口譯技巧1 語音與文字

1、Session 2語音與文字語音與文字Vowels and ConsonantsnEnglish 12 vowelsn 8 diphthongsn 2 semi-vowels n 24 consonants nChinese 10 單韻母 (vowels)n 13 復(fù)韻母 (diphthongs)n 15 鼻韻母 (vowels+nasal consonants)n 22 聲母 (consonants)Vowels and ConsonantsnEnglish simple structuren more logicaln strict formsn conception-centred, s

2、traightforward, masculinenChinese greater varietiesn different levels of vowelsn relatively loose formsn apperception-centred, beautified, feminineThings Can Be Complex nEnglish: different combinations of letters to form syllables (phonemes)neg. son sun, fir fur, sea see, knot not, week weak, tail t

3、ale, meddle medalnChinese: 同音詞，近音詞，疊音詞neg. 音信音訊，隱諱隱晦，折中折衷，n統(tǒng)統(tǒng)通通，異香異鄉(xiāng)，期中期終IntonationsnChinese is a tonal language（聲調(diào)語言）.n Dead. Killed? No. Yes! n -Thomas Francis Wade (魏妥瑪)nEnglish is an intonational language（語調(diào)語言）.Functions of C & E Intonations 語調(diào)類型 降 調(diào)升 調(diào)平 調(diào)曲折調(diào)語調(diào)含義漢 英漢 英漢 英漢 英完整 未完 平敘 疑惑 命令 感嘆 含蓄

4、肯定 Linguistic Functions of Chinese Tonesn1.辨義功能（攤子，壇子，毯子，探子）n2.構(gòu)形功能（和氣，一唱一和，好人，好客）n3.分界功能（聲調(diào)聲調(diào)，音節(jié)音節(jié)）n4.修辭功能（翻江倒海，高談闊論，風平浪靜，山青水秀）Linguistic Functions of English Intonationsn1. Accentual function (nucleus placement)n2. Grammatical function (ambiguity elimination)n3. Semantic function (negative and que

5、stions)n4. Discourse function (conversational principles)What about the Form?n “.我還斗膽設(shè)想,如果漢語的詞像英語的詞那樣節(jié)奏不一,如male跟female(陽/陰) heaven跟earth(天/地)rational跟surd(有理數(shù)/無理數(shù)),漢語就不會有陰陽 乾坤之類影響深遠的概念。 趙元任n “受中庸哲學思想的影響，中國人的美學觀點中特別強調(diào)平衡美，除了極為頻繁地使用對仗這一修辭格，還大量使用四字詞組。 陳宏薇Examples Analysisn仕宦至將相，富貴歸故鄉(xiāng)。 歐陽修相州錦堂記n仕宦而至將相，富貴

6、而歸故鄉(xiāng)。Examples Analysisn All the ponds, lakes and rivers were frozen over, and the roads were covered with slippery ice or deep snow.n 所有的水塘、湖和河都凍上了，路被滑冰和厚厚雪蓋住了。n It was in 1957, not in 1958, that the Wuhan Bridge was completed.n 武漢橋是1957年建成，而不是1958年。n The Olympic Flames burns throughout the Games.n

7、奧林匹克火在運動會期間一直點著。n The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.n 尼羅河是世界最長河之一。Examples AnalysisnPresident Hu Jintaos speech at the opening ceremony of the 9th Fortune Global ForumnPrime Minister Tony Blairs speech on his third term of governmentExamples AnalysisnI believe both the Chinese and A

8、mericans aspire to many of the same things: to provide for our families, to teach our children, to build our communities, to protect our earth, to shape our own futures and pass brighter possibilities on to our children.n我相信中國人民中國人民與美國人民美國人民在許多方面有著共同的渴望。我們都希望能夠維持家庭、教育子維持家庭、教育子女、建設(shè)家園、保護地球女、建設(shè)家園、保護地球、

9、創(chuàng)造我們自己的未來、并為子孫后代子孫后代提供更光明的未來。Examples AnalysisnHaving 1.3 billion people, nearly a quarter of mankind, healthy, well-fed, clothed and housed, educated and given the opportunity for a higher standard of living is in the interest of good and decent people everywhere.n讓占世界人口四分之一的十三億中國人身體健身體健康、豐衣足食、居得其所

10、、接受教育、改善生康、豐衣足食、居得其所、接受教育、改善生活活，是符合所有善良正直善良正直人們的愿望的。Examples AnalysisnIn the short period of six days, we have gone a longer distance than the world-renowned “Long March”. We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the

11、 outside world.n在短暫的六天里，我們的行程超過了舉世聞名的“長征”。我們強烈地感受到，在改革開放政策引導(dǎo)下的中國，氣象萬千氣象萬千，活力四射活力四射，不不斷進步斷進步。Examples AnalysisnMr. President, your visit gives us both an opportunity and a responsibility. At the dawn of a new century and a new millennium, let us strengthen the bonds between us; let us pursue common c

12、auses; let us address our differences openly and with respect; let us build a better world for our children. n主席先生，您的訪問給了給了我們一個機遇，也賦賦予予我們一種責任。在新的世紀新的世紀、新的千年新的千年即將到來的時刻，讓我們加強彼此之間彼此之間的聯(lián)系，讓我們追尋共同的事業(yè)，讓我們開誠布公開誠布公、尊重尊重事實事實地處理我們的分歧，讓我們?yōu)榱宋覀兊淖幼訉O后代孫后代建設(shè)一個更加更加美好的世界。Examples Analysisn環(huán)顧全球，多極化趨勢正在加速發(fā)展加速發(fā)展?？茖W技術(shù)突飛

13、猛進突飛猛進，世界經(jīng)濟持續(xù)增長持續(xù)增長，國際貿(mào)易和投資不斷擴大不斷擴大，世界各國聯(lián)系更加緊密更加緊密，區(qū)域性的經(jīng)濟合作勢頭強勁勢頭強勁，成為世界經(jīng)濟新的增長點。nAround the world, the multi-polarization tendency is getting stronger. Science and technology advance very fast; world economy, international trade and investment keep increasing; the economic relations among countries

14、have become closer; and regional economic cooperation develops rapidly and has become a new growth sector for the whole world. Examples Analysisn中國政府將遵循互相尊重、平等互利、加強交互相尊重、平等互利、加強交流、共同發(fā)展流、共同發(fā)展的原則，為積極推動和促進亞太區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟合作繼續(xù)做出自己的努力。nThe Chinese government will continue to make its own effort to promote economi

15、c cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region in accordance with the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, intensified communication and common development.Examples Analysisn對于我本人和我的代表團成員來說，這是一個愉快而難忘的時刻。我接受閣下的邀請前來前來訪問你們偉大的國家，這使我們有極好的機會重重敘舊情敘舊情，并結(jié)交新朋結(jié)交新朋。nThis is a happy and memorable

16、 occasion for me personally and the members of my delegation. In accepting Your Excellencys gracious invitation to visit this great county, it has provided us an excellent opportunity to renew old friendships and establish new contacts. Examples Analysisn建立一個充滿生機和朝氣生機和朝氣的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制。nTo establish a socialist market economic structure imbued with vigour and vitality.nTo establish a vigourous socialist market economic structure. Examples Analysisn干部的素質(zhì)如何關(guān)系到我們國家的前途前途和未來和未來。nThe quality of our leaders has an important be