步步高高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題詞法篇其他詞類專題名詞外研PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1 步步高高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題詞法步步高高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題詞法 篇其他詞類專題名詞外研篇其他詞類專題名詞外研PPT課件課件 核心考點(diǎn)精析 名詞在高考中的應(yīng)用 模擬強(qiáng)化練 1 2 3 第1頁/共43頁 核心考點(diǎn)精析 名詞的核心考點(diǎn) 1.可數(shù)名詞的數(shù) 這里主要講其不規(guī)則變化。 (1)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese， Japanese，sheep，works(工廠)，cattle。 (2)合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：boyfriendboyfriends， gobetweengobetweens(中間人)，grownupgrownups。

2、第2頁/共43頁 (3)有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：glasses眼鏡，clothes衣服，goods貨 物，trousers褲子，belongings所有物，wages工資，riches財(cái)富， surroundings環(huán)境，ashes灰塵，compasses圓規(guī)，cattle家畜， congratulations祝賀，have words with sb.同某人吵架，in high spirits情 緒高漲地，give ones regards to sb.向某人問好，in rags衣衫襤褸，It is good manners to do sth.做某事是有禮貌的。 第3頁/共43頁 (4

3、)集體名詞的數(shù)。有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：people，cattle ，police；有些名詞只用作單數(shù)，如：machinery，furniture，mankind ，jewellery；有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)看作整體， 復(fù)數(shù)看作集體的各個(gè)成員。如：The crew is large.船員人數(shù)很多(指整 體)。The crew are all tired.船員們都累壞了(指個(gè)體)。 第4頁/共43頁 2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù) (1)一般說來抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時(shí) ，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下： 抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒

4、的人或事。 抽象名詞(不可數(shù))具體化(個(gè)體名詞，可數(shù)名詞) in surprise驚訝地a surprise一件令人驚訝的事 win success獲得成功a success一個(gè)(件)成功的人(事) win honour贏得榮譽(yù)an honour一個(gè)(件)引起尊敬的人(事) failure失敗a failure一個(gè)失敗者/一件失敗的事 by experience靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)an experience一次經(jīng)歷 with pleasure樂意a pleasure一件樂事 第5頁/共43頁 抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗(yàn)到的 動(dòng)作、行為或類別。 A knowledge of

5、English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk (swim，bath，talk) with me? It is a waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. 第6頁/共43頁 (2)物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時(shí)，可以用作可數(shù) 名詞。 物質(zhì)名詞有形或數(shù)的相應(yīng)物體時(shí)，有單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：some coffee一些 咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，thr

6、ee coffees三杯咖啡；some drink一些飲料 ，a drink一杯飲料，three drinks三杯飲料；his hair他的頭發(fā)，a few grey hairs幾根白發(fā)；glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。 第7頁/共43頁 3.名詞所有格 (1)s所有格 the boys mother，the childrens toys，the teachers books，Lucy and Lilys bedroom(共用)，Lucys and Lilys bedrooms(各自的) (2)“of名詞”所有格 the roof of the house，the cover of

7、the book，the name of the girl wearing a red coat，a picture of my father(a picture that my father is in) (3)雙重所有格 a friend of my brothers(one of my brothers friends)，a picture of my fathers(one of my fathers pictures) 第8頁/共43頁 (4)“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有： 用于表示人的名詞或表集體、機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞后，如：Toms home， the doctors，the compan

8、ys new factory等。 用于表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量等的名詞后，如：todays newspaper，five minutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight，ten dollars worth of coffee。 用于表示國家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后，如：the worlds population，Chinas industry，New Yorks parks。 第9頁/共43頁 (5)所有格的句法功能 表所有關(guān)系 Jacks brother 表主謂關(guān)系 Mr Wangs praise 表動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 the famous stars admirer

9、s 表修飾關(guān)系 a doctors degree 表同位關(guān)系(只用of所有格)the city of Beijing 第10頁/共43頁 4.名詞的功能 (1)可作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語 Mary turned nurse. He bought a new book. We made him monitor of our class. (2)作定語 英語中有些名詞沒有其對(duì)應(yīng)的同根形容詞，這些名詞可以直接用來作 定語修飾另一個(gè)名詞。 第11頁/共43頁 分類意義 air pollution空氣污染boy friend男朋友 coffee cup咖啡杯 body language身體語言 r

10、oad accident交通事故 the Nobel Prize諾貝爾獎(jiǎng) 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼等 Doctor Jack杰克醫(yī)生 Professor Li李教授 evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠 表目的、手段、來源、所屬意義 reception desk接待臺(tái) sports field田徑場 stone table石桌 color TV彩電 第12頁/共43頁 (3)作狀語 名詞作狀語多為表時(shí)間或距離等概念的名詞。 The war lasted eight years. (4)作同位語 Tom，our monitor，left school last year. 返回

11、返回第13頁/共43頁 名詞在高考中的應(yīng)用 名詞與語法填空 在語法填空中，對(duì)于名詞的考查主要涉及可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)、名詞的所 有格以及詞類變換。 第14頁/共43頁 典題試做典題試做1 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空 1.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015全國) 解析解析形容詞性物主代詞their之后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故將able

12、轉(zhuǎn)化為其名詞形 式ability。 ability 解析答解析答 案案 第15頁/共43頁 2.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).(2015全國) 解析解析由于該名詞由so many修飾，故填該名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式paintings。 3.While there are amazi

13、ng stories of instant transformation，for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be patient.(2014新課標(biāo)全國) 解析解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。前面是定冠詞the，因此后面要用名詞，再由謂 語動(dòng)詞are可知此空要用其名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填changes。 paintings changes 解析答解析答 案案 第16頁/共43頁 4.I feel my legs sha

14、king.I cannot do this any longer.Unbelievable！Oh.，if you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep .(2014遼寧) 解析解析考查根據(jù)上下文語境填詞。根據(jù)語境可知，說話者對(duì)于現(xiàn)在正在 進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)感到體力不支，因此需要停下來深吸一口氣。take a deep breath深吸一口氣。 5.But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009廣東) 解析解析空格前有形容詞性

15、物主代詞，所以空格處應(yīng)填名詞，choose的名 詞形式是choice。 breath choice 解析答解析答 案案 第17頁/共43頁 應(yīng)對(duì)策略應(yīng)對(duì)策略1 首先要弄清數(shù)與格，即名詞是否該用復(fù)數(shù)，是否要用所有格；其次，注 意有關(guān)名詞的構(gòu)詞法，即有關(guān)名詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這就要求考生要搞清楚 名詞在句中作什么成分，近幾年?？济~作主語、賓語、表語的情況。 第18頁/共43頁 名詞與短文改錯(cuò) 短文改錯(cuò)中對(duì)于名詞的考查最可能考查名詞的數(shù)與格。漢語中的名詞 在形式上沒有復(fù)數(shù)變化，而是通過在其前加數(shù)詞或量詞等方式來表示 。而英語則不同，除了在名詞前加數(shù)詞外，如果是可數(shù)名詞，還須用 其名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，而不可數(shù)名

16、詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。其次名詞的考查還會(huì) 涉及詞性轉(zhuǎn)換方面的錯(cuò)誤。 第19頁/共43頁 典題試做典題試做2 單句改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015全國) 解析解析由后面的定語從句we breathe in可知，此處先行詞的意思是“空氣 ”，air當(dāng)“空氣”講時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞。故airs改為air。 答案答案airsair 解析答解析答 案案 第20頁/共43頁 2.One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It

17、 was.his parents were missing.Tony saw his parents.(2015全國) 解析解析從后文可以看出Tony的父母一起和他去的購物中心，后文兩次 出現(xiàn)parents，所以應(yīng)該將parent改為parents。 答案答案parentparents 3.As I told you last time，I made three new friend here.(2015四川) 解析解析名詞friend為可數(shù)名詞，其前有three修飾，需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故 把friend改成friends。 答案答案friendfriends 解析答解析答 案案 第21頁/共4

18、3頁 4.My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.(2015浙江) 解析解析前面有three修飾，故side要用復(fù)數(shù)形式sides。 答案答案sidesides 5.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.(2015陜西) 解析解析根據(jù)前面的some可知，step應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 答案答案stepsteps 6.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour

19、 and play sports for one hour every day.(2014新課標(biāo)全國) 解析解析由one and a half可知，hour應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 答案答案第一個(gè)第一個(gè)hourhours 解析答解析答 案案 第22頁/共43頁 7.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.(2014遼 寧) 解析解析time在此處意為“次數(shù)”，為可數(shù)名詞，再根據(jù)前面的several可知 ，應(yīng)用times。 答案答案timetimes 8.This made for the grow in the porcela

20、in industry.(2013新課標(biāo)全國) 解析解析定冠詞the后面應(yīng)跟名詞形式，故grow應(yīng)改為growth。 答案答案growgrowth 解析答解析答 案案 第23頁/共43頁 9.He has ruined his healthy.(2013遼寧) 解析解析在形容詞性物主代詞后應(yīng)用名詞，所以應(yīng)把healthy改為health。 答案答案healthyhealth 10.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (2011新課標(biāo)全國) 解析解析根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)我最后到達(dá)“我朋友的家”(my frie

21、nds)時(shí)， 他借給我許多衣服。故friend應(yīng)改為friends。 答案答案friendfriends 解析答解析答 案案 第24頁/共43頁 應(yīng)對(duì)策略應(yīng)對(duì)策略2 遇到名詞首先注意區(qū)分它是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；其次還可以 根據(jù)名詞前的修飾語或謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷。此外，還要注意 名詞的所有格以及名詞的句法功能，判斷是否存在詞性轉(zhuǎn)換方面的 錯(cuò)誤。 第25頁/共43頁 書面表達(dá)中名詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦 1.寫作中對(duì)于復(fù)數(shù)名詞易疏漏s或es，如： (誤)Id love to make friend with you. (誤)All the picture displayed are of great

22、value. 2.部分名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化錯(cuò)誤，如：familys，knifes，difficultys， pianoes，heros，woman doctors，tooths，childrens，medias。 第26頁/共43頁 3.部分詞性易混作名詞，如： 動(dòng)詞誤作名詞形容詞誤作名詞 動(dòng)詞名詞形容詞名詞 succeedsuccesshonesthonesty affecteffecthealthyhealth 第27頁/共43頁 4.可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞混淆。如： 不可數(shù)可數(shù) take actiontake measures some advicesome suggestions take exe

23、rciseeye exercises make progress information 返回返回第28頁/共43頁 模擬強(qiáng)化練 .單句語法填空單句語法填空 1.He had witnessed too many (die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier，in which 40,000 people were killed，wounded or missing. 解析解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。這里指的是“死亡”，是可數(shù)名詞，在句中作及物 動(dòng)詞witness的賓語，空前的too many暗示應(yīng)用deat

24、h的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 deaths 解析答解析答 案案 第29頁/共43頁 2.Apples new machine，the Lisa，proved to be an expensive (fail). 解析解析考查派生詞的用法。從空前的“an expensive”可知此處缺少一個(gè)名 詞，故填failure。failure在此處意為“失敗的事”，為可數(shù)名詞。 3.I ran into my neighbor，Dennis，yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets

25、but couldnt go to this (perform). 解析解析根據(jù)this的提示可知，此處應(yīng)該使用perform的名詞形式。 failure performance 解析答解析答 案案 第30頁/共43頁 4.Tourism should also advance the wealth and (happy) of local inhabitants. 解析解析根據(jù)and平行關(guān)系及其前名詞wealth可知，應(yīng)填happy的名詞形式 。 5.These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work. 解析解

26、析考查固定短語make contributions to“對(duì)作貢獻(xiàn)”。 happiness contributions 解析答解析答 案案 第31頁/共43頁 6.They get advice from “ (strange)”.When they need advice， they dont usually go to people they know. 解析解析考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)下一句中的“dont”及“people they know”可知，空處意為“陌生人(stranger)”。stranger為可數(shù)名詞， 其前面沒有限定詞，應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7.My first (impress)

27、 of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 解析解析形容詞性物主代詞my之后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故應(yīng)填impress的名詞 形式impression。 strangers impression 解析答解析答 案案 第32頁/共43頁 8.Those who suffer from headache will find they get (relieve) from this medicine. 解析解析動(dòng)詞get后缺少賓語，故應(yīng)用relieve的名詞形式relief。get relief from因得到緩解。 9.Why do yo

28、u choose to work in an international travel agency? Well，you know，English is my (strong).So it is my best choice. 解析解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，謂語動(dòng)詞is后缺少表語，故應(yīng)填strong的名 詞形式strength。 relief strength 解析答解析答 案案 第33頁/共43頁 10.I made a (decide) to look at the flight monitors to see if there was an earlier flight to San Fra

29、ncisco. 解析解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。make a decision意為“作出一個(gè)決定”。 decision 解析答解析答 案案 第34頁/共43頁 .單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)(每小題每小題1處錯(cuò)誤處錯(cuò)誤) 1.Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish. 答案答案minuteminutes 2.You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. 答案答案namenames 3.Mom，I know I have never expresse

30、d my thank to you before. 答案答案thankthanks 4.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local dish. 答案答案dishdishes 答答 案案 第35頁/共43頁 5.Another way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. 答案答案electricelectricity 6.From the time I was about four until I was a

31、bout six，I destroyed each of my toy. 答案答案toytoys 7.We，as well as animal，cannot live without water and neither agriculture nor industry can go without it. 答案答案animalanimals 答答 案案 第36頁/共43頁 8.In early January this year，the rate of UFO reports was steady，around three per weeks. 答案答案weeksweek 9.Tom was

32、having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work. 答案答案troublestrouble 10.It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 答案答案luggagesluggage 答答 案案 第37頁/共43頁 .語法填空語法填空 A(名詞專練) Born on August 23,1988 in America，Jeremy ShuHow Lin is a professional basketball 1. (play) wi

33、th the Huston Rockets 2. the National Basketball Association (NBA).But，to some degree，many Chinese fans and 3. (coach) take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him 4. Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China. player of coaches a 答答 案案

34、第38頁/共43頁 Jeremy Lin has recently become 5. success and attracted the worlds 6. (attend)，which gives Chinese people a lot of 7. (imagine) and pride.As we know，in most 8. (people) eyes，Jeremy is a miracle. In June,2012，when Jeremy took his third trip to China，a large crowd came to meet him，among whom there were various fans including some 9. (family)，some children and even some 10. (woman) players. a attention imagination peoples familieswomen 答答 案案 第39頁/共43頁 B China will allow all couples to have two children,11. (give) up its decadeslong one