最新6級(jí)考前最新命制試卷二有答案

1、For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercial use蒈級(jí)考前最新命制試卷二螅膄 Part IWriting(30 minutes)膁 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitledShould Foreign AbbreviationsBe Banned on TV?. You should write at least 150 words following the outline give

2、n below.芀薄目前有些電視臺(tái)禁止在節(jié)目中使用外來(lái)縮略語(yǔ)芄 1. 對(duì)這種做法有人表示支持薂 2. 有人并不贊成蚈 3. 我認(rèn)為 薇莃 Should Foreign Abbreviations Be Banned on TV?蠆莀_莆_蒃_肀袈 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)膅薃 Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions

3、on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.蒁薀 Factors for Stress and Anxiety膈蚃 At some point in their lives virtually everyone will experience stress

4、ful events or situations that overwhelm their natural coping mechanisms. In one poll, 89% of respondents indicated that they had experienced serious stress in their lives. Some people are simply biologically prone to stress. Factors leading to stress and anxiety mainly are as follows:袂 Risk Factors肇

5、 Conditions that are most likely to be associated with stress and negative physical effects include the following:羇 * An accumulation of persistent stressful situations, particularly those that a person cannot easily control (for example, high-pressured work plus an unhappy relationship).螃 * Persist

6、ent stress following a severe acute response to a stabbing event (such as an automobile accident).芃 * Acute stress accompanying serious illness, such as heart disease.蝿 People respond to stress differently, depending on different factors:蚅 * Early nurturing: Abusive behavior towards children may cau

7、se long-term abnormalities (反常 ) in the hypothalamus-pituitary system, which regulates stress.螃 * Personality traits: Certain people have personality traits that cause them to over-respond to stressful events.葿 * Genetic factors: Some people have genetic factors that affect stress, such as having a

8、more or less efficient relaxation response. One study found a genetic abnormality in serotonin (血清素 ) regulation that was connectedwith a heightened reaction of heart rates and blood pressure in response to stress. (Serotonin is a brain chemical involved with feelings of well-being.)膇 * Immune-regul

9、ated diseases: Certain diseases that are associated with immune abnormalities such asrheumatoid arthritis(類(lèi)風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎) may actually weaken a response to stress.蒄 * The length and quality of stressors: Naturally, the longer the duration and the more intense the stressors, the more harmful the effects.袃 C

10、hildhood Factors袀 Children are frequent victims of stress because they are often unable to communicate their feelings accurately. They also have trouble communicating their responses to events over which they have no control. Certain physical symptoms, notably repeated abdominal pain without a known

11、 cause, may be indicators of stress in children. Various conditions can affect their susceptibility to stress.衿 Parental stress, especially in mothers, is a particularly powerful source of stress in children, even more important than poverty or overcrowding. Young children of mothers who are highly

12、stressed (particularly if theywere depressed) tend to be at high risk for developingstress-related problems. This may be especially trueif themothers were stressed during both the child s infancy and early years. Some evidence even supports the old idea tstress during pregnancy ca n have adverse eff

13、ects on the infant s mood and behavior. Older children with stressedmothers may become aggressive and anti-social. Another study suggested that stress-reduction techniques in parentsmay improve their children s behavior.蕆 Adolescent boys and girls experience equal amounts of stress, but the source a

14、nd effects may differ. Girls tend to become stressed from interpersonal situations, and stress is more likely to lead to depression in girls than in boys. For boys, however, specific events, such as changing schools or getting poor grades, appear to be the major sources of stress.羃 Work and Stress芁

15、In a study of 46,000 workers, health care costs were 147% higher in workers who were stressed or depressed than in others who were not. Furthermore, according to one survey, 40% of American workers describe their jobs as very stressful, making job-related stress an important and preventable health h

16、azard.莇 Several studies are now suggesting that job-related stress is as great a threat to health as smoking or not exercising. Stress impairs concentration, causes sleeplessness, and increases the risk for illness, back problems, accidents, and lost time from work. Work stress can lead to harassmen

17、t or even violence while on the job. At its most extreme, chronic stress places a burden on the heart and circulation that in some cases may be fatal. The Japanese even have a word for sudden death due to overwork, karoushi.芆 Many institutions within the current culture, while paying lip service to

18、stress reduction, put intense pressureon individuals to behave in ways that increase tension. Yet, there are numerous effective management tools and techniques available to reduce stress. Furthermore, treatment for work-related stress has proven benefits for both the employee and employer. In one st

19、udy, at the end of 2 years, a company that instituted a stress management program saved nearly $150,000 in workers compensations costs (the cost of the program was only $6,000). Other studies have reported specific health benefits resulting from workplace stress-management programs. In one of the st

20、udies, workers with hypertension experienced reduced blood pressure after even a brief (16-hour) program that helped them manage stress behaviorally.肂 In general, however, few workplaces offer stress management programs, and it is usually up to the employees to find their own ways to reduce stress.

21、Here are some suggestions:螞 * Seek out someone in the Human Resources department or a sympathetic manager and communicate concerns about job stress. Work with them in a non-confrontational way to improve working conditions, letting them know that productivity can be improved if some of the pressure

22、is off.聿 * Establish or reinforce a network of friends at work and at home.肅 * Restructure priorities and eliminate unnecessary tasks.膂 * Learn to focus on positive outcomes.肅 * If the job is unendurable, plan and execute a career change. Send out resumes or work on getting a transfer within the com

23、pany.薇 * If this isn t possible,ure tobeschedule daily pleasant activities and physical exercise during free time.肈 It may be helpful to keep in mind that bosses are also victimized by the same stressful conditions they are imposing. For example, in one study of male managers in three Swedish compan

24、ies, those who worked in a bureaucracy had greater stress-related heart risks than those who worked in companies with social supports.節(jié) Caregiving膀 Studies show that caregivers of physically or mentally disabled family members are at risk for chronic stress. One study reported that overall mortality

25、 rates were over 60% higher in caregivers who were under constant stress. Spouses caring for a disabled partner are particularly vulnerable to a range of stress-related health threats, including influenza, depression, heart disease, and even poorer survival rates. Caring for a spouse with even minor

26、 disabilities can induce severe stress.艿 Intervention programs that are aimed at helping the caregiver approach the situation positively can reduce stress, and help the caregiver maintain a positive attitude. A 2002 program also demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise was very helpful in reduc

27、ing stress and improving sleep in caregivers.袇 Caregiving among the health professionals is also a high risk factor for stress. One study, for example, found that registered nurses with low job control, high job demands, and low work-related social support experienced very dramatic health declines,

28、both physically and emotionally.莂 Anxiety Disorders薁 People who are less emotionally stable or have high anxiety levels tend to experience specific events as more stressful than others. Some doctors describe an exaggerated negative response to stress as treating the event as a catastrophe. Neverthel

29、ess, a 2003 study of patients with anxiety disorder did not find any differences in actual physical response to stress (heart rate, blood pressure, release of stress hormones) compared to people without anxiety.羈 Lacking a Social Network蚆 The lack of an established network of family and friendspredi

30、sposes (使預(yù)先有傾向) one to stress disordersand stress-related health problems, including heart disease and infections. A study, meanwhile, reported that older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children are buffered against the adverse health effects of chronic stress-inducing sit

31、uations, such as low-income or lower-social class. Another study suggested this may be because people who live alone are unable to discuss negative feelings as a means to relieve their stress.莂 Studies of people who remain happy and healthy despite many life stresses conclude that most have very goo

32、d networks of social support. One study indicated that support even from strangers reduced blood pressure surges in people undergoing a stressful event. Many studies suggest that having a pet helps reduce medical problems aggravated by stress, including heart disease and high blood pressure.羂蒈 1. St

33、ress is most likely to rise from conditions in which _.莄A) two persons with different characteristics work together蒂B) a person always recalls past painful experience莂C) a person has just gotten over a serious physical disease膀D) parents abuse their children too much in early nurturing蕆薂 2. Immune-r

34、egulated diseases are related to stress because such diseases _.葿A) tend to produce a stress-related chemical薈B) will affect a person s character severely膆C) will make people weak in body and soul螞D) tend to undermine the response to stress袀芀 3. We can consider our children under stress when they _.

35、羅A) are unable to communicate their feelings accurately羅B) have trouble communicating their responses to events莁C) often feel abdominal pain without a known reason螈D) have a poor and overcrowded family羈肅 4. Stress is likely to strike teenaged girls when they _.螂A) have an aggressive and anti-social

36、mother蒀B) fail to build a sound relationship with pals螇C) get into a new school environment膅D) fail to pass an important school test膃羈 5. Which one is the most serious effect of chronic work stress according to the passage?薆A) Harassment.芅B) Violence.芀C) Heart burden.蠆D) Karoushi.芅蒞 6. The 2-year-lo

37、ng study is presented in the passage mainly to show that stress management programs _.蟻A) cost little肇B) cost much莇C) benefit the employers蒅D) benefit the employees肁衿 7. What does the author suggest doing when we can t endure a job?肆A) Changing to a new institute.薅B) Asking senior colleagues for hel

38、p.蒂C) Founding a sound social network.芇D) Focusing more on positive outcomes.裊薅 8.Caregiversofdisabledfamilymembersarereportedtoundergoamortalityrateof蕿 _.罿蚄 9.A cc o r d in gtoth ep r o g r amin20 0 2,car eg ive r swe r eex p ec t edtor ed uc estr essby蚄_.羀蕆 10. Older people who maintain active rel

39、ationships with their adult children have less stress because they have someone to _.蚇螄 Part IIIListening Comprehension(35 minutes)莁腿 Section A蒆 Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be a

40、sked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2w

41、ith a single line through the centre.襖螂 11. A) The man doesn t want to go to the movies.蚇B) The woman is too tired to go to the movies.膅C) The man wants to go to the movies.羄D) The woman wants to go out for dinner.膃莈 12. A) Colleagues.羋 B) Husband and wife.肄C) Teacher and student.荿D) Mother and son.

42、肀肆 13. A) Coming back for a later show.膄 B) Waiting in the queue.羆C) Coming back in five minutes.螄D) Not going to see the movie today.肁蒀 14. A) Both shirts.莇 B) The green shirt.蒆C) The red shirt.螀D) Neither of the shirts.蕿螈 15. A) She wants to go to the laboratory.羄B) She will go to the concert.袃C)

43、She is going to study in the library.蠆D) She wants to hear a lecture on American history.羅蚆 16. A) The man should go to the game with her tonight.薂B) The game will not be on television.蠆C) The results of the game were announced in the newspaper.莆D) The man can find the information about the game in

44、the newspaper.肄莁 17. A) To be a writer.蝿 B) To be a driver.螇C) To go into the family business.螆D) To become an artist.莄衿 18. A) The committee has just begun to write the report.膈B) The committee report will be short.芃C) The committee members have just become acquainted.膂D) The report is finished exc

45、ept for the introduction.罿薈 Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.羅 19. A) A tale related to bamboo.羈 B) Different kinds of bamboo.聿C) Bamboo artifacts in Japanese culture.蚅D) The use of bamboo in Asian countries.蒃蝕 20. A) The Shinto gods lived inside the bamboo.腿 B) B

46、amboo was the food of the Shinto gods.肆C) The Shinto gods used bamboo to build houses.膅D) The early inhabitants worship bamboo as the Shinto gods.螃膈 21. A) It has many joints.蕆 B) It can be easily planted.薃C) It has a delicate fragrance.蒂D) It is a strong plant but can be easily bent.羋袈 22. A) It is

47、 used to add sugar.蒞 B) It is used for mixing tea.芁C) It is used for measuring tea.莈D) It is used as a tea container.艿螃 Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.芄 23. A) Rooms were overbooked for that evening.蒈B) The hotel clerk confused him with another guest.莆C) There w

48、ere no more rooms available for five people.蒄D) The price for the room was higher than he expected.肅薈 24. A) A single room.螇 B) A double room.膆 C) A honeymoon suite.袁 D) A room for five people.蚈膇 25. A) She charged no money for the room.蚄B) She provided the man with three free meals.蝕螈 Section B薈 Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer