：1) he, her,his, have,has, had不帶/h/的弱讀形式不用在句首；2) has,does,is 弱讀形式/s/用在清輔音的后面，/z/放在濁輔音或元音的后面，如：it s: /its/;3) the在元音前和在輔音前的讀音不一樣；4) there are you