電大《環(huán)境水利學(xué)》試題答案參考小抄

1、專業(yè)好文檔開(kāi)放本科水利水電專業(yè) 環(huán)境水利學(xué)試題姓名： 楊菊 學(xué)號(hào)： 1065001255674 班級(jí)： 2010秋水利工程 得分： 一、填空題(每題2分，小計(jì)10分) 1影響水體自凈作用的主要水情要素有： 水溫 、 流量 、 含沙量 和 流速 。2水利水電工程影響評(píng)價(jià)工作包括兩大部分：一是_編制評(píng)價(jià)工作大綱_，二是_開(kāi)展環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)_。3. 水環(huán)境一般可以分為 靜態(tài) 水環(huán)境和 動(dòng)態(tài) 水環(huán)境。前者是指流速很低甚至沒(méi)有流動(dòng)的水體，比如一些水庫(kù)、湖泊等；后者則是指具有一定流速的水體，如河流、渠道中的水流。4 水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 和 水污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 是水環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系中的兩個(gè)基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。5膠體的凝聚有 凝結(jié)

2、和 絮凝 兩種基本形式。二、單項(xiàng)選擇題(每題3分，小計(jì)30分) 1資源水利的核心是(b )。a. 水利工程設(shè)施的建設(shè) b水資源的優(yōu)化配置 c注重經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，輕視社會(huì)效益 d工程的技術(shù)可行性 2. 在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，一級(jí)消費(fèi)者是( d )。 a. 狐貍 b青草 c. 豹 d兔子 3bod5是指( d )。 a. 溶解氧 b總需氧量 c. 化學(xué)耗氧量 d生化需氧量 4. 曝氣作用能夠使水體中( d )。 a. 污染物遷移速度加快 b. 污染物沉淀速度加快 c. 底泥的污染物釋放 d. 溶解氧含量提高 5當(dāng)研究河段的水力學(xué)條件滿足(c )時(shí)，可考慮應(yīng)用零維水質(zhì)模型。a. 非恒定非均勻，洪水波 b. 恒定非

3、均勻，形成污染帶c. 恒定均勻，充分混合 d恒定均勻，非充分混合 6. 水體污染監(jiān)測(cè)可分為水體污染現(xiàn)狀監(jiān)測(cè)和(a )。 a. 水污染源監(jiān)測(cè) b. 水體污染預(yù)測(cè) c. 水污染源種類監(jiān)測(cè) d化學(xué)需氧量cod監(jiān)測(cè)7最容易發(fā)生富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化污染的水體是(b. )。a河流 b. 湖泊 c. 海洋 d地下水8. 水利水電開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)工程環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)方法中最基本、最傳統(tǒng)、最常用的一種是(c )。a. 疊圖法 b. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)法 c. 清單法 d. 多參次模糊綜合評(píng)判法9移民安置目標(biāo)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)中的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)是生產(chǎn)指標(biāo)和( b )。a. 生活指標(biāo) b資源指標(biāo) c. 生態(tài)指標(biāo) d. 公共設(shè)施指標(biāo)10地下水污染修復(fù)方法有(d. )。

4、a. 直接除藻法 b萃取法 c. 控制營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽技術(shù) d. 原位生物修復(fù)法三、判斷題(正確的標(biāo)注，錯(cuò)誤的標(biāo)注。每題2分，小計(jì)10分) 1水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)中，細(xì)菌學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)是大腸桿菌和bod。( ) 2河道防洪規(guī)劃采用的設(shè)計(jì)流量與推求河流水環(huán)境容量時(shí)采用的設(shè)計(jì)流量是相同的。( ) 3底質(zhì)可以反映水體污染歷史過(guò)程。( ) 4水功能一級(jí)區(qū)劃中，水質(zhì)污染嚴(yán)重，現(xiàn)狀水質(zhì)較差的城鎮(zhèn)河段不應(yīng)劃為開(kāi)發(fā)利用區(qū)。( )5環(huán)境監(jiān)理從屬于監(jiān)理，但是它又具有本身的獨(dú)立性。( )四、簡(jiǎn)答題(共4小題，小計(jì)40分)1簡(jiǎn)述環(huán)境水利學(xué)課程的任務(wù)。答：通過(guò)本課程的學(xué)習(xí)， 要了解環(huán)境水利的發(fā)展過(guò)程，認(rèn)識(shí)水環(huán)境干擾與變化的規(guī)律，掌握水環(huán)

5、境保護(hù)與修復(fù)的基本知識(shí)和技術(shù)、水利水電工程的環(huán)境影響極其評(píng)價(jià)方法，了解水利水電工程的環(huán)境管理，為從事與環(huán)境有關(guān)的專業(yè)技術(shù)工作打下基礎(chǔ)。2污染物進(jìn)入水體后，主要受哪三種作用的影響?答：(1)物理作用，一般表現(xiàn)為污染物在水體中的物理運(yùn)動(dòng)，如分子擴(kuò)散、紊動(dòng)擴(kuò)散、遷移，向底泥中的沉降積累以及隨底泥沖刷重新被運(yùn)移等，以此來(lái)影響水質(zhì)。這種作用只影響水體的物理性質(zhì)、狀況、分布，面不改變水的化學(xué)性質(zhì)，也不參與生物作用。(2)化學(xué)與物理化學(xué)作用，進(jìn)人水體的污染物發(fā)生了化學(xué)性質(zhì)方面的變化，如酸化或堿化中和、氧化還原、分解化合吸附解吸、沉淀溶解、膠溶一凝聚等，這些化學(xué)與物理化學(xué)作用能改變污染物質(zhì)的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化能力，改變

6、污染物的毒性，從而影響水環(huán)境化學(xué)的反應(yīng)條件和水質(zhì)(3)生物與生物化學(xué)作用，指污染物質(zhì)在水中受到生物的生理、生化作用和通過(guò)食物鏈的傳遞過(guò)程發(fā)生分解作用，轉(zhuǎn)化作用和富集作用。生物和生化作用主要是將有害的有機(jī)污染物分解為無(wú)害物質(zhì)，這種現(xiàn)象稱為污染物的降解。在特定情況下，水中有許多有害的微量污染物可以通過(guò)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的食物鏈將污染物濃度富集，從而使生物和人體受害。 3水質(zhì)本底的含義與作用。答：通常把未受污染的自然狀態(tài)下，水體中某種污染物質(zhì)的固有含量稱為該物質(zhì)的背景含量或水質(zhì)本底。通過(guò)水質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀與水質(zhì)本底的對(duì)比，便可確定河、湖以及其它水體遭受污染的程度。4簡(jiǎn)述水利水電工程環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的三大系統(tǒng)?答：a)對(duì)象系

7、統(tǒng)：復(fù)合系統(tǒng)，包括自然系統(tǒng)，社會(huì)系統(tǒng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng) b)時(shí)間系統(tǒng)：不同建設(shè)階段時(shí)間系統(tǒng)和不同開(kāi)工期時(shí)間系統(tǒng)c)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)：本底標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)，理想標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)，影響標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)，預(yù)警系統(tǒng)五、計(jì)算題(計(jì)10分) 若某水庫(kù)枯水期庫(kù)容2108m3，枯水期80天，該湖水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)bod濃度為3mg/l，bod5起始濃度為12mg/l，枯水期從湖中排出流量為15106(m3/d)，k01(1/d)。試求水庫(kù)bod的環(huán)境容量。()解：winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has

8、 been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match a

9、gainst england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tou

10、rnament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said wil

11、liams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have aske

12、d to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footbal

13、ls governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the su

14、personic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the l

15、ower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he cros

16、ses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in th

17、e final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed a

18、s a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but