07被動語態(tài)精講-2020年高考英語語法突破真題精講+課件

1、被動語態(tài)第12頁共12頁Look at the following pictures and please tell me what happened to the man.An unlucky manThe man is punched.The man was kicked.The man is scratched.The man is bitten.1 .被動語態(tài)是高考英語學習的重要語法項目之一，它的結構和用法比較復雜，也很容易出現(xiàn)很多的陷阱題，是高中階段英語學習的一個重點。2 .被動語態(tài)在高考中經(jīng)常和時態(tài)一起考察，一般出現(xiàn) 1-2題，分值1-2分。除了直 接在語法填空、短文改錯中考到，寫

2、作中也會用到，另外，在閱讀理解中正確理解 被動語態(tài)的含義也非常重要。3 .在英語中，被動語態(tài)使用得比漢語要普遍，因此被動語態(tài)在英語中極為重要。許多課本 及考試乃至實際應用中都常常涉及到被動語態(tài)。一.冷菽擊演動i音.現(xiàn)自行flr的被前一在完窗晤春梗動1=的導被動語態(tài) 高一上留下一 痢不代形式的被-k】g形母7校動語匯/動語舌的他比洞語:引概法被動語卷啊用泮*精阱精練動詞語態(tài)的概述動詞的語態(tài)表示主語與謂語之間的關系主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者He wrote a novel.（主語he是動作wrote的執(zhí)行者）被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承文名A novel was written by h

3、im.（主語A novel是動作的承爻者）【即學即練】找到下列句子的主語，并判斷是動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。1. Someone met him at the station this morning.主語： ,是（動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者）.2. He was met at the station this morning.主語： ,是（動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者）.被動語態(tài)的構成（肯定句、否定句、疑問句）,般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)I wash clothes.觀察變化后的兩個句子，總結被動語態(tài)的動詞形式:被動語態(tài)（be done）被動語態(tài)be字變過去分詞跟后面看圖組句子：參考下頁圖片,般過去時的被動語態(tài)

4、The bridge was built last year.The road was repaired last year.The thieves were caught by police.一般過去時的被動語態(tài) wa八were + done看圖組句子：肯定句、否定句、疑問句,般將來時的被動語態(tài)1 will plant more and more trees.Mure utid more trees nil! be p加iiteiL1 will protect the rivers.RRers will be protected.I Mill build more svhiwK More s

5、chools will be built,I . 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：will/shall be + done ; be going to be done四.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)What s my grandpa doing?Mj Rriindpii k wuieiiii the fluwers*bv doneThe (lowers are being watered by my grandpa*The clavichord is being repaired by him.I am being criticized by the teacher.現(xiàn)在迸行時的被動語態(tài)(uni$ re bei

6、ng + done5 .其他時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進疔時的被動語態(tài)am is ;ire beih + (lone 過去進行時的被動語態(tài) vas verc heing + done |現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)have hs betn + doneI have defined the bedroomtrhe bedroom hm been cleaned by me.The photos have been taken by me.6 .小結【各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結構】一般現(xiàn)在時amisarc +donc一般過去時waswerc + dnnc一般將來時will be + done現(xiàn)在進行時a向inare b

7、eing + done*過去進行時wtiswcrc being + done現(xiàn)在完成時lKHehj5 been + done過去完成時had been + done含有情態(tài)動詞canmayjnust he + done *being不能省略【即學即練】1. Paper money(use)for over a thousand years.2. The fire (get)to the fifth floor. All the people ( save).3. Till now, three films (show)in that small village this month.4. Wo

8、uld you please keep silent? The weather report (broadcast)(正在播放) and I want to listen.5. My sister is working in the power factory that(build) for just one year.6. The problemi(discuss)tomorrow.7. He said that work(finish).8. The baby should be (take) good care of by the baby-sitter.9. NO SMOKING sh

9、ould(see) in the stores even in many parts of the city.10. Many interesting experiences(carry)out these days.知識點三特殊形式的被動語態(tài)1 .含有情態(tài)動詞的被動含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)tnnymust be十donePassing planes can be heard night and day. The kev must be found bv me.2 .含有雙賓語的被動She me a book.I w ns yi en 刃 bnoli bv henA book v us ttix

10、cn to me by her.He sent me an invitation.I was sent an invitation by him.【即學即練】My mom has bought me an iPhone.I.An iPhone3.表里不一的代表“一感” “二聽” “三讓” “五看”主動to字要離去，被動to字要回府。feel hear/listen to make/let/have see/look/watch/notice/observeThe boss made them work day and night.They were made to work day and n

11、ightI saw him stval the cabbage.He w】i seen to sUal the cabbage.【即學即練】標出下列句子的成分，并將句子改為被動語態(tài)1. We can write letters in English.2. Parents should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.3. You must clean your bedroom every day.4. I heard him sing a song.麗熾點四主動表被動 系動詞：描述主語特征，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物This

12、 kind of pen writes very smoothly.This kind nf shirt sells very well.Moon cakes taste delicious.looksoundwrite sell注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調外界作用造成的影 響。試比較：The door won t lock.指門本身有毛?。㏕he door won t be locke指不會有人來鎖門，指 門沒有鎖”是人的原因） 表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out,

13、come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主動形式表示被動意義。例：How do the newspapers come out?這些報紙是如何出來的呢？ be +under/ in等介詞+名詞表示現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的含義。(名詞前一般不用冠詞)例：The city is under attack (= is being attacked) at the moment.【即學即練】1. English is widely used. Many business letters around the world(write)in

14、it.2. They(ask)to help to the farmers with the harvest last autumn.3. Mary some songs in her room last night.A. was heard to singB. is heard to singC. was heard singingD. is heard singing4. Great changes(take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories (set) up.5. Come and sit down by the fire. You

15、r hand(feel)cold.6. The article( read) well.7. The problem is under (discuss)at the meeting非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。1 . need, want, require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當 于動詞不定式的被動形式。My hair nevds cutting.Mv hair needs to be culThe car needs repairing.Fhe clothes need washing. The c

16、lothes need to be washed.The car needs to be repaired.2 . worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例：The picture-book is well worth reading. (= The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)3 .動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關系，不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例：I have a lot of things to do this

17、 afternoon.（to do與things是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。）例：I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?（此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。）4 .形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有 nice, easy, fit,hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant,interesting 等。例：This prob

18、lem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）.5 .在too- - to 結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。例：This book is too expensive （for me） to buy.6 .在there be 句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例：There is no time to lose （to be lost）.（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose； 用 to be lost, 誰 lo

19、st time 不明確。）【即學即練】1. I have much work.我有許多要做的事情。2. Tom is looking for a room to . Tom 在找一間住的房間。3. The question is difficult .這個問題很難回答。4. He said that his teeth required（ repair）.n當堂總結j定義被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者時一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are + done一般過去時was/were +done一般將來時will be + done現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are +being done結構過去進行時was/were + being done現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been + done過去完成時had + been done主動 形式 表不 被