高考復(fù)習(xí)(句子成分,簡(jiǎn)單句,并列句)

1、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句衡南九中 殷老師編制學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： 1.熟記簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型 2.會(huì)判斷簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型3.了解英語(yǔ)句子的分類(lèi)方法4.會(huì)從結(jié)構(gòu)上區(qū)別認(rèn)識(shí)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句及復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型課前熱身、劃分句子成分并判斷這些句子的類(lèi)型1. She is a very good girl . ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ))2. The girl is very good. ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ))3. They laughed. ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) 4. The kites fly in the sky. ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞)5. I bought a

2、 new bike. ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ))6. He plays volleyball. ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ))7. She told me a story. ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ))8. He gave me a good book. ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ))9.He asked me to help him. ( )(_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ))10.He made me happy. ( ) (_語(yǔ)) (_詞) (_語(yǔ)) (_語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)擂臺(tái)英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一S.+V. (主謂)基本句型二S.

3、+V.+P. (主系表)基本句型三S.+V.+O. (主謂賓)基本句型四S.+V.+I.O.+D.O. (主謂間賓直賓)基本句型五S.+V.+O.C. (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))一、S.+V. (主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))請(qǐng)看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1The sun was shining.2We all breathe, eat, and drink.3Who cares?4. What he said does not matter.5They talked for half an hour.6The pen writes smoothly.此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞

4、叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。(1)這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：take place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，come，die，exist，fall，rise，hang(可作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞)等。(2)有些動(dòng)詞如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，draw，cook，read等可以在后面加副詞表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2二、S.+V.+P. (主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ))請(qǐng)看下列例句并仿照劃開(kāi)句子成分1This is an EnglishChinese dictionary.2The dinner

5、 smells good.3He fell in love.4Everything looks different.5He is growing tall and strong.6The trouble is that they are short of money.7Our well has gone dry.8His face turned red.歸納提示：在該句型中，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。連系動(dòng)詞分兩類(lèi)：(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be，look，seem，appear，

6、smell，taste，sound，sit，stand，lie，keep，remain，stay等。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，prove等。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3三、S.+V.+O. (主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))請(qǐng)看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1Who knows the answer?2She smiled her thanks.3He has refused to help them.4He enjoys reading.5They ate what was left over.6He said “Good morning.”7I want to

7、 have a cup of tea.8He admits that he was mistaken.這種句型中的動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞或者相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。同時(shí)，句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)的狀語(yǔ)。另外，動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)跟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，有些只跟不定式，而有些只跟動(dòng)名詞。跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，pro

8、mise，refuse，seek，threaten，wish，arrange，learn，etc.跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)有：acknowledge(承認(rèn))，admit，appreciate(感激)，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，prevent，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit(放棄)，risk，(cant)stand，suggest，advise等；動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：give up，put off，feel like，set about，insist on等。四、S.+V.+I.O.+D.

9、O.(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ))請(qǐng)看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1She ordered herself a new dress.2She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3He bought you a dictionary./He bought a dictionary for you.4I showed him my pictures./I showed my pictures to him.5I gave my car a wash.6I told him that the bus was late.7He showed me how to run

10、 the machine.此句型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是能帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。這種句型中間接賓語(yǔ)常常指“人”，直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：award，give，offer，bring，buy，show，bring，leave，lend，pass，pay，promise，send，take，tell，get，book，fetch，find，make，order等。該句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：(1)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)for sb.(buy，provide)。(2)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)to sb.(give，offer，show，lend)。知

11、識(shí)點(diǎn)5五、S.+V.+O.+O.C. (主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))請(qǐng)看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1They appointed him manager.2They painted the door green.3This set them thinking.4They found the house deserted.5What makes him think so?6We saw him out.7He asked me to come back soon.8I saw them getting on the bus.在英語(yǔ)中，有些動(dòng)詞接了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)后句子意思仍不完整，還需要再加上一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)放

12、在賓語(yǔ)之后來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明其身份、特征、狀態(tài)或所做的動(dòng)作，這種“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這是與雙賓語(yǔ)的不同之處。一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：let，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。歸納總結(jié) 1.只有 動(dòng)詞后才會(huì)帶賓語(yǔ)，雙賓語(yǔ)是指 和 ，而復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)為 的結(jié)構(gòu)2.只有 動(dòng)詞后才會(huì)帶表語(yǔ)，所以要牢記這些動(dòng)詞，不要只記得be3. 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)與雙賓語(yǔ)的不同之處在于： 4.你能結(jié)合下列兩個(gè)例句分析一下哪個(gè)是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)嗎？I gave my car a was

13、h. （提示：不能說(shuō)“我的車(chē)子是一個(gè)澡”my car is a wash）I saw them getting on the bus.（提示：可以說(shuō)“他們正上車(chē)”They are getting on the bus ）隨堂演練完成句子并寫(xiě)出句型代碼。1他感到焦慮。He worried.( )2這孩子看起來(lái)像只猴子。The child like a monkey.( )3你必須保持健康。You must .( )4這種混合物味道太難嘗了。The mixture .( )5他變得對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣。He in science.( )6現(xiàn)在我的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Now my dream has .( )7昨晚

14、他顯得十分疲倦。He last night.( )8這項(xiàng)工程持續(xù)了4年。The project .( )9一個(gè)農(nóng)民來(lái)到一個(gè)婦女家。A farmer a womans house.( )10這種事每個(gè)晚上都發(fā)生。It .( )11他們正在吃早飯。They .( )12我希望不久收到到你的來(lái)信。I from you soon.( )13她不喜歡乘飛機(jī)旅行。She by air.( )14他們教我們漢語(yǔ)。They .( )15記者們把它們交給了編輯。Reporters the editor.( )16請(qǐng)把信拿給我好嗎？Would you please ？( )17他們打算將入口大廳涂為白色。They

15、 are going to the entrance hall .( )18我不會(huì)讓你走的。I wont .19父親看見(jiàn)他坐在一些雞蛋上。His father him on some eggs.20我該把他留在家中嗎？Shall I him ？( )簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句及復(fù)合句學(xué)習(xí)擂臺(tái)一）句子按照用途來(lái)分類(lèi)種 類(lèi)類(lèi) 型例 句陳述句肯定句We love our motherland. 否定句They dont go to work on Sundays. 疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句Are you a worker? Havent you seen the film? 特殊疑問(wèn)句Who is the man? W

16、hen do you watch TV? What are they doing now? 選擇疑問(wèn)句Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 反意疑問(wèn)句They are going to the airport, arent they? You havent finished your homework, have you? 祈使句肯定句Be sure to get there at eight. 否定句Dont worry. Ill help

17、you out. 感嘆句what + 名詞What great changes we have had these years! What a fine day it is! how + 形容詞或副詞How brave he is! How hard they are working! how +句子How time flies! How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj. +nHow nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 二）句子按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)用途來(lái)分類(lèi)1)簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)

18、(或并列謂語(yǔ))的句子。 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.課堂練習(xí)請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型 注:其他各種句子都是在簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型這一種基礎(chǔ)擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。 2) 并列句:由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 You help him and he helps you.The future

19、 is bright ; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。并列句的分類(lèi)由并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的互相關(guān)連而又互相獨(dú)立的獨(dú)句(即簡(jiǎn)單句)連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句1、聯(lián)合并列句常用并列詞是and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then, or, eitheror, otherwise等連接。Use your head, and youll find a way.Hurry up, or youll miss the train.2、轉(zhuǎn)折并列句常用的連詞有but/yet, however

20、, , while/whereas(而), nevertheless（然而不過(guò)），still（可是）等。The film is not perfect , still its good這部電影不完美，可是還不錯(cuò)He wants to be a writer while I want to be a doctor.3、因果并列句表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。I was late, so we went home.提示：在”祈使句+and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 當(dāng)前后兩部分間為承接關(guān)系時(shí), 用and;前后意思為相反關(guān)系時(shí), 用or.可將前面的祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換成由if

21、引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句, 但必須將and 或or 去掉.如: Hurry up, and well be there in time.= If we hurry up, well be there in time.注意：because和so; although, though和but 不能連用 3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。復(fù)合句常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（還有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)）The news that our women volleyball team had won the championsh

22、ip encouraged us all greatly. 我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。（同位語(yǔ)從句）A man who doesnt learn from others cant achieve much.一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能有多少成就的。（定語(yǔ)從句）The film had begun when we got to the cinema.（狀語(yǔ)從句）復(fù)合句的分類(lèi)復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。復(fù)合句常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（還有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)）這里不再多說(shuō)，在以后教材中會(huì)有專(zhuān)題學(xué)習(xí)補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)：并列連詞連接兩個(gè)

23、或兩個(gè)以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。從屬連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句，形成復(fù)雜句中的從屬分句。大致可分為三大類(lèi)：1）、that （無(wú)詞義，不做成分）if，whether （表達(dá)是否的意義，但不做句子成分）2）、連接代詞：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有詞義，在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)）3）、連接副詞：when，where，why，how，how課堂練習(xí)判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句還是并列句和復(fù)合句1. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 2. Neither h

24、as he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 3. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.4. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 歸納總結(jié)我們知道簡(jiǎn)單句是含有一 和 的句子，凡是符合簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型的都可以判斷為簡(jiǎn)單句如果句子可以看做 “簡(jiǎn)單句+ +簡(jiǎn)單句”這種整體結(jié)構(gòu)的是并列句如果句子可以看是“主句+ +從句”的或者“從屬連詞+ +主句”的是復(fù)合句所以，區(qū)別并列句和簡(jiǎn)單句一般看 請(qǐng)結(jié)合下面的句子分析：1Going to a British hi

25、gh school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.我在英國(guó)上了一年的中學(xué)，那是一段我非常開(kāi)心、非常興奮的經(jīng)歷。2We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.上某些課的時(shí)候，我們班上的同學(xué)也不一樣，所以對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)記住所有人的長(zhǎng)相和名字可是一件難事。3I found that the homework was not as h

26、eavy as what I used to get in my old school.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這里的家庭作業(yè)不像我以前在原來(lái)學(xué)校時(shí)那么繁重。4I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from schools in China until I read your article.判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句: 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3.

27、 He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening課堂練習(xí)1. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition. A. then B. but C. and D. or2. （2010全國(guó)卷IT33） We havent discussed yet _we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where3. （2010江蘇卷T35） I prefer shutting