廣州2015年版九年級下冊知識點與練習(xí)Unit4Naturalandsisasters-unit6Caringforyourhealth

1、第四講Unit 4 Natural disasters.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1. Unit 4重點單詞、短語2. it作形式主語的用法.重點、難點分析 1、 What other natural disasters can you think of? 你還能想到其他的自然災(zāi)害？think of 想起，想到，認(rèn)為辨析：think of, think about與think over（1）thinkof想出，記起，考慮Eg: Whothoughtoftheidea？ 誰想出的這個主意？（2）thinkabout思考，考慮 Eg: Illthinkaboutyoursuggestion，andgiveyouan

2、answertomorrow我要考慮一下你的建議，明天給你答復(fù)。（3）thinkover意為“仔細(xì)考慮”。 Eg: Thinkover，andyoullfindaway 仔細(xì)考慮一下，你就會有辦法的?！就卣埂縒hat do you think of? 是固定句型，意為“你覺得怎么樣？”，相當(dāng)于“How do you like?”。Eg: What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film?2、Because he is interested in the North and South Poles. 因為他對南北極感興趣。be i

3、nterested in 對.感興趣， 后面跟名詞或者動名詞作賓語。The boy is interested in science.They are interested in playing computer games.辨析： interested與interestingInteresting表示事物本身具有使人產(chǎn)生興趣之處；如The cat is interesting.而interested表示某人對某事感興趣；如I am interested in the book bought yesterday.3、What would happen if our city was badly

4、 flooded? 如果我們的城市嚴(yán)重淹水，將會發(fā)生什么事情？happen是不及物動詞。happen的用法主要有以下三種：（1）sth.+happen+地點/時間，意為某地/某時發(fā)生了某事。Eg：Anaccidenthappenedinthatstreet. 那條街發(fā)生了一起事故。Whatshappeningoutside? 外面發(fā)生什么事了？（2）sth.+happento+sb.意為某人出了某事(常指不好的事發(fā)生在某人身上)。Eg: Acaraccidenthappenedtohimyesterday. 昨天他發(fā)生了交通事故。Whathappenedtoyou? (=Whatwaswron

5、g/thematterwithyou?) 你怎么啦？（3）sb.+happen+todosth.意為某人碰巧做某事；或者”It happens + that從句”，意為“碰巧.”Eg: Ihappenedtomeetherinthestreet. 我碰巧在街上遇見她。IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled. 他來訪時我碰巧不在。辨析：happen與take place1). take place 表示“發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。Eg：Great changes have taken place in

6、 our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. 2). happen作“發(fā)生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。Eg：What happened to you? I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home.4、Would anyone remain alive? 還有人活著嗎？ （1）remain此處作連系動詞，意為“一直保持；仍然處

7、于某種狀態(tài)”，后面可接形容詞、名詞、動名詞ing形式、動詞ed形式或介詞短語。Eg：Whatever achievements youve made, you should remain modest. 無論你取得多么大的成就，你都該保持謙虛?！就卣埂縭emain stay 都指“繼續(xù)停留”或“繼續(xù)保持某種狀態(tài)、關(guān)系或行動?！眗emain ?？膳cstay 互換。 1）表示“繼續(xù)呆在某處”時，應(yīng)該用不及物動詞remain或stayEg：Shall I go or stay? He remained in his seat after all the other students had gone

8、 home. 2）表示“繼續(xù)保持或處于原來的狀態(tài)”時，可用remain或stayEg： The door stayed closed. 3）表示“暫住、短期停留”時，只能用不及物動詞stayEg：He is staying at Hilton Hotel.4）表示“殘留、剩下”時，只能用不及物動詞remainEg：Not much of the house remained after the fire. 5） remain 強調(diào)“繼續(xù)停留于一處或保持原狀態(tài)、情況性質(zhì)而不改變”, stay強調(diào)“某人物繼續(xù)留在原地而不離開Eg：This place remains cool all summer

9、. He stayed to see the end of the game. （2）alive形容詞，意為“活著的，在世的”。 Eg: Is the old man alive now?【注意】alive和living都可以表示“活著的”，但alive通常作表語或后置定語；而living修飾人或者物時需要前置。 Eg: All living things need air.5、It covered roads, parks and small houses. 水淹沒了道路、公園和小房子。Cover 此處用作及物動詞，意為“覆蓋；蓋上”，常與介詞with搭配。cover with 意為“用把蓋

10、住”（表示動作）be covered with. 意為“被覆蓋”（表示狀態(tài)） Eg: Please cover the table with a white cloth. The hills are covered with trees.【拓展】cover 還可以用作名詞，意為“覆蓋物；封面等” Eg：The book needs a new cover.6、Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. 大件的物體，例如汽車和輪船，從窗前經(jīng)過。 pass by 意為“通過；經(jīng)過”；還可以表示“（時間）逝去；過去”。

11、Eg: I see them pass by my house every day. Three years had passed by before she finally found a suitable job.7、I had to do something. 我必須做點什么！辨析：have to 與must（1）must多表示主觀需要或責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事，多譯為“必須”，而haveto多表示客觀存在的環(huán)境所限,即客觀要求(無奈)而為之，多譯為“不得不干某事”。Eg：Imustcleantheroombecausetherearetoodirty.（無人強迫）因為太臟了，

12、我必須要打掃房間。Wemustbethereontime.（責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使）我們一定準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)。Ihavetodomyhomeworknow.（不得不做）我現(xiàn)在不得不做作業(yè)。Ihavetoleaveschoolbecausemyfamilyispoornow.（無奈）因為家里窮了，我不得不退學(xué)。（2）must沒有時態(tài)的變化，而haveto有時態(tài)的變化。Eg: Damingwashurt.Thedoctorsaidhehadtostayinhospitalforabouttwoweeks.Hisfatherhastogototakecareofhim.Wedonthavetogotoschoolon

13、Sundays.星期天我們不必上學(xué)。（3）must的否定為mustnt，多表示“禁令”。Eg：No!Youmustntturnleft!YoumustturnrightintoTheStrand. 不！你不能向左轉(zhuǎn)！你應(yīng)該向右轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)入到strand中。由must引起的疑問句，肯定回答要用must或haveto，否定回答要用neednt或donthaveto，意思是“不必”；此用法在中考中的單選題中容易出現(xiàn)！Eg: 1）MustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeightoclock?我必須要在8點之前完成作業(yè)嗎?Yes,youmust. 是的，必須。 2）MustIattendthe

14、meeting?我必須要參加這次會議嗎？No,youneednt/donthaveto.YoucanaskTomtogoinstead. 不，你不必。你可以讓湯姆替你去。7、I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead. 我試圖給我爸爸打電話，但是電話線路不通。 （1）try to do sth. 意為“試圖/努力做某事”，側(cè)重盡力，為了達(dá)到目的而努力；否定形式為try not to do sth.Im trying to learn English well. （2）try doing sth. 意為“試著/嘗試做某事”，只是一種新的嘗試，不一定

15、付出很大的努力。Lets try knocking at the back door.【拓展】 1）try ones best to do sth. 意為“盡某人最大努力做某事”We should try our best to practice speaking English. 2）try on 意為“試穿”Can I try in on? 3）try 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“嘗試”，常構(gòu)成have a try，意為“試一試”I cant open the door. Will I have a try?8、Its impossible to stick with it. 堅持工作很重要。 （1

16、）Its +形容詞+ for sb. + to do sth. 意為“對某人來說做某事時的” Its +形容詞+of sb. +to do sth. 意為“某人做某事是.的“，此句式中的形容詞是描述人的性格、品質(zhì)的，如：polite, nice, kind, good, friendly等。此句式也可以改為Sb. +be +形容詞+ to do sth. Eg: Its hard for me to answer your questions. It was foolish of him to go alone. = He was foolish to go alone. （2）stick w

17、ith 意為“持續(xù)；堅持；不放棄”；還可以表示“緊接；不離開；和呆在一起” Eg: Stick with your schedule for the week. Stick with them. Theres safety in numbers.9、My friends replied,” I have no time to drink about the flood” 我的朋友說：“我沒有時間考慮洪水.”辨析：reply與answer（1）兩者均可表示“回答”，但answer屬常用詞，多用于一般性應(yīng)答，而reply則較正式，多指經(jīng)過考慮而作出答復(fù)。Eg: IwassonervousthatI

18、couldntanswerreply. 我緊張得沒作回答。（2）answer可自由地用作及物或不及物動詞，而reply除后接that從句或引出直接引語是及物動詞外，一般只用作不及物動詞。其后若接名詞或代詞作賓語，應(yīng)借助介詞to。Eg：Herepliedthathehadchangedhismind. 他回答說他改變了主意。Hedidntanswerreplytomyquestion.他沒有回答我的問題。比較下面兩句：Hedidnotknowwhattoreply. 他不知道回答什么(即：用什么回答)。Hedidnotknowwhattoreplyto.他不知道回答什么問題(即：對什么作回答)。

19、（3）answer除表示“回答”外，還可表示接聽(電話)或?qū)﹂T鈴等聲響作出反應(yīng)等(常與telephone,door,bell,door-bell等連用)。但reply不能這樣用。Eg：Whoansweredthetelephone?誰接的電話?Alittlegirlansweredthedoor.一個小女孩應(yīng)聲去開門。Nobodyansweredmycallforhelp.沒有人理會我的呼救。（4）兩者除用作動詞外，都可用作名詞。要表示“對的回答(答復(fù)，答案)”等，其后均接介詞to(不用of)。Eg：Haveyouhadananswertoyourletter? 你寄出的信有回音沒有?Irec

20、eivednoreplytomyrequest. 我的要求沒有收到任何答復(fù)。10、In surprise people finally started to notice the flood, but it was too late. 最后人們驚訝地開始注意到洪水，但是已經(jīng)太晚了。 in surprise 驚訝地 to ones surprise 令人吃驚的是【拓展】notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某個人正在做某事； notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事我注意到她正在房間里哭。_我注意到她在房間里哭。_10、My computer is dead, so

21、I will have to buy a new one. 我的電腦不運轉(zhuǎn)了，所以我必須買一臺新的。辨析：one, it, thatit指代的是同類同物，that指代的是同類異物，one指的是上下文中提到的同類事物中的一個。Eg: Imlookingforaflat.Idreallylikeonewithagarden.-Wheredidyoufindyourwatch? -Ifinditinourclassroom.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountry.11、The boy was so quiet that often

22、no one would notice when he came in the room. 那個男孩如此安靜，以至于當(dāng)他進(jìn)入房間時經(jīng)常沒有人會注意到。So that 意為“如此以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，so后接形容詞或副詞。 Eg：Heissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim.【拓展】在so that結(jié)構(gòu)中，若that 從句的主語一致，在否定句中可與too to或not enough to結(jié)構(gòu)互換。He is so young that he cant join the army.= He is too young to join the army.= He

23、 isnt old enough to join the army.12、What awful weather! 多糟糕的天氣啊！（1）what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語+(itis).Whataclevergirlsheis!（2）How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語+(itis).Howcolditistoday!13、The government asked people to leave for higher groundleave for 動身去；啟程去昨天他們動身去北京。_【拓展】（1）leave可用作及物或不及物動詞，意為“離開。出發(fā)。”常用于短語，意為“動身

24、，出發(fā)(去某地)” HeleftPairsforNewYork.（2）leave屬非延續(xù)性動詞，它不能和表示一段時間的詞連用，如果要表示離開一段時間，要用beaway來代替。 Ihavebeenawayforaweek.（3）leave用作名詞時，可以表達(dá)多種含義，如“休假。假期，許可，同意” Ihadatwoweekleave.（4）takeleaveof=takeonesleave意為“向告別” Hetookhisleaveandwenthome.14、Barry suggested putting food, water and medicine in a disaster surviv

25、al kit. 巴里建議把食物、水和藥品放進(jìn)一個災(zāi)難救生包里。 （1）suggest后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式，但不接動詞不定式。Hesuggestedgoingbyplane,butIthoughtitwouldcosttoomuch. （2）suggest sb. to do sth. 向某人建議某事 What did you suggest to the manager? （3）suggest表“建議”，其后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，即“主語（+should）+動詞原形”I suggest（that）we （should）hold a meeting.15、In

26、 the end, the asteroid did not hit the Earth. 最后，小行星沒有撞擊地球。辨析：in the end, finally, at last（1）intheend意為“終于”“最后”，表示經(jīng)過許多變化、周折或捉摸不定的情況后發(fā)生了某事，也許是期待中的情況，也許是非期待中的情況。還可以表示一種推測。Heworkedhard,andintheendhesucceeded.（2）atlast僅僅用于表示經(jīng)過周折、等待或努力出現(xiàn)所期待的結(jié)果，不用于出現(xiàn)非期待的結(jié)果。Mysonisathomeintheend/atlast.（3）finally既可用于表示時間位置

27、，相當(dāng)于intheend，也可以用于表示時間的先后順序，如同first(ly)，second(ly)，next，then，last，lastly等詞的用法。Finally,Idliketothankyouallforcoming.【EX.1】一、根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示完成單詞。1. The old man is d_. He cant hear anything.2. My dog is m_. Can you help me find it?3. All of them are _（注視）at the computer screen.4. We dont know whether hes

28、 _（活著）or dead.5. The road was so narrow that cars were unable to _（通過）。二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. This was the worst _(nature) disaster in the history of the United States.2. Look! There are two _(coach) in front of our school.3. Some countries would be _(flood) if sea level around the world rose.4. I have no

29、 time _(think) about these questions.5. Mary suggested _(go) there by bus and I agreed.16、It is only five-minute walk from my home to the school. five-minute為合成形容詞，意為“五分鐘的”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞-名詞”形式，其中的名詞必須用單數(shù)形式；另外也有“數(shù)詞-名詞-形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)合成的形容詞。合成形容詞只能放在名詞前作定語，不能做表語。 Eg: Well have a three-day holiday. My best friend is

30、a sixteen-year-old girl from a village.17、How far is your home from school?辨析：how long, how often, how far, how soon(1) how long：1. 表示多長時間，主要用來對一段時間(如three days, four weeks 等)提問。A：How long did he stay here? 他在這兒呆了多久?B：About two weeks. 大約兩個星期。2. 表示某東西有多長。A：How long is the river? 這條河有多長？B：About 500 km

31、. 大約500千米。(2) how often：指每隔多久，主要用來對頻度副詞或狀語(如：once a week, three times a month 等)提問。A：How often does he come here? 他(每隔)多久來一次?B：Once a month. 每月一次。(3) how soon：指再過多久，主要用來對表示將來的一段時間(如：in an hour, in two weeks 等)提問。A：How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回來?B：In an hour. 1 小時以后。(4) How far：多遠(yuǎn)，用來詢問距離的遠(yuǎn)近。A：How

32、far is it from here to the zoo?B：Its 6 kilometers.18、I heard that her son died in the flood. die 意為“死”，不能用于被動語態(tài)；強調(diào)動作，是瞬間的動作，不能用于完成時，也不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如果要與便是一段時間的狀語連用，需使用be dead。 The man died two years ago. = The man has been dead for two years.辨析：die from 與 die ofdie from “由于而死”，多指死于外因，后常接表示災(zāi)禍、衰弱、負(fù)傷等名

33、詞。而die of “因.而死”，多指死于內(nèi)因，后常接年老、疾病、情感等名詞。 That soldier died from the deadly wound. The worker died of an illness.19、You found someone smoking in the forest. find sb. doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人們正在做某事 find sb. do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人們做了某事I found a pen lying on the playground.I found her open the door.20、However, the ice kept

34、falling. 然而，冰卻一直在下落。 Keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)/重復(fù)做某事 Keeping smiling. Keep doing sth. 使/讓.一直做某事 He kept us waiting for three hours.21、單元語法：it作形式主語1. it作主語指時間、日期、天氣、距離和氣溫等。 Its Sunday today.2. it 作形式主語代替動詞不定式，常用于以下句型： (1) Its +形容詞+(for/of sb) +to do sth. Its very kind of you to do that. Its necessary for th

35、e students to do eye exercises twice a day.注：該句型有時可以與It is + adj. + that從句的句型互換使用，意思不變。It is necessary for you to train yourself before the walk.= It is necessary that you will train yourself before the walk.(2) It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費某人多少時間It takes him an hour to do his homewor

36、k every day.(3) It+be+名詞+動詞不定式It was great fun to have a party there.3. It seems(seemed) / appears(appeared) that +從句It seems that he knows everything.【EX.2】單項選擇1. Thepriceofwheatishigherthan_ofrice.A.it B.that C.one D.this2. -Whydontwetakealittlebreak?-Didntwejusthave_?A.itB.thatC.one D.this3.Hesug

37、gestedthatthemeeting_putoff.A.notbe B.shouldnot C.wouldnt D.benot 4. - XiaoWang,_willittaketoflytoGuangzhou?-Sorry,Idonotknow.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howmanyD.howlong5._thatthescientistwillgiveusatalknextmonth?A.Istrue B.Isittrue C.Itstrue D.Itstruly單元測試一、單項選擇題。（ ）1. -_ is it from here to the railway sta

38、tion? -About ten kilometres.A. How far B. How fast C. How soon D. How often（ ）2. Mary feels unhappy because nobody seems to _ her progress.A. notice B. look C. watch D. read（ ）3. What _ it is!A. nice day B. nice weather C. a nice weather D. nice a weather （ ）4. The line is _. What should we do?A. de

39、af B. alive C. dead D. missing（ ）5. He hurt her _ badly _ she had to see a doctor.A. too; that B. so; that C. either; or D. too; to（ ）6. Each of us has to write a _ report every two weeks.A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words（ ）7.-May I listen to music he

40、re, Mr. White?-Sorry, youd better _ it like that.A. not to do B .not do C. dont do D. not do to（ ）8. My daughter wants a rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy _for her.A. it B. one C. the one D. that（ ）9. His friends asked him _ up smoking.A. give B. to give C. gave D. giving（ ）10. When she hea

41、rd the news, she looked at me _ surprise.A. for B. to C. at D. in（ ）11. The little boy is _ lovely _ everyone likes him.A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. enough; that（ ）12. _ foggy day!A. How B. What C. How a D. What a（ ）13. Finish your homework first, and then youll _ watch TV for an hour.A.

42、can B. be able to C. able to D. could（ ）14. Our teacher often asks us _ _ questions in groups.A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed（ ）15. What a pity! Liu Xiang didnt win the _ hurdles.A. 110-metre B. 110-metres C. 110 metre D. 110 metes（ ）16. -Do you know that Mr. Zhang passes _ _ las

43、t week?-Yes. He died _ illness.A .away; of B. on; from C. by; with D. off; as（ ）17. He lost his key. It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wifes return.A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay（ ）18. -Youd better _ early. It is good for your health.-Thanks. Ill do as you say.A. get up B. to get up C

44、. getting up D. got up二、語法選擇。Earthquakearecommon:thousandsofthemhappeneachday.Butmostaretooweaktofeel.Duringa_1_earthquake,thereisoftenagreatnoisefirst.Thentheearth_2_terriblyandmanyhousesfalldown.Railwaytracksbreakandtrainsgo_3_lines;agreatmanyfactoriesaredestroyed;thousandsofdeathsarecaused,andman

45、ymorelosehomes.Besidesthegreatdamageanddeathscausedbytheearthquake_4_,otheraccidentssuchasfiresoften_5_. Morebuildingsaredestroyedandmoredeathscaused.Itiswellknownofthedangersofanearthquake,_6_forcenturiesmanhasbeenmakingresearchesonearthquakes.Morethan2000yearsago,_7_,aChinesescientistnamedZhangHen

46、ginventedamachinewhichcould_8_fromwhichdirectiontheseismicwaves（地震波）hadcome,andthismachineisstillusedbyscientiststoday.Nowweknowmuchmoreaboutearthquakeand_9_theyhappen,butwestillcant_10_exactlywhenandwhereanearthquakewillhappen,andcantstopitfromhappening.1.A.real B.weak C.big D.small2.A.moves B.shak

47、es C.bumps D.breaks3.A.on B.along C.off D.with4.A.them B.it C.themselves D.itself5.A.follow B.get C.have D.enter6.A.because B.and C.but D.then.7.A.asaresultB.infact C.forexample D.aswell8.A.findoutB.thinkup C.pointat D.lookfor9.A.whereB.why C.what D.when10.A.sayB.talk C.speak D.Tell三、完形填空。Thousandso

48、fyearsago,humandidntliveintowns.Sometimestheywouldliveincavesorbuildcamps(宿營地)intheforest.Onlyaboutthirtypeople_1_ineachcamp.Themenwouldgohuntingwhilethewomenandchildren_2_foodfromthetreesaroundthecamp.Allthefoodwas_3_betweeneveryoneinthegroup.Everyfewweekstheymovedtoanotherplacetofindmorefood.Itwas

49、asimplelife,butpeoplehadtobe_4_.Theyhadtomake everythingthattheyneeded,andtheyhadtoknowalotaboutplantsandanimals.Nowadays_5_thanintheolddays.Therearefewer_6_,butthereislessexcitement.Somepeoplego_7_excitementsailingroundtheworld,climbingmountains,orexploringcaves.Mostpeoplelookforwardtothe_8_,atimew

50、hentheycanenjoyachangefromtheirnormallife.Forsomethismeansgoingcamping.Butcampingtodayis_9_fromcampinginthepast.Gascookers,ready-madefoodandair-bedsmeanpeoplecancampmuchmore_10_thantheydidintheoldtimes.1.A.lived B.talked C.came D.danced2.A.planted B.collectedC.watched D.bought3. A.found B.used C.shared D.sold4.A.polite B.kind C.careful D.clever5.A.worse B.faster C.easier D.harder6.A.dangers B.stories C.people D.animals7.A.waitingforB.lookingforC.turningon D.puttingon8.A.dreams B.gif