TOEFL試題(2)2

1、TOEFL 試題(2) 219. Most of the helium in the uni verse was formed(A) in in terstellar space(B) in a very short time(C) duri ng the first mi nute of the uni verses existe nee(D) before most of the hydroge n20. The word eeased in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) exte nded(B) performed(C) taken hold(D

2、) stoppedQuestio ns 21-30In colonial America, people gen erally covered their bedswith decorative quilts resembling those of the lands from which the quitters had come. Wealthy and socially pro minent settlers made quilts of the En glish type, cut from large len gths of cloth of the same color and t

3、exture rather than stitched together from smaller pieces. They mad these un til the adve nt of the RevolutionaryWar in I 775, when everything Englishcame to be frow ned upon.iAmong the whole-cloth quilts made by these wealthy settlers duri ngthe earlyperiodare those now calledlinsey-woolseys.This te

4、rm was usually applied to a fabric ofwool and linen used In heavy clothi ng and quilted petticoats worn in the wintertime. Despite the name, linsey-woolsey bedcovers did not ofte n contain linen. Rather, they were made of a lop layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, con sist ing of smooth, c

5、ompact yarn from long wool fiber dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woole n material, either n atural or a shade of yellow. The filli ng was a soft layer of wool which had been cleaned and separated and the three layers were held together with decorative stitch ing done

6、 with homesp un linen thread. Later, cotton thread WM used for this purpose. The design of the stitching was often a simple one composed of interlocking circles or crossed diag on al li nes giving a diam ond patter n.This type of heavy, warm, quilted bedcover was so large that it hung to the floor.

7、The corners are cut out at the foot of the cover so that the quilt fit snu gly around the tall four-poster, beds of the 1700s, which differed from those of today in that they were shorter and wider; they were short because people slept in a semi-sitt ing positi on with many bolsters or pillows, and

8、wide, because each bed often slept three or more. The lin sey-woolsey coveri ng was found in the colder regi ons of the country because of the warmth it afforded. There was no cen tral heati ng and most bedrooms did not have fireplaces.21. What does this passage mainly discuss?(A) The process ing of

9、 wool(B) Lin sey-woolsey bedcovers(C) Sleep ing habits of colo nial America ns(D) Quilts made in En gla nd22. The word pro minen t in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) isolated(B) concerned(C) gen erous(D) disti nguished23. The author men tio n the Revoluti onary War as a timeperiod whe n(A) quills

10、 were supplied to the army(B) more immigra nts arrived from En gla nd(C) quills imported from En gla nd became harder to find(D) peoples attitudes toward En gla nd cha nged.24. The phrase applied to in line 8 is closest in mea ning(A) sew n onto(B) compared to(C) used for(D) writte n dow n on25. The

11、 term li nsey-woolsey origi nally meant fabric used primarily in(A) quilts(B) sheets(C) clothi ng(D) pillows26. The word coarser in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) older(B) less heavy(C) more attractive(D) rougherthird27. The quilts described in the sec ondandparagraphs were made primarily of(A)

12、 wool(B) linen(C) cott on(D) a mixture of fabrics10328. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the sleep ing habits of most America ns have cha nged since the 1700s in all the followi ng ways EXCEPT(A) the positi on in which people sleep(A) the nu mbers of bolsters or pillows people sleep

13、on(C) the len gth of time people sleep(D) the nu mber of people who sleep in one bed29. The word afforded in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) provided(B) spe nt(C) avoided(D) absorbed30. Which of the followi ng was most likely to be found in a bedroom in the colder areas of the America n coloni e

14、s?(A) A lin sey-woolsey(B) A vent from a cen tral heali ng system(C) A fireplace(D) A wood stoveQuestio ns 31-40Grow ing tightly packed together and collectively weav inga dense canopy of branches, a stand of red alder trees cantotally domin ate a site to the exclusi on of almost everythi ng else. C

15、ertai n species such as salm on berryand sword fer nshave Line adapted to the limited sun light dappli ng through the can opy, but few evergree n trees (S) will survive there; still fewer can compete with the early prodigious growth of alders.A Douglas fir tree reaches its maximum rate of growth ten

16、 years later tha n an alder, and if the two of them begi n life at the same time, the alder quickly outgrows and domin ates the Douglas fir. After an alder can opy has closed, the Douglas fir suffers a marked decrease in growth, often dying withi n seve n years. Eve n more shade-tolera ntspecies of

17、trees such as hemlock may rema in badly suppressed ben eath aggressive young alders.Compa niesen gaged ininten sivetimbercropp ingn aturally take a dim view of alders suppress ing more valuable evergree n trees. But times are cha nging; a new gen eratio n of foresters seems better prepared to In clu

18、de in their man ageme nt pla ns con sideratio n of the vital ecological role alders, play.Among the alders valuable ecological con tributi ons is its capacity to fix n itroge n in n itroge n-deficie nt soils. Alder roots con tai n clusters of n itroge n-fixing no dules like those found onlegumes suc

19、h as beans. in addition,newly developing soilsexposed by rece nt glacier retreat and pla nted with alders show that these trees are appl ying the equivale nt of ten bags of high-n itroge n fertilizer to each hectare per year. Other chemical cha nges to soil in which they are grow ing In clude a lowe

20、ri ng of the base content and rise In soil acidity, as well as a substa ntial additi on of carb on and calcium. to the soil,Another important role many alders play in the wild, particularly in mountainous areas, is to check the rush of water during spring melt. In Japan and elsewhere, the trees are

21、planted to stabilize soil on steep mountain slopes. Similarly, alders have been planted to stabilize and rehabilitate waste material left over from old mi nes, flood deposits, and Ian dslide areas in both Europe and Asia.31. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Differe nces betwee n alder trees

22、and Douglas fir trees(B) Alder trees as a source of timber(C) Ma nageme nt pla ns for using alder trees to improve soil(D) The relati on of alder trees to their forest en vir onments32. The word de nse in line I is closest in meaning to(A) dark(B) tall(C) thick(D) broad33. Alder trees can suppress t

23、he growth of n earby trees bydepriv ing them of(A) n itroge n(B) sun light(C) soil nu trie nts(D) water34. Thc passage suggests that Douglas fir trees are(A) a type of alder(B) a type of evergree n(C) similar to sword ferns(D) fast-growi ng trees35. It can be in ferred from paragraph I that hemlock

24、trees(A) are similar in size to alder trees.(B) in terfere with the growth of Douglas fir trees(C) reduce the nu mber of alder trees In the forest(D) n eed less sun light tha n do Douglas fir trees36. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that previous gen erati ons of foresters(A) did not study the e

25、ffects of alders on forests(B) did not want alders In forests(C) harvested alders for lumber(D) used alders to con trol the growth of evergree ns37. The word they in line 21 refers to(A) n ewly develop ing soils(B) alders(C) bags(D) chemical cha nges38. According to the passage that alders are used

26、in mountainous areas to(A) n itroge n(B) calcium(C) carb on(D) oxyge n39. It can be Inferred from the passage that alders are used in mountainous areas to(A) preve nt water from carry ing away soil(B) hold the snow(C) protect mines(D) provide material for hous ing40. What is the authors main purpose

27、 in the passage?(A) To argue that alder trees are useful in forest man ageme nt(B) To expla in the life cycle of alder trees(C) To criticize the way alders take over and eliminate forests(D) To illustrate how alder trees con trol soil erosi onQuestio ns 41-50In takingups new life across the Atlantic

28、,the earlyEuropean settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversi ons with which their an cestors had traditi on ally relieved the tedium of life. Neither the harsh ness of existe nee on the new continent nor Line the scattered population nor the disapproval of the clergy discouraged the

29、majority from the pursuit of pleasure.City and country dwellers. of course. con ducted this pursuit in differe nt ways. Farm dwellers in their isolati on not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the unending dema nds and pressures of their work, felt it n ecessary to

30、comb ine fun with purpose. No other set of coloniststoo so seriously one expression of the period.Leisure Is time for doing somethi ng useful. in the coun tryside farmers therefore relieved the burde n of the daily routi ne with such relaxatio n as hunting. fishi ng, and trapp ing.When a neighbor ne

31、eded help, families rallied from miles around to assist In building a house or barn, husking corn, sheari ng sheep. or chopp ing wood. Food, drink, and celebration after the group work provided relaxation and soothed weary muscles.The most eagerly an ticipated social eve nts were the ruralfairs, Hun

32、dreds of men, women, andchildren attendedfromfar and near. The men bought or traded farm animals and acquired needed merchandisewhile the women displayedfood prepared in their kitche ns, and every one, In cludi ng the youn gsters, watched or participated in a variety of competitive sports, with priz

33、es awarded to the winners. These events typically included horse races, wrestling matches, and foot races, as well as some non athleticeve nts such as whistl ingcompetiti ons. No other occasi ons did so much to relieve the isolatio n of farm existe nee.With the open countryside everywhere at hand, c

34、ity dwellers n aturally shared in some of the rural divers ions. Favored recreati ons in cluded fish ing, huntingl skati ng, and swimming. But city dwellers also developed other pleasures. which only compact com mun ities made possible.41. What is the passage mainly about?(A) Methods of farming used

35、 by early settlers of theUni ted States(B) Hardships faced by the early settlers of the United States(C) Methods of buying, selli ng, and trad ing used by earlysettlers of the Un ited States(D) Ways in which early settlers of the UnitedStatesrelaxed42. What can be in ferred about the diversi ons of

36、the earlysettlers of the Un ited States?(A) They followed a pattern beg un in Europe.(B) They were enjoyed more freque ntly tha n in Europe.(C) The clergy orga ni zed them.(D) On ly the wealthy participated in them.43. Which of he followi ng can be said about the countrydwellers attitude toward the

37、pursuit of pleasure?(A) They felt that it should help keep their minds on theirwork.(B) They felt that it was not n ecessary.(C) They felt that it should be. productive.(D) They felt that it should not invo Ive eati ng and drinking.44. The phrase tha nks to in line 8 is closest in mea ning to(A) grateful for(B) help with(C) because of(D) machi nes for45.