資料：《安全工程專業(yè)英語》

1、an organizational orga ni zatio nalculture isculture has been“a patternUnit 1 safety man ageme nt systemAccident causation models事 故致因Safety officer平安官員理論Safety committee平安委員會Safety man ageme nt平安管理Shop-floor生產(chǎn)區(qū)Physical con diti ons物質(zhì)條件Unioni zed compa ny集團公司Mach ine guard ing機械保護裝置Seni ority資歷、工齡Ho

2、use-keep ing工作場所管理Local culture當(dāng)?shù)匚幕疶op man ageme nt高層管理人員Abse nteeism rate缺勤率Huma n errors人因失誤Power relati ons權(quán)力關(guān)系A(chǔ)ccide nt-pr onen essmodels事故傾向模型Status review狀態(tài)審查Mun iti ons factory軍工廠Lower-level man ageme nt低層管理者Causal factors起因Busin ess performa nee組織績效Risk ing tak ing冒險行為Most senior executive高級

3、主管Corporate culture企業(yè)文化Supervisory level監(jiān)督層Loss preve nti on損失預(yù)防Safety prin ciple平安規(guī)那么Process in dustry制造工業(yè)Wall-board公告欄Hazard con trol危險控制Impleme nt pla n執(zhí)行方案Inten sive study廣泛研究Hazard ide ntificati on危險辨識Organ izati onal performa nee企業(yè)績效Safety performa nee平安性能Mutual trust相互信任One comprehensive defi

4、nition for presented by Schein whohas said the of basic assumpti ons- inven ted, discovered, or developed by a give ngroup as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internalin tegratio n- that has worked well eno ugh to be con sidered validand, therefore, to be taught to newm

5、embersas the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relatio n to those problems譯文：Schein給出了組織文化的廣泛定義，他認為組織文化是由假設(shè)干根本假設(shè)組成的一種 模式，這些假設(shè)是由某個特定團體在處理外部適應(yīng)問題與內(nèi)部整合問題的過程中創(chuàng)造、發(fā)現(xiàn)或完善的。由于以這種模式工作的有效性得到了認可，因此將它作為一種正確的方法傳授給新成員，讓他們以此來認識、思考和解決問題指適應(yīng)外部與整合內(nèi)部的過程中的問題。The safety culture of an orga ni zati on is the produc

6、t of in dividual andgroup values, attitudes,percepti ons,compete ncies,and patter nsofbehavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization s health and safety management.譯文：組織的平安文化由以下幾項內(nèi)容組成：個人和群體的價值觀、態(tài)度、觀念、能力和行為方式。這種行為方式?jīng)Q定了個人或團體對組織健康平安管理的責(zé)任，以及組織健康平安管理的形式和熟練程度

7、。Unit 2 System Safety Engin eeri ngSystem safety engineering系 統(tǒng)平安工程Safety problems平安問題Developme nt phase開展階段By-product附帶產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果Engin eeri ng practice工程實踐Safety problem平安問題Accelerat ing tech no logy快速開展的技術(shù)Safety effort平安投入System s life cycle系統(tǒng)的生命周期System effective ness系統(tǒng)有效性Logical reas oning邏輯推理Pote nt

8、ial accide nt潛在事故Accide nt cause事故原因Logical program ming合理的規(guī)劃System hazard系統(tǒng)危害Safety in put平安投入In here ntly safe system本質(zhì)平安系統(tǒng)Schedule delays 進度拖延Con cept phase初步方案階段Safety criteria平安標準Gover nment regulati ons政府管制System operati on系統(tǒng)運行System an alysis系統(tǒng)分析System desig n系統(tǒng)設(shè)計Aid in有助于Equipme nt specifica

9、ti ons設(shè)備說明Maintenance pla ns維護方案Operati on phase運行階段Performa nee reviews績效評估Disposal phase處理階段In tuitive process直覺過程Make decisi ons做決定Hazard con trol危險控制Protective apparel防護服Engineering solutions工程方法 / 手段Protective devices保護裝置In correct in terpretati on誤解Hazardous material危險物質(zhì)Work area layout工業(yè)區(qū)布局Ed

10、ucati onal soluti ons教育方法/手段Training sessi ons培訓(xùn)會議Safety promotion programs安 全促進工程Admini strative soluti ons行政方法/手段Pers onnel selectio n人員選擇Safety shoes平安鞋Safety belt平安帶Safety glasses防護眼鏡Accide nt preve nti on事故預(yù)防Tech ni cal system技術(shù)系統(tǒng)Resp on sible official負責(zé)人Warni ng devices報警裝置Hazard analysisis no

11、t an intuitiveprocess. For an analysis to bemeaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and kno wledge of those con duct ing the an alysis. Anyone who has a thorough, work ing kno wledge of both the sys

12、tem un der con sideratio nand the an alysistech nique to be used may perform a hazard an alysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard informationisobta in ed.譯文：危險分析過程不是憑直覺就能完成的。對于一個有意義的分析，必須在有效的假

13、設(shè)基礎(chǔ)上對系統(tǒng)進行合理的、準確的描述。它的成功主要取決于進行分析的人所具有的技能與知識。只要對被研究的系統(tǒng)和用于分析的技術(shù)有全面的了解，任何人都可以進行危險分析。在實踐過程中，要想獲得全面而有價值的危險信息，必須要一些具有不同知識背景的人共同努力才行。System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident preve ntio n. Its con cepts and tech niq ues have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex

14、 tech ni cal systems that are com mon in today s society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a nu mber of in teract ing causes with in a system, and that each cause and in teract ioncan be logicallyide ntified,evaluated, and con trolled.Through the logical applicati on of scie ntifi

15、c and man ageme nt prin ciples over the life cycle of a system, system safety engin eeri ng attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.譯文：平安系統(tǒng)工程是一個相對較新的預(yù)防事故的方法。它的概念和相關(guān)技術(shù)是在人們提高當(dāng)今普遍存在的復(fù)雜技術(shù)系統(tǒng)平安性的各種努力過程中逐漸開展而來的。它基于這樣一個思想，即所有的事故都是系統(tǒng)內(nèi)大量相互作用的原因造成的，理論上，各種原因及相互作用都能被識別、評估，并得到控制。通過在系統(tǒng)的生命周期內(nèi)合理的應(yīng)用科學(xué)的管理原那么，系

16、統(tǒng)平安工程就有望獲得最正確的平安程度。The effortsnecessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usuallyorga ni zed into formal programs. The objective of such programs is to assure that system hazards are elim in ated or otherwise con trolled as early in the life cycle as possible. Most of the detail work invoI

17、ved in a system safety program is in the performanee of hazard analyses. With the information provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine the safest, most efficie nt means of con trolli ng the hazards ide ntified.譯文：要想獲得所期望的平安程度， 所有必須做的工作都應(yīng)編制成正式的方案。這些方案的目標就是確保系統(tǒng)里的危險被消除， 或者使危險在系統(tǒng)生命周期內(nèi)盡早

18、的得到控制。系統(tǒng)安全方案中的大量具體工作在危險分析的過程中得以執(zhí)行。通過分析提供的信息，負責(zé)人就能選擇最平安、最有效的方式來控制被識別出來的危險。Unit 3 The ergono mics Processergono mics process MSDs are injuries safe tissue and affect your body Ten do ns經(jīng)脈,人機工程過程and illnesses of then ervous system that s: Muscles, Nerves, Ligaments韌帶,Musculoskeletal stressors張性刺激肌肉骨骼緊J

19、oints 由肌肉組織或神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)引起的傷害 或疾病Upper echel ons上層、高層hourly employee鐘點工Job sites工地Ergono mics committee 會Ergonomics in putMan ageme nt commitme nt Manu facturi ng engin eers Pla nt man ager Process engin eer人機工程投入管理承諾/行為 制造業(yè)工程師人機工程委員Medical man ageme nt醫(yī)療管理Huma n resource man ager Safety man ager Sub-commit

20、tee Oversee ing body low back disorder工廠經(jīng)理生產(chǎn)工程師人力資源經(jīng)理平安經(jīng)理分委員會監(jiān)督主體腰部疾病Active andpassive surveilla nee主動和被動監(jiān)督Job stressors 工作壓力源Follow-up后續(xù)工作Ergono mics aware ness人機工程意識Follows through 實現(xiàn)，把進行到底Chain of comma nd 指揮鏈Hit list黑名單You must assess the outcome of the hazard ide ntificati on process and determ

21、 ine if immediate acti on is n ecessary or if, i n fact, there is an actual hazard invoIved. Whenyou do not view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and expla in why. This will in surethecontinued

22、cooperation of workers in hazard identification.你必須對危險辨識過程中得到的結(jié)果進行評估，并決定在實際危險存在時是否需要立刻采取你必須在工作過程中告訴措施。當(dāng)你不把一個已被報告的危險當(dāng)做一個實際存在的危險時,并解釋原因。這將確保工人們在危險識工人你沒把這個被報告的危險當(dāng)做一個真正的危險, 別過程中進行持續(xù)合作。Unit 4 Hazard ide ntificati onHazard ide ntificatio n危險識別Outcome 后果Ongoing process正在進行的過程Place on 重視Exposure limit暴露極限Ve

23、n tilation system通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)Budgetary constraint預(yù)算約束Jobsite safety in spect ion工作場所平安檢查Accide nt in vestigati on事故調(diào)查Labor management committee勞 動管理委員會Accide nt in cide nee事故發(fā)生率Severity rate嚴重事故率In dustrial accide nt工業(yè)事故Work procedure 工作/操作程序 Walk-r ound in spect ion巡視Overexertio n 用力過度Carpal tunnel syn dro

24、me腕管綜合癥Extreme temperature 極限溫度 Worker-orie nted以人為本的Mitigate減輕/緩和Abatement降低/消除This approach to hazard ide ntificati ondoes not require that some on ewithspecial training con duct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-i n-the-bla nk questi onn aire. This hazard ide ntificati

25、 ontech nique works well where man ageme nt is ope n and genuin ely concernedabout the safety and health of its workforce. The most time-co nsumi ngportion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding pote ntial hazards ide ntified. Empoweri ng workers to ide ntify hazards,make

26、 recomme ndati ons on abateme nt of the hazards, and the n suggest how man ageme nt can resp ond to these pote ntial hazards is esse ntial.這種危險辨識的方法不需要經(jīng)過特需訓(xùn)練的人來執(zhí)行。通常經(jīng)過一個簡短的問卷調(diào)查就能完成。在一些管理比較開放、真心關(guān)心工人平安和健康的地方，這種危險辨識方法能起到很好的作用。這個過程中最耗時的局部就是對識別的潛在的危險進行分析評估和反響。賦予工人識別危險、對減小危險提出建議并提出如何對這些潛在的危險進行管理的權(quán)利是必須的。Un

27、it 5 What is an OHSMSOHSMS職業(yè)健康平安管理體系Legacy 遺產(chǎn)，留給后人的東西In practice在實踐中Allow for考慮到Regulatory system監(jiān)管體系Review phase審查階段Specific objective特殊目標Corrective actio n糾正措施Be cen tral to極為重要Systematic approach系統(tǒng)方法Systemic lin kage體系聯(lián)動In ter-li nked相互鏈接Feedback loop 反響環(huán)Specific program eleme nt詳纟田計戈 UMan datory

28、 強制的Arise from 由。引起Strategic objective戰(zhàn)略目標Commercial pressure 商業(yè)壓力Prin cipal con tractor總承包商Hybrid method混合方法Market-based基于市場的Formalised prescription正式的法規(guī) / 規(guī)疋Ma ndated prin ciple明文規(guī)定的原那么Stem from 起源于，來自于Regulatory framework規(guī)章制度Europea nUnion Framework Directive歐盟框架指令A(yù)ll-encompassing approach包羅萬象的方法

29、Sparin gly 少量的Home grown 國產(chǎn)的/自 己制定Chamber of Commerce andIndustry工商會/工商聯(lián)Framing 編制/ 制定Emerge ncy pla nning應(yīng)急計戈 UPlanning and accountability計 劃與職責(zé)Managerialist and participative models經(jīng)理主導(dǎo)模式和參與模式bureaucratic model官僚模式Top dow n由上而下Trace to追溯到Empirical test經(jīng)驗實驗Mutually exclusive相互排斥的Quality levels質(zhì)量標準E

30、xpand upon 詳述/進一步闡述Level of achieveme nt成就水平Performa nee level執(zhí)行標準Graduati ng up逐漸變化At the behest of在。命令/要求下Set out 闡述、陳列Conv ersely, an alter nativeparticipative model of “ man ageme ntsystems can be traced to socio-technicalsystems theory, which emphasisesorga ni sati onalin terve nti onsbased ona

31、n alysisof thein ter-relati on shipsof tech no logy,en vir onment,the orie ntati onofparticipa nts, and orga ni sati onal structure.相反，一個可選擇來使用的“管理系統(tǒng)模型可以追溯到社會-技術(shù)系統(tǒng)理論，該理論強調(diào)組織干預(yù)，這種組織干預(yù)是建立在對技術(shù)、環(huán)境、參與者的定位及組織結(jié)構(gòu)之間的相互關(guān)系進行分析的根底上的。So far, we have show n that OHSMS can vary upon a nu mber of dime nsions relati

32、ng to method of implementation, system characteristics, and degree of implementation.Such varianeeis importantbecause it affectsevaluation and measurementof OHSMpterformanee. Measures appropriate for one dimension of a system will be irrelevant to another. Evaluation of OHSMSffectivenessmayneed to t

33、ake account of what systems are expectedto do. Are they to meet complex system or simple design standards Are they impleme nted at the behest of man ageme nt or exter nal OHS authorities Areobjectives the simple ones such as reducing direct lost-timeinjuriesordo they include satisfyingmultiple stake

34、holders Are they at an early orestablished stage of development;and which of severaldifferentcon figurati ons of con trol strategy and man ageme nt structure/style is adopted到目前為止，我們已經(jīng)說明ohsmSE呈現(xiàn)多樣性的特征，這些特征與執(zhí)行方法、系統(tǒng)特征和 執(zhí)行程度相關(guān)。這種多樣性的變化非常重要，因為它對OHSM性能的評價和測量有影響。對一個體系的某種特征適合的方法可能對另一個特征不適宜。OHSM有效性的評價需要考慮到底

35、期望這個體系來干什么它們滿足復(fù)雜的體系呢還是只是一個簡單的設(shè)計標準它們是不是 在管理者或者外界 OHS權(quán)威人士的要求下被執(zhí)行的它們的目標是這種簡單的比方減少直接的時間損失傷害還是使多數(shù)風(fēng)險金管理機構(gòu)滿意它們是在處于形成的早期還是在建立時期 采取哪一種不同控制策略的形態(tài)和管理結(jié)構(gòu)/形式Unit 6 In dustrial Hygie ne工業(yè)衛(wèi)生物理危害、物質(zhì)危害非電離輻射壞的影響In dustrial hygie ne Physical hazards Nonionizing radiati on Adverse effects 副作用、 Loud noise 嘈雜的聲音 Chemical b

36、um化學(xué)燒傷Live electrical circuits Confined space密閉空間Hearing loss聽力喪失Physical or men tal disturba nee 或精神障礙 Annoyance煩惱Grin der砂輪機Power tools電開工具Narrow band no ise窄帶噪聲Impulse脈沖Sound level meter噪聲計Threshold of pain痛覺閾Jet engine噴氣式發(fā)動機Time-weighted average時間加權(quán)平均Sn ap 捻手指的聲音Heat stress熱威脅、熱應(yīng)力Extremity 四肢 Sh

37、iveri ng 顫抖In dustrial hygie ne has bee n defi ned as thean ticipati on,recog niti on.帶電電路Hard labor辛苦工作Fatigued 疲乏的Livi ng tissue活組織Plastic sealer塑料密圭寸機Biological Hazards 生物危害Mold 霉菌Potable water 飲用水Sewage 污水Physical con tact身體接觸Allergic reaction過敏反響Insect scale介殼蟲Severe pain劇烈的疼痛Ma nual han dli ng

38、手工處理Disk injuries椎間盤傷害Airborne 空中的On a daily basis每天Hazard Com mun icatio ns Stan dard危 害通識規(guī)定Stipulation規(guī)定、條款Trade n ame 商標名Hydroge n cyanide氰化氫Chemical asphyxia nt化學(xué)窒息物質(zhì)Cen tral nervous system中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)“ that scie nee or art devoted toevaluation,and control of thoseenvironmentai factors or stresses, ar

39、ising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness,impaired health and well-being,or significantdiscomfort and in efficie ncy among workers or among the citize ns of the com mun ity.工業(yè)衛(wèi)生被定義為：“致力于預(yù)測、識別、評估和控制環(huán)境因素或壓力的科學(xué)與技術(shù)，這些 壓力產(chǎn)生或來自于工作場所，能夠造成疾病、損害人們的幸福安康、或使工人或社區(qū)居民的 工作效率不高，并使他們感覺到很不舒服。Noise is a

40、serious hazard whenit results in temporary or permanent hearing loss, physical or mental disturbanee, any interferenee with voice com muni cati ons, or the disrupti on of a job, rest, relaxati on, or sleep.Noise is any undesiredsound andisusuallya sound that bearsnoinformation with varyingintensity.

41、Itinterferes with the perceptionofwan ted sound, and is likely to be harmful, cause annoyan ce, an d/or in terfere with speech.當(dāng)噪音導(dǎo)致暫時或永久的聽力喪失，使身體或精神發(fā)生紊亂，對語言交流產(chǎn)生干擾，或?qū)ぷ?、休息、放松、睡覺產(chǎn)生干擾時，它是一種非常嚴重的危害。噪音是任何不被期望的聲音， 它通常是一種強度變化但不包括任何信息的聲音。它干擾人們對正常聲音的區(qū)分，可能是有害的，能使人煩惱，并或干擾人們說話。Unit 9 Accide nt Inv estigati onT

42、ake an in vestigati on進行調(diào)查Fact-fi nding process尋找事實的過程In sura nee carrier保險公司/承保人Accide nt In vestigati on事故調(diào)查After-the-fact事實背后的Place blame 推卸責(zé)任Permanent total disability永 久全部勞動力喪失For simplicity為簡單起見Accide nt preve nti on事故預(yù)防In vestigative procedures調(diào)查過程Fact fin di ng尋找事實Operati ngprocedures flow d

43、iagrams操作過程流程圖Mai nte nance chart維修圖表Bound notebook活頁筆記本Physical or chemical law物 理或化學(xué)定律Table of contents目錄Narrative 敘事的Coun ter-measure 干預(yù)措施Inv estigator collects evide nee from many sources duri ng an inv estigati on, gets in formati on from wit nesses and observati on as well as by reports, in te

44、rviews wit nesses as soon as possible after an accide nt, in spects the accide nt site before any cha nges occur, takes photographs and makes sketches of accide nt sce ne,records all pert inent data on maps, and getscopies of all reports. Docume nts containing no rmal operati ng procedures flow diag

45、rams, maintenance charts or reports of difficulties or abno rmalities are particularly useful. Keep complete and accurate no tes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accidentconditions,the accidentseque nee and post-accide ntcon diti ons.In additi on,docume nt the locati onof victims,wit nesses,machi ner

46、y,en ergy sources, and hazardousmaterials.調(diào)查人員在調(diào)查過程中從各方面收集證據(jù)，從證人、旁觀者及一些相關(guān)報道中得到信息，在事故發(fā)生后盡快的找目擊證人談話，在事故現(xiàn)場遭到改變前進行檢查，對事故場景進行拍照并繪制草圖，記錄與地形相關(guān)的所有數(shù)據(jù)，并將所有的報道復(fù)印保存。記錄常規(guī)的操作流程圖、維修圖表或?qū)щy、異常現(xiàn)象的報告等非常有用。在活頁筆記本中完整準確的記錄。記錄事故發(fā)生前的環(huán)境、事故順序及事故發(fā)生后的環(huán)境情況等。另外，記錄傷者、證人、機械、能量來源和危害物質(zhì)的位置。Unit 10 Safety ElectricitySafety electricity

47、平安用電Electrical equipme nt電力設(shè)備Fuse puller保險絲夾Break con tact斷開接點/觸電Electrical shockTake cha nee 冒險Labored 困難的Ven tricular fibrillati on電擊/電擊事故心室顫抖Hot side高壓端Load side負荷端Line side線路/火線端Groun dfault circuit in terrupt漏 電保護器Grou nd fault接地故障ReceptacleHot bubs電源插座 熱水澡桶Twitchi ng顫搐Ven tricle心室Artificial re

48、spirati on人工呼吸Cardio-pul monary resuscitati on心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)Cardiac arrest心跳停止Heart stoppage心臟驟停Lockout 上鎖Un derwater light ing水底照明Fountains人工噴泉Ungroun ded (hot)c on ductor未接地 (高壓)導(dǎo)體/火線Neutral co nductor中性導(dǎo)體Fault curre nt 故障電流Load cen ter載荷中心Pan elboard配電板Bran ch-circuit分支電路CB 一種多功能插座Plug-in 插入式Tagout 掛牌Bypa

49、ssing回避/繞過Jammed卡住的/堵塞的Ball valves球形閥ANSI美國國家標準協(xié)會Color coded 色標/彩色編碼Keyed 鍵控制的 Rust-resista nt防銹的Shackle 鐐銬/鉤鏈Kit成套設(shè)備/裝備Lockout/tagout kits are also available. A lockout/tagout kit contains items required to comply with the OSHA lockout/tagout standards. Lockout/tagout kits contain reusable dan ger

50、tags, tag ties, multiple lockouts, locks,magn etic sig ns, and in formatio non lockout/tagoutprocedures. Be sure the source of electricity rema ins ope n or disc onn ected whe n retur ning to work when ever leav ing a job for any reas on or whe never the job cannot be completed the same day.上鎖/掛牌成套設(shè)

51、備也是可用的。 上鎖/掛牌套件中包含有必須滿足OSHA上鎖/掛牌標準的組件。上鎖/掛牌套件中包含有可重復(fù)使用的危險標簽、臨時懸掛標志、各種閉鎖、鎖、磁性 標志、及與上鎖/掛牌相關(guān)的信息。無論什么原因停下工作或當(dāng)天不能完成工作時，在返回 工作的時候都要確保電源保持斷開或非連接狀態(tài)。Mach inery Equipme nt Safety 平安Presses 沖床Lifti ng pla nt起吊設(shè)備Scald 燙傷Fragme ntatio n破碎 / 爆炸Temporary staff臨時人員Dumper truck翻斗車Power presses壓力機Lift truck升降式裝卸車Elev

52、ati ng work platform升降臺CE markedCE認證標志Unit 11 Mach inery equipme nt safety 機械設(shè)備Subc on tractor中間商/轉(zhuǎn)包商In terlocked guard聯(lián)鎖保護裝置Jig模具Push stick推桿Compete nt pers on能勝任平安工作的人Work ing order正常運轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)Brake fun cti on制動功能En ter a contract簽訂合同Power pressure 沖床Gearbox變速箱Chock用墊木墊阻Hot work 高溫作業(yè)Cutting/welding torc

53、h切割火炬 / 氣焊噴燈Retract縮回/縮進Gang or radial drills排式鉆機 / 搖臂鉆床Lathes 車床Turret 轉(zhuǎn)臺Flyi ng chips飛屑Coola nt 冷卻劑Chuck wren ch卡盤扳手Milli ng machi ne磨削機Toll cutter刀具Grinding mach ine研磨機Peripheral外圍的Con struct ion workIll-health 不健康Set out 陳述/說明Roof work屋頂工作Erection安裝/架設(shè)Safety hazard平安隱患Mon etary incen tive金錢鼓勵Regulatory age ncy管理機構(gòu)Guard rail防護圍欄Worki ng pl