延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的區(qū)別及用法

1、延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的區(qū)別及用法一、延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的概念 英語中，動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、動作發(fā)生過程的長短，可分為延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。 終止性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,

2、borrow,buy等。 二、延續(xù)性動詞的用法特征 1.延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，其完成時態(tài)可與表示段時間的狀語連用。表示段時間的短語有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。 2.延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的點時間狀語連用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(誤)rain為延續(xù)性動詞，而ateight表示點時間，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示一瞬間的動作，可以借助come,b

3、egin,get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如： -WhendidyougettoknowJack? -Twoyearsago. -Thenyouveknowneachotherformorethantwoyears. -Thatsright. 三、終止性動詞的用法特征 1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如： Thetrainhasarrived.火車到了。 Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入電腦小組了嗎？ 2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。

4、因此，不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如： (1)他死了三年了。 誤：Hehasdiedforthreeyears. 正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears. 正：Hediedthreeyearsago. 正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied. 正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied. (2)他來這兒五天了。 誤：Hehascomehereforfivedays. 正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays. 正：Hecameherefivedaysago. 正：Itisfivedayssincehecameh

5、ere. 正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere. (1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞，不能與表示段時間的狀語連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達呢？可以采用下面的四種方法： (1)將句中終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例：leavebeaway,borrowkeep,buyhave,begin/startbeon,diebedead,movetolivein,finishbeover,joinbein/beamemberof,opensth.keepsth.open,fallillbeill,getupbeup,

6、catchacoldhaveacold。 (2)將句中表示段時間的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。 (3)用句型Itis+段時間+since.表達原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。 (4)用句型時間+haspassed+since.表達原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。 3.終止性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如： Hehasntleftheresince1986. Ihaventheardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks. 4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成no

7、t+終止性動詞+until/till.的句型，意為直到才。如： YoucantleavehereuntilIarrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。 IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺。 5.終止性動詞可以用于when引導的時間狀語從句中，但不可以用于while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是點時間(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞)，也可以是段時間(從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程，從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。如： WhenwereachedLondo

8、n,itwastwelveoclock.(reach為終止性動詞) Pleaselookaftermydaughterwhile/whenweareaway.(beaway為延續(xù)性動詞短語) 6.終止性動詞完成時不可與howlong連用(只限于肯定式)。如： 誤：Howlonghaveyoucomehere? 正：Howlonghaveyoubeenhere? 正：Whendidyoucomehere? 延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞。一.延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, k

9、now, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。表示時間段的短語有:for+一段時間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+時間點名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed ther

10、e for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中與表示時間點的狀語連用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的終止性動詞可以與表示時間段的時間狀語連用。例:I havent left here for 3 ye

11、ars. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+組織機構(gòu), be a member of+組織機構(gòu), open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - b

12、e here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear；catch a cold have a cold等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It i

13、s 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 補充練習：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. ha

14、d left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made

15、D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has beco

16、me C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had

17、13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has

18、 stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on18.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had20.- How long can I _ the book? -

19、 Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keepKey:1-5 D C A B B; 6-10 C A A B C; 11-15 B C C C B; 16-20 C A C D D初中英語中短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的用法英語中，按動詞延續(xù)的時間長短，可將動詞分為延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞。延續(xù)性動詞如learn, study, work, play, wait等。短暫性動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，即動作一開始便結(jié)束的動詞，又可稱結(jié)束性動詞，瞬間動詞，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive

20、, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。一短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法：現(xiàn)在完成時中用法（一）：表示發(fā)生在過去，迄今已經(jīng)完成，并對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的動作， 常用ever, yet, already, just等狀語，謂語動詞既可是延續(xù)性動詞，也可是短暫性動詞。如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暫性動詞) I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延續(xù)性動詞)現(xiàn)在完成時中用法（二）：表示始于過去某時并一直延續(xù)

21、到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示始于過去某一時刻并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的時間狀語連用。如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延續(xù)性動詞） Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延續(xù)性動詞) I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延續(xù)性動詞)所以，在現(xiàn)在完成時中用法（二）中，在表示持續(xù)一段時間的句子中，應(yīng)將短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相同意義的延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞。初中英語中常見的有： 結(jié)束性動詞go, leave

22、, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get(得到)fall ill (asleep)finish, endbegin , startbegin to learn (work ,read，rain)go outget upborrowget to knowdielose延續(xù)性動詞be away (off), be out of be here , be in +某地be in , be a (an) + n.havebe ill (asleep)be overbe onlearn, work , read, rainbe outbe upkeepk

23、now be deadbe lost例如：1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F) His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T)2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F) My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)3. He has gone away for a week.(F)

24、 He has been away for a week.(T)4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F) The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暫性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的否定形式可以表示一種延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段的狀語連用。如:（1）Mrs. Smith hasnt left her hometown for twenty years. 史密斯太太已有二十年沒有離開家鄉(xiāng)了。 (2) The little girl hasnt come to my home for a long ti

25、me. 這個小孩已有好長時間沒來我家了。 （3）I havent borrowed the books from the library for two months. 我已有兩個月沒從這個圖書館借書了。二在When, while, as 引導的時間狀語從句中短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的運用。when, while, as 引導的時間狀語從句都可表示當時，但也有區(qū)別。when可指一段時間，也可指一點時間，既可表示短暫性，一時性的動作，又可表示延續(xù)性的動作。由when引導的狀語從句其謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞也可以是短暫性動詞。while只能表示延續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài)，不能表示一時性或短暫性的動作，引導的

26、狀語從句中謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞。as所表示的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生，具有延續(xù)的含義，一般同延續(xù)性動詞連用。as 和 while 可譯為“一邊一邊”，“正當?shù)臅r候”。例如：(1) She came into the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.(go on 為延續(xù)性動詞詞語) 正當開會的時候，他走進了房間。（指一段時間）（2）When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.(come是短暫性動詞) 她來的時候我會叫她等你的。（指一點時間，不能用while)(3) I made ma

27、ny friends when (while) I lived in Beijing. (live 是延續(xù)性動詞) 我住在北京時交了許多朋友。（指一段時間）（4）While ( As) Helen was reading , Jack was writing.(read是延續(xù)性動詞) 海倫閱讀時，杰克在寫東西。（指一段時間）三（not）.till / until句式中短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的運用。till 和 until 這兩個詞的意思都是直到，引導一個表示一端時間的狀語，其后的介詞賓語或從句表明這段時間的終點，用法相近，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延續(xù)性動詞；正在否定句中，

28、until或till 可以和非延續(xù)性動詞連用，這時, until和before 同義，not.until 和 not.before 意思相同，表示直到.才,在.以前不。例如：（1）My father kept working in the office till (until) twelve oclock last night. 我父親昨晚在辦公室一直工作到十二點。 (2) I waited there till (until) noon yesterday. 我昨天在那兒一直等到中午。(3) She stood there till (until) he had passed out of sight. (stand為延續(xù)性動詞) 她站在那里看著，直