完形填空解題要訣

1、一一. 完形填空的命題特點(diǎn)完形填空的命題特點(diǎn)完形填空是一種測(cè)試學(xué)生語(yǔ)言水平和實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)完形填空是一種測(cè)試學(xué)生語(yǔ)言水平和實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力的綜合性題型，言能力的綜合性題型， 它要求學(xué)生掌握它要求學(xué)生掌握詞匯知識(shí)，詞匯知識(shí)，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)， 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，句法結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，句法結(jié)構(gòu)， 而且要有一而且要有一定的定的語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟能力，邏輯思維能力和語(yǔ)言感悟能語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟能力，邏輯思維能力和語(yǔ)言感悟能力力，是綜合了現(xiàn)行的，是綜合了現(xiàn)行的單選和閱讀單選和閱讀的考查。近年來(lái)的考查。近年來(lái)試題所設(shè)計(jì)的知識(shí)面不斷拓寬，試題所設(shè)計(jì)的知識(shí)面不斷拓寬，缺少故事情節(jié)的缺少故事情節(jié)的文章增多文章增多，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇及上下文的理解和

2、應(yīng)，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇及上下文的理解和應(yīng)用，因此，可以說(shuō)該題型難度大、區(qū)分度高，是用，因此，可以說(shuō)該題型難度大、區(qū)分度高，是“容易拉開(kāi)距離容易拉開(kāi)距離”的題型。的題型。一）完形填空所一）完形填空所考查的能力考查的能力 綜綜 合合 運(yùn)運(yùn) 用用(詞的基本用法、詞的搭配詞的基本用法、詞的搭配和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、同義詞和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、同義詞/近義詞近義詞/形形似詞的區(qū)分似詞的區(qū)分)(句型結(jié)構(gòu)分析句型結(jié)構(gòu)分析)3.閱讀理解能力閱讀理解能力（快速閱讀、（快速閱讀、）4.推理、分析、判斷、歸納概括推理、分析、判斷、歸納概括能力能力5.英語(yǔ)背景英語(yǔ)背景知識(shí)和知識(shí)和生活生活常識(shí)常識(shí)二）完形填空的命題特點(diǎn)二）完形填空的命題特點(diǎn)高

3、考英語(yǔ)試卷高考英語(yǔ)試卷“完形填空完形填空”試題的命制，基本上遵循試題的命制，基本上遵循了了“突出語(yǔ)篇，突出語(yǔ)篇， 強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重實(shí)際強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重實(shí)際”的設(shè)計(jì)思路。的設(shè)計(jì)思路。在語(yǔ)篇中考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用能力，是高考英語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)篇中考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用能力，是高考英語(yǔ)試卷中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的項(xiàng)目。完形的選材通常是試卷中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的項(xiàng)目。完形的選材通常是敘事文敘事文或夾敘夾議或夾敘夾議的報(bào)道體裁，內(nèi)容情節(jié)深刻，常涉及的報(bào)道體裁，內(nèi)容情節(jié)深刻，常涉及人物人物心理活動(dòng)方面的細(xì)致描寫心理活動(dòng)方面的細(xì)致描寫，篇章與句子結(jié)構(gòu)變化豐富。，篇章與句子結(jié)構(gòu)變化豐富。文章內(nèi)容健康、時(shí)尚，將知識(shí)、文化、教育、趣味融文章內(nèi)

4、容健康、時(shí)尚，將知識(shí)、文化、教育、趣味融為一體?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)：為一體?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)：時(shí)代感突出，生活化明顯，寓教時(shí)代感突出，生活化明顯，寓教于樂(lè)。于樂(lè)。題型特點(diǎn)題型特點(diǎn) 1.文章的詞數(shù)及結(jié)構(gòu)文章的詞數(shù)及結(jié)構(gòu) 完形填空的短文一般在完形填空的短文一般在300個(gè)詞以內(nèi)，少則個(gè)詞以內(nèi)，少則250。命。命題者圍繞著語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞造句設(shè)題。題者圍繞著語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞造句設(shè)題。篇首提示句保留篇首提示句保留完整完整。 2. 文章選材以文章選材以?shī)A敘夾議夾敘夾議為主為主 3.設(shè)題設(shè)題以以實(shí)詞實(shí)詞為主，為主，虛詞虛詞為輔為輔（1篇篇 20題）題） 完型填空以這一規(guī)律出現(xiàn)，符合高考完形填空完型填空以這一規(guī)律出現(xiàn)，符合高考完形

5、填空淡化語(yǔ)淡化語(yǔ)法法的趨勢(shì)，因?yàn)閷?shí)詞多和語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容相關(guān)，而相對(duì)而言虛的趨勢(shì)，因?yàn)閷?shí)詞多和語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容相關(guān)，而相對(duì)而言虛詞就多和語(yǔ)言形式（語(yǔ)法）聯(lián)系的近一些。詞就多和語(yǔ)言形式（語(yǔ)法）聯(lián)系的近一些。 Strategies In Cloze Test完形填空解題要訣完形填空解題要訣Which of the following answers do you choose？_A eye B light C bright D cry Then lets look at the following situation：If you were a tear-drop in my _ .For fear of los

6、ing you, I would never _.And if the golden sun, should cease to shine _. Just one smile from you ,would make my whole world _.D cryD cryA eyeA eyeB lightB lightC brightC brightgrammarvocabularycontext What does cloze test test us？Discuss: What strategies do you adopt while doing a cloze test and dea

7、ling with grammar, vocabulary and context at the same time?Read the whole passage Fill in the easy onesConsider carefully Check the whole text Presentation of the StrategiesTask Two：瀏覽通篇會(huì)其神，瀏覽通篇會(huì)其神，橫線左右上下文，橫線左右上下文，快讀精選抓要點(diǎn)，快讀精選抓要點(diǎn)，設(shè)身處地填無(wú)痕。設(shè)身處地填無(wú)痕。完形填空解題要訣完形填空解題要訣完形填空解題要訣完形填空解題要訣瀏覽通篇瀏覽通篇會(huì)會(huì)其神其神文章首句要重視，

8、全篇理解有啟示。文章首句要重視，全篇理解有啟示。記敘體裁為主體，通讀全文明意旨。記敘體裁為主體，通讀全文明意旨。做完形填空時(shí)做完形填空時(shí)：利用首句信息，判斷作者態(tài)度利用首句信息，判斷作者態(tài)度 贊其偉大，贊其偉大， 樂(lè)其滑稽，樂(lè)其滑稽， 哀其不幸，哀其不幸， 怒其不爭(zhēng)。怒其不爭(zhēng)。利用首句判斷人物的情感變化利用首句判斷人物的情感變化 Jane was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She _1_ John very much. In her 2 (eyes) he couldnt do a

9、nything _3_ .Every morning she would give him breakfast 4 (in) bed and bring him papers to 5 (sign) .1 A depended on B waited on C trusted D loved 3 A wrong B great C good D strange 利用首句判斷故事的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件，利用首句判斷故事的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件， 預(yù)測(cè)故事的發(fā)展預(yù)測(cè)故事的發(fā)展 “Mama, when I grow up, Im going to be one of those!” I said

10、this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was (exposed) to more, my interests in the world of dance (certainly) varied but that little girl

11、s dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company (dating) back to 1925. （2012北京）北京）36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word39.A. director B. trainer C. leader D.

12、 dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality依靠首句判斷文體特征和故事的敘述脈絡(luò)依靠首句判斷文體特征和故事的敘述脈絡(luò) When Glen Kruger picked a small cat from an animal shelter, he did not expect much. Yet right from the start, eight years ago, there was an uncommon connection between him and the small black cat. He 36 her Inky.

13、Inky was a gentle cat, (sharing) the house with five other cats. But on a January night in 2009, Inky did 41 that would set her apart from 42 cats forever. (2012遼寧卷遼寧卷)36. A. gave B. chose C. named D. remembered41. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything42. A. familiar B. lovely C. ordinar

14、y D. outstanding完形填空解題要訣完形填空解題要訣橫線左右上下文橫線左右上下文context 上下文語(yǔ)境上下文語(yǔ)境information given in the passage 利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息各種線索各種線索 復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn) 各種線索各種線索線索線索并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 解釋關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系Practice and ApplicationTask Three：1) 動(dòng)作順序線索：動(dòng)作順序線索：After she wrote the letter, she _ it and then _ it.A. posted; signe

15、dB. signed; posted2) 環(huán)境線索：環(huán)境線索：1. Im tired of sea food, so I didnt eat any _ that day.A. cabbageB. shrimpC. pork D. beef3) 因果線索：因果線索：He was badly ill, so he was _.A. presentB. absent4) 轉(zhuǎn)折線索：轉(zhuǎn)折線索：He was badly ill; however, he was _.A. presentB. absent5) 讓步線索：讓步線索：He didnt _ the test, though he worked

16、 hard.A. passB. fail6) 用途線索：用途線索：I like my _, which gives me great help in the rain.A. umbrellaB. bikeC. potD. dictionary7) 比較線索：比較線索：We are shorter than him, so he is the _ among us.A. tallestB. shortest原詞原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn) (word repetition )同義詞或近義詞同義詞或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn) (synonym)代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)代詞復(fù)現(xiàn) (repetition of pronoun)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)反義詞復(fù)

17、現(xiàn)等。等。(antonym)復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn) Repetition復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)1) 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)I decided then and there to make a _34_ of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to (add) more things to the list. （2012全國(guó)二）全國(guó)二）34. A. listB. bookC. checkD. copy2）近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn) the auto shop called I needed a new _10_ in my car, They said no the ma

18、n who towed the car in told them to (fix) a new motor and send me on my way! A. equipment B. engine C. device D. part復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)3) 代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)Nobody will know except _2_ . But you have to live with yourself, and it is always to live with one you respect.A. me B. you C. us D. them4）反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)）反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn) I learned how to

19、 accept life as it is from my father. However, he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was _ and ill.A. tired B. weak C. poor D. slow完形填空解題要訣完形填空解題要訣快讀精選抓快讀精選抓要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)個(gè)別填空借常識(shí)個(gè)別填空借常識(shí), 習(xí)慣用法靠記憶習(xí)慣用法靠記憶相近詞義細(xì)辨析相近詞義細(xì)辨析, 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)巧設(shè)計(jì)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)巧設(shè)計(jì)，填空多是實(shí)義詞填空多是實(shí)義詞, 詞類范疇必同一，詞類范疇必同一，確

20、定最佳靠邏輯確定最佳靠邏輯, 字里行間找信息。字里行間找信息。解題策略 Problem solving strategies常識(shí)背景（常識(shí)背景（common sense）習(xí)慣搭配（習(xí)慣搭配（phrases & idioms）詞義辨析（詞義辨析（comparison）語(yǔ)法分析（語(yǔ)法分析（grammar analysis)邏輯分析邏輯分析(logical analysis )排除法（排除法（exclusive method ）Exercise 11 1 In the summer vacation of 1997 , I was fixed with a In the summer vacatio

21、n of 1997 , I was fixed with a job. I worked as a(n) job. I worked as a(n) _ _ at Mr. Breens fruit shop. at Mr. Breens fruit shop. A .operator B . assistant A .operator B . assistant C .waiter D. secretary C .waiter D. secretary2 It was an early morning in summer. In the street , 2 It was an early m

22、orning in summer. In the street , sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their towards their _._. A .homes B. houses A .homes B. houses C. restaurants D. offices C. restaurants D. offices3 The slave escaped from his master and fled to

23、the 3 The slave escaped from his master and fled to the _. _. As he was wondering about there , he came As he was wondering about there , he came upon a lion.upon a lion. A. street B. park C. forest D. field A. street B. park C. forest D. field文化背景常識(shí)文化背景常識(shí)Exercise 3（新課標(biāo)卷）（新課標(biāo)卷）Body language is the q

24、uiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks _36_ than words. 36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further習(xí)慣搭配法習(xí)慣搭配法Action speaks louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯事實(shí)勝于雄辯Exercise 4（新課標(biāo)卷）（新課標(biāo)卷）But whatever the situation, the best _54_ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like

25、to be _55_.54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased習(xí)慣搭配法習(xí)慣搭配法Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲勿施于人己所不欲勿施于人詞義辨析法詞義辨析法 Exercise 61. Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in , and then a clime of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. noise2. It was a pl

26、easant way of passing time for an old man who lived _. A. lonely B . alone C. away D . busily 3.The back door and the windows were all closed and there was no _ of forced entry. A .scene B . show C. sign D .sightExercise 7（2012江蘇卷）江蘇卷）Most developed nations have become _43_ on digital technology sim

27、ply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not _44_ it would make them an outsider.43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent44. A. finding B. using C. protectingD. changing語(yǔ)法分析法語(yǔ)法分析法 (2012全國(guó)二全國(guó)二) At first I got angry. Then it _31_ me I had been giving all of my (attention) to what w

28、as going wrong with my (life) rather than what was right! 31. A. hurt B. hit C. caught D. movedExercise 10語(yǔ)法分析法語(yǔ)法分析法 (2012 北京卷北京卷) As I look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排排練練) on

29、my first day. 42. A. lacksB. adds C. makesD. brings 43. A. while B. since C. until D. whenExercise 11語(yǔ)法分析法語(yǔ)法分析法 (2012 陜西卷）陜西卷） One sunny afternoon, a seven-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods _26_ she realized that she was lost. 26. A. before B. since

30、C. while D. asExercise 12邏輯分析法邏輯分析法 (2012 山東卷）山東卷） The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent _42_. “What these people also need is warmth and (caring) ,” says Rita. The Mullers didnt _44_ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita _45_ there wa

31、s somebody at home to answer the phone42.A. enoughB. necessary C. helpfulD. expensive 44. A. hesitateB. agree C. pretend D. intend45.A. make sense B. found out C. make sure D. worked out Exercise 13邏輯分析法邏輯分析法 (2012 浙江卷浙江卷) (Opening) the box , Oscar saw an umbrella inside a very old one with a beauti

32、fully carved handle. _23_He had not seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it _24_. 23. A. After B. When C. Since D. Although 24. A. clearly B. fully C. immediately D. suddenlyExercise 14排除法排除法 （浙江卷）（浙江卷）He was chatting online and, (1) , he was playing a computer gamea war game. I was surprise

33、d .1. A. first of all B. just then C. at the same time D. at that timeExercise 15排除法排除法 （浙江卷）（浙江卷） The concept of solitude (獨(dú)處獨(dú)處) in thedigital world is almost non-existent Being reachable might feel like a _47_ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.47. A. pleasure B. ben

34、efit C. burden D. disappointmentExercise 16完形填空解題要訣完形填空解題要訣設(shè)身處地填無(wú)痕設(shè)身處地填無(wú)痕情景還原情景還原，在特定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，在特定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，特定的人物的動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該符合其特定的人物的動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該符合其身份和當(dāng)時(shí)的場(chǎng)景，特定的事物應(yīng)該身份和當(dāng)時(shí)的場(chǎng)景，特定的事物應(yīng)該具有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)、匹配的信息。具有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)、匹配的信息。設(shè)身處地填無(wú)痕設(shè)身處地填無(wú)痕I often lack confidence in my own abilities as a teacher, so it gave me quite a _ when a fri

35、end who works with families in the community (mentioned) that he has heard several times from parents how glad they are to have their kids in my class. A. evidence B. pride C. lift D. comfort Exercise 17 設(shè)身處地填無(wú)痕設(shè)身處地填無(wú)痕 （2012 江西卷）江西卷） There was a noticeable touch of _50_ in the way he seemed to be do

36、ing things (cleaning) the windscreen (擋擋風(fēng)玻璃風(fēng)玻璃), then standing back to admire it; scrubbing (擦凈擦凈) the wheels and (again) standing back to see what they look like after the scrub. 50Aworry Brespect Csympathy DprideExercise 18Consolidation exercise 文章首句要重視，全篇理解有啟示。文章首句要重視，全篇理解有啟示。記敘體裁為主體，通讀全文明意旨。記敘體裁

37、為主體，通讀全文明意旨。填空多是實(shí)意詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)巧設(shè)計(jì)，填空多是實(shí)意詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)巧設(shè)計(jì)，詞類范疇必同一。確定最佳靠邏輯，詞類范疇必同一。確定最佳靠邏輯，字里行間找信息。個(gè)別填空借常識(shí)，字里行間找信息。個(gè)別填空借常識(shí)，相近詞義細(xì)辨析，習(xí)慣用法靠記憶。相近詞義細(xì)辨析，習(xí)慣用法靠記憶。Homework:Read the passage carefully and complete it with the best answers from the given.上下文語(yǔ)境法上下文語(yǔ)境法 contextExercise 11.Travelling west, you set your clock_(1)

38、_ ; traveling east ,you set it ahead. A behind B. up C. back D. ahead2. Many old people dont have good _(2)_ .They cant watch TV, but they can listen to the music. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time3. Many Africans are very _(3)_ , so they cant afford to eat much meat with their cereal. A heal

39、thy B. poor C. rich D .weak4 .Traveling _(4)_ , today becomes yesterday; traveling west it is tomorrow. A .south B. east C. north D. west Summary語(yǔ)篇信息語(yǔ)篇信息詞匯手段詞匯手段復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法手段語(yǔ)法手段邏輯手段邏輯手段并列并列關(guān)系關(guān)系順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 解釋關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系Practice 11The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below. 2In 1964 Shirley gra